2004/id/draft-www-uri-00.ps

%!PS-Adobe-2.0
%%Creator: dvips 5.515 Copyright 1986, 1993 Radical Eye Software
%%Title: uri-spec.dvi
%%CreationDate: Fri Mar 11 11:29:33 1994
%%Pages: 22
%%PageOrder: Ascend
%%BoundingBox: 0 0 596 842
%%DocumentFonts: Times-Roman Helvetica-Bold Times-Bold Courier
%%EndComments
%DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o uri-spec.ps uri-spec.dvi
%DVIPSSource:  TeX output 1994.03.11:1128
%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro
/TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N
/X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72
mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1}
ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale
isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div
hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul
TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get
round 5 exch put setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{
statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0
0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N /df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn
begin /FontType 3 N /FontMatrix fntrx N /FontBBox FBB N string /base X
array /BitMaps X /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N /Encoding IE N end dup{/foo
setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put /ctr 0 N[}B /df{/sf 1 N /fntrx
FMat N df-tail}B /dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B /E{
pop nn dup definefont setfont}B /ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}
B /ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B /ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup
length 3 sub get sub}B /ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B
/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B /ch-image{ch-data dup type
/stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B /id 0 N /rw 0 N /rc 0 N /gp
0 N /cp 0 N /G 0 N /sf 0 N /CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup /base get 2
index get S /BitMaps get S get /ch-data X pop /ctr 0 N ch-dx 0 ch-xoff
ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width add ch-yoff setcachedevice
ch-width ch-height true[1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{
ch-image}imagemask restore}B /D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn
/base get cc ctr put nn /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne{dup dup length 1
sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B /I{cc 1 add D
}B /bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N @rigin 0 0
moveto /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add
.99 lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N /eop{SI restore showpage
userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N /@start{userdict /start-hook
known{start-hook}if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div /DVImag X
/IE 256 array N 0 1 255{IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put}for
65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N /p{show}N /RMat[1 0 0 -1 0
0]N /BDot 260 string N /rulex 0 N /ruley 0 N /v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B /V
{}B /RV statusdict begin /product where{pop product dup length 7 ge{0 7
getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or}{pop false}
ifelse}{false}ifelse end{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley
false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}{{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley
scale 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}}ifelse B /QV{gsave
transform round exch round exch itransform moveto rulex 0 rlineto 0
ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B /a{moveto}B /delta
0 N /tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B /M{S p delta add tail}B /b{S p tail}
B /c{-4 M}B /d{-3 M}B /e{-2 M}B /f{-1 M}B /g{0 M}B /h{1 M}B /i{2 M}B /j{
3 M}B /k{4 M}B /w{0 rmoveto}B /l{p -4 w}B /m{p -3 w}B /n{p -2 w}B /o{p
-1 w}B /q{p 1 w}B /r{p 2 w}B /s{p 3 w}B /t{p 4 w}B /x{0 S rmoveto}B /y{
3 2 roll p a}B /bos{/SS save N}B /eos{SS restore}B end
%%EndProcSet
%%BeginProcSet: texps.pro
TeXDict begin /rf{findfont dup length 1 add dict begin{1 index /FID ne 2
index /UniqueID ne and{def}{pop pop}ifelse}forall[1 index 0 6 -1 roll
exec 0 exch 5 -1 roll VResolution Resolution div mul neg 0 0]/Metrics
exch def dict begin Encoding{exch dup type /integertype ne{pop pop 1 sub
dup 0 le{pop}{[}ifelse}{FontMatrix 0 get div Metrics 0 get div def}
ifelse}forall Metrics /Metrics currentdict end def[2 index currentdict
end definefont 3 -1 roll makefont /setfont load]cvx def}def
/ObliqueSlant{dup sin S cos div neg}B /SlantFont{4 index mul add}def
/ExtendFont{3 -1 roll mul exch}def /ReEncodeFont{/Encoding exch def}def
end
%%EndProcSet
TeXDict begin 39158280 55380996 1000 300 300
(/Net/www0/W3/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/URL/uri-spec.dvi)
@start /Fa 4 107 df<07E01FF83FFC7FFE7FFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFE7FFE
3FFC1FF807E010107E9115>15 D<001F00FF01F003E003C003C003C003C003C003C003C0
03C003C003C003C003C003C007800F00FE00F800FE000F00078003C003C003C003C003C0
03C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003E001F000FF001F10297E9E15>102
D<F800FF000F8007C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C001
E000F0007F001F007F00F001E003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003C003
C003C007C00F80FF00F80010297E9E15>I<C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0
C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C002297B9E0C>106
D E /Fb 133[25 1[25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
25 1[25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 9[25 2[25 25 25 3[25
1[25 4[25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 5[25 25 1[25 25 25 25
25 25 25 1[25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 2[25 37[{}56 41.666668
/Courier rf /Fc 135[23 3[14 23 2[25 25 1[37 12 6[23 3[23
18[30 8[28 10[14 6[23 23 23 2[12 46[{}16 41.666668 /Helvetica-Bold
rf /Fd 81[33 52[30 30 1[30 33 20 23 27 1[33 30 33 50
17 2[17 33 30 20 27 33 27 33 30 11[43 40 33 43 3[43 4[23
2[37 1[43 1[40 43 8[30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 2[15 6[20
39[{}42 59.999973 /Times-Bold rf /Fe 3 63 df<70F8F8F87005057D840C>58
D<0000038000000F0000003C000000F0000003C000000F0000003C000000F0000003C000
000F0000003C000000F0000000F00000003C0000000F00000003C0000000F00000003C00
00000F00000003C0000000F00000003C0000000F000000038019187D9520>60
D<E0000000780000001E0000000780000001E0000000780000001E0000000780000001E0
000000780000001E00000007800000078000001E00000078000001E00000078000001E00
000078000001E00000078000001E00000078000000E000000019187D9520>62
D E /Ff 81[23 51[18 21 21 30 21 23 14 16 18 1[23 21 23
35 12 23 1[12 23 21 14 18 23 18 23 21 7[30 1[42 1[30
28 23 30 1[25 32 30 39 28 32 21 16 32 1[25 28 30 30 28
30 6[14 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 12 10 14 10 2[14
14 14 39[{}64 41.666668 /Times-Bold rf /Fg 134[25 25
3[14 1[17 1[25 25 25 39 4[25 1[17 22 25 22 1[22 19[44
4[36 36 13[25 4[25 2[25 4[12 44[{}21 50.000000 /Times-Roman
rf /Fh 81[40 55[36 36 20 28 24 2[36 36 1[20 2[20 3[32
36 32 1[32 9[68 1[52 2[48 82[{}17 72.000000 /Times-Roman
rf /Fi 81[30 52[28 28 39 28 30 17 28 19 1[30 30 30 44
14 28 14 14 30 30 17 28 30 28 30 28 9[47 1[36 30 33 36
39 33 39 36 41 30 2[14 36 39 30 33 36 36 36 36 7[28 28
28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 1[14 17 14 2[17 17 40[{}60 50.000000
/Helvetica-Bold rf /Fj 81[37 55[33 37 20 33 23 2[37 37
1[17 2[17 3[33 37 33 1[33 9[56 1[43 2[43 8[17 73[{}18
59.999973 /Helvetica-Bold rf /Fk 59[14 14 19[23 23 51[18
21 21 30 21 21 12 16 14 21 21 21 21 32 12 21 12 12 21
21 14 18 21 18 21 18 3[14 12 14 25 30 30 39 30 30 25
23 28 30 23 30 30 37 25 30 16 14 30 30 23 25 30 28 28
30 38 18 1[23 1[12 12 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 12
10 14 10 23 21 14 14 14 32 35 21 21 17 14 33[{}89 41.666668
/Times-Roman rf end
%%EndProlog
%%BeginSetup
%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi
TeXDict begin
%%PaperSize: a4

%%EndSetup
%%Page: 1 1
1 0 bop -5 315 a Fk(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10 b(Resource)h(Identi\256ers)f(in)
g(WWW)933 b(T)o(im)10 b(Berners-Lee)-5 373 y(draft-www-uri-00.txt,ps)
1377 b(CERN)-5 431 y(Expires)10 b(12)g(September)h(1994)1175
b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)384 605 y Fj(Univer)o(sal)16 b(Resour)o(ce)h
(Identi\256er)o(s)f(in)f(WWW)7 781 y Fi(A)f(unifying)g(syntax)f(f)o(or)
h(the)g(e)o(xpression)g(of)g(names)g(and)g(addresses)f(of)h(objects)f
(on)i(the)470 839 y(netw)o(ork)f(as)f(used)h(in)g(the)g(W)m(orld-Wide)g
(W)n(eb)930 2968 y Fk(1)p eop
%%Page: 0 2
0 1 bop 360 1251 a Fh(Uni)n(v)o(ersal)17 b(Resource)g(identi\256ers)g
(in)g(WWW)641 1444 y Fg(Generated)12 b(from)f(the)i(Hyperte)o(xt)782
1576 y(March)f(11,)h(1994)p eop
%%Page: 1 3
1 2 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fi(T)l(able)k(of)g(Contents)-5 447
y Ff(1)42 b(About)10 b(this)g(document)1435 b(1)153 502
y Fk(1.0.1)50 b(Status)10 b(of)g(this)f(memo)35 b Fe(:)21
b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
71 b Fk(1)-5 598 y Ff(2)42 b(The)10 b(need)i(f)o(or)e(a)g(universal)f
(syntax)1251 b(2)58 653 y Fk(2.1)43 b(URIs)23 b Fe(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(2)58 708 y(2.2)43
b(URLs)12 b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(2)58 763 y(2.3)43 b(URNs)c Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(2)-5 859 y Ff(3)42 b(Design)10
b(criteria)h(and)f(choices)1331 b(3)58 914 y Fk(3.1)43
b(Design)10 b(criteria)26 b Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(3)58 969 y(3.2)43 b(Choices)10 b(for)g(a)h(uni)o(v)o(ersal)f
(syntax)29 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(3)-5 1065 y Ff(4)42 b(Recommendations)1478
b(4)58 1120 y Fk(4.1)43 b(URI)10 b(syntax)49 b Fe(:)20
b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(4)153 1175 y(4.1.1)50
b(Scheme)42 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(4)153
1230 y(4.1.2)50 b(P)o(ath)34 b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
71 b Fk(4)58 1285 y(4.2)43 b(Reserv)o(ed)11 b(characters)38
b Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(4)153 1339 y(4.2.1)50
b(The)11 b(percent)f(sign)24 b Fe(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(4)153
1394 y(4.2.2)50 b(Hierarchical)10 b(forms)21 b Fe(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(4)153 1449 y(4.2.3)50 b(Hash)11 b(for)e(Fragment)i(Identi\256ers)
34 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(4)153 1504 y(4.2.4)50 b(Query)10 b(strings)g Fe(:)21
b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(5)153 1559 y(4.2.5)50 b(Unsafe)11
b(characters)38 b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(5)58 1614 y(4.3)43
b(Encoding)10 b(reserv)o(ed)h(characters)44 b Fe(:)20
b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(5)153 1668 y(4.3.1)50 b(Con)n(v)o(entional)9 b(URI)h(encoding)f
(scheme)25 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(5)153 1723 y(4.3.2)50 b(Reduced)10 b(or)g(increased)i(safe)f
(character)g(sets)19 b Fe(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71
b Fk(5)58 1778 y(4.4)43 b(P)o(artial)10 b(\(relati)o(v)o(e\))g(form)42
b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(6)58 1833 y(4.5)43 b(Fragment-id)34
b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(7)-5
1929 y Ff(5)42 b(Speci\256c)11 b(Schemes)1509 b(9)58
1984 y Fk(5.1)43 b(HTTP)d Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)71 b Fk(9)58 2039 y(5.2)43 b(FTP)d Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)71 b Fk(9)58 2094 y(5.3)43
b(Gopher)51 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51
b Fk(10)58 2149 y(5.4)43 b(Mailto)31 b Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(10)58 2204 y(5.5)43 b(Ne)o(ws)18
b Fe(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51
b Fk(10)153 2259 y(5.5.1)f(NNTP)31 b Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)51 b Fk(11)58 2313 y(5.6)43 b(T)m(elnet,)11 b(rlogin,)e(tn3270)41
b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(11)58 2368 y(5.7)43 b(URN)23
b Fe(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51
b Fk(11)58 2423 y(5.8)43 b(W)-5 b(AIS)42 b Fe(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(12)58 2478 y(5.9)43 b(Message-Id)15
b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(12)58
2533 y(5.10)22 b(Content-Id)k Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g
(:)51 b Fk(12)58 2588 y(5.11)22 b(Prospero)28 b Fe(:)20
b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(12)58
2643 y(5.12)22 b(Schemes)12 b(for)e(Further)f(Study)19
b Fe(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(12)153 2697 y(5.12.1)29 b(x500)23
b Fe(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)
f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f
(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(12)153
2752 y(5.12.2)29 b(WHOIS)36 b Fe(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51
b Fk(13)153 2807 y(5.12.3)29 b(Network)9 b(Management)i(Database)26
b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51
b Fk(13)58 2862 y(5.13)22 b(Re)o(gistration)9 b(of)h(naming)g(schemes)
31 b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g
(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)
g(:)51 b Fk(13)-5 2968 y(Berners-Lee)1674 b(i)p eop
%%Page: 2 4
2 3 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Ff(6)42 b(BNF)10 b(of)g(generic)h(URI)g
(syntax)1306 b(14)58 374 y Fk(6.1)43 b(BNF)10 b(for)g(speci\256c)h(URL)
g(schemes)43 b Fe(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)
h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h
(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)51 b Fk(14)-5 476 y Ff(7)42 b(Refer)o(ences)1596
b(17)-5 578 y(8)42 b(A)n(uthor')n(s)10 b(addr)o(ess)1487
b(18)-5 2968 y Fk(ii)1661 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 1 5
1 4 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(1.)15 b(About)g(this)g(document)-5
415 y Fk(This)e(document)g(de\256nes)g(the)g(syntax)g(used)g(by)f(the)h
(W)m(orld-W)n(ide)f(W)m(eb)h(initiati)o(v)o(e)e(to)h(encode)i(the)e
(names)i(and)f(addresses)h(of)-5 465 y(objects)8 b(on)g(the)g
(Internet.)14 b(The)9 b(web)f(is)g(considered)g(to)g(include)f(objects)
h(accessed)j(using)c(an)i(e)o(xtendable)f(number)g(of)g(protocols,)-5
515 y(e)o(xisting,)13 b(in)n(v)o(ented)f(for)g(the)h(web)g(itself,)f
(or)h(to)f(be)g(in)n(v)o(ented)h(in)f(the)g(future.)22
b(Access)14 b(instructions)d(for)h(an)h(indi)o(vidual)d(object)-5
565 y(under)h(a)g(gi)o(v)o(en)f(protocol)f(are)j(encoded)f(into)e
(forms)i(of)f(address)i(string.)j(Other)10 b(protocols)f(allo)o(w)h
(the)h(use)g(of)f(object)h(names)g(of)-5 615 y(v)o(arious)g(forms.)18
b(In)11 b(order)f(to)h(abstract)g(the)h(idea)f(of)g(a)h(generic)f
(object,)g(the)g(web)h(needs)g(the)f(concepts)g(of)g(the)g(uni)o(v)o
(ersal)g(set)g(of)-5 664 y(objects,)g(and)f(of)g(the)g(uni)o(v)o(ersal)
g(set)g(of)g(names)i(or)e(addresses)h(of)f(objects.)-5
725 y(A)17 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)g(Resource)g(Identi\256er)f(\(URI\))g(is)h
(a)g(member)h(of)e(this)g(uni)o(v)o(ersal)g(set)h(of)g(names)h(in)e(re)
o(gistered)h(name)h(spaces)-5 775 y(and)e(addresses)g(referring)f(to)g
(re)o(gistered)h(protocols)e(or)h(name)h(spaces.)33 b(A)15
b(Uniform)g(Resource)h(Locator)f(\(URL\),)h(de\256ned)-5
825 y(else)o(where,)i(is)d(a)h(form)f(of)g(URI)g(which)g(e)o(xpresses)i
(an)e(address)h(which)f(maps)h(onto)e(an)i(access)h(algorithm)d(using)g
(network)-5 874 y(protocols.)k(Existing)10 b(URI)i(schemes)h(which)e
(correspond)g(to)g(the)h(\(still)e(mutating\))g(concept)i(of)f(IETF)h
(URLs)g(are)h(listed)d(here.)-5 924 y(The)f(Uniform)f(Resource)h(Name)h
(\(URN\))d(debate)i(attempts)g(to)e(de\256ne)i(a)g(name)h(space)g
(\(and)e(presumably)g(resolution)f(protocols\))-5 974
y(for)12 b(persistent)g(object)g(names.)24 b(This)12
b(area)i(is)f(not)e(addressed)j(by)e(this)g(document,)h(which)f(is)h
(written)e(in)h(order)g(to)g(document)-5 1024 y(e)o(xisting)d(practice)
i(and)g(pro)o(vide)e(a)i(reference)h(point)c(for)i(URL)h(and)f(URN)g
(discussions.)-5 1084 y(This)g(document)h(is)f(therefore)g(to)f(be)i
(issued)f(under)g(the)g("informational)f(RFC")g(disclaimer)i(.)-5
1145 y(The)e(world-wide)d(web)i(protocols)e(are)j(discussed)f(on)f(the)
h(mailing)f(list)f(www-talk-request@info.cern.ch)h(and)h(the)g(ne)o
(wsgroup)-5 1195 y(comp.infosystems.www)18 b(is)f(preferable)h(for)f
(be)o(ginner')n(s)f(questions.)36 b(The)18 b(mailing)e(list)g
(uri-request@b)o(un)o(yip.com)h(has)-5 1245 y(discussion)10
b(related)g(particularly)f(to)g(the)h(URI)g(issue.)16
b(The)11 b(author)e(may)i(be)g(contacted)f(as)h(timbl@info.cern.ch.)-5
1305 y(This)6 b(document)g(is)g(a)o(v)o(ailable)g(in)g(hyperte)o(xt)g
(form)g(at)g(http://)o(info)o(.cern.ch/hyperte)o(xt/WWW/Add)o(ressing/)
o(URL/URI)p 1734 1305 13 2 v 11 w(Ov)o(ervie)o(w)m(.html)-5
1412 y Fi(1.0.1)49 b(Status)13 b(of)h(this)f(memo)-5
1500 y Fk(This)d(document)g(is)g(an)h(Internet)e(Draft.)15
b(Internet)9 b(Drafts)h(are)h(working)d(documents)i(of)g(the)g
(Internet)f(Engineering)h(T)m(ask)g(F)o(orce)-5 1550
y(\(IETF\),)16 b(its)e(Areas,)j(and)e(its)f(W)m(orking)f(Groups.)29
b(Note)14 b(that)h(other)f(groups)g(may)h(also)g(distrib)o(ute)e
(working)g(documents)h(as)-5 1600 y(Internet)c(Drafts.)-5
1660 y(Internet)15 b(Drafts)h(are)h(working)c(documents)j(v)o(alid)f
(for)g(a)i(maximum)f(of)g(six)f(months.)31 b(Internet)15
b(Drafts)h(may)g(be)g(updated,)-5 1710 y(replaced,)g(or)d(obsoleted)g
(by)g(other)h(documents)f(at)h(an)o(y)g(time.)25 b(It)14
b(is)f(not)g(appropriate)g(to)g(use)h(Internet)f(Drafts)g(as)i
(reference)-5 1760 y(material)c(or)f(to)f(cite)i(them)f(other)g(than)g
(as)h(a)f("working)f(draft")g(or)h("work)f(in)h(progress".)-5
1821 y(Distrib)o(ution)d(of)j(this)g(document)g(is)g(unlimited.)-5
2968 y(Berners-Lee)1665 b(1)p eop
%%Page: 2 6
2 5 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(2.)k(The)g(need)f(f)o(or)g(a)h(uni)o(v)o
(ersal)f(syntax)-5 415 y Fk(This)c(section)g(describes)h(the)f(concept)
h(of)f(the)g(URI)g(and)g(does)h(not)e(form)h(part)g(of)g(the)g
(speci\256cation.)-5 476 y(Man)o(y)j(protocols)e(and)h(systems)g(for)g
(document)g(search)h(and)g(retrie)o(v)o(al)e(are)i(currently)e(in)h
(use,)h(and)f(man)o(y)h(more)g(protocols)d(or)-5 526
y(re\256nements)h(of)f(e)o(xisting)g(protocols)e(are)j(to)f(be)h(e)o
(xpected)g(in)f(a)g(\256eld)h(whose)f(e)o(xpansion)g(is)g(e)o(xplosi)o
(v)o(e.)-5 586 y(These)19 b(systems)g(are)g(aiming)e(to)h(achie)o(v)o
(e)h(global)e(search)i(and)f(readership)g(of)f(documents)h(across)h
(dif)o(fering)d(computing)-5 636 y(platforms,)d(and)f(despite)g(a)h
(plethora)e(of)h(protocols)f(and)i(data)f(formats.)21
b(As)13 b(protocols)e(e)o(v)o(olv)o(e,)i(gate)o(ways)g(can)g(allo)o(w)e
(global)-5 686 y(access)i(to)d(remain)g(possible.)15
b(As)c(data)f(formats)h(e)o(v)o(olv)o(e,)g(format)f(con)n(v)o(ersion)g
(programs)h(can)g(preserv)o(e)g(global)e(access.)18 b(There)-5
736 y(is)10 b(one)g(area,)h(ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n(,)g(in)e(which)h(it)f
(is)g(impractical)h(to)f(make)h(con)n(v)o(ersions,)h(and)f(that)f(is)g
(in)g(the)h(names)h(and)f(addresses)h(used)f(to)-5 786
y(identify)e(objects.)15 b(This)10 b(is)f(because)j(names)f(and)f
(addresses)g(of)g(objects)f(are)i(passed)g(on)e(in)g(so)h(man)o(y)h
(ways,)f(from)f(the)h(backs)g(of)-5 835 y(en)n(v)o(elopes)h(to)f
(hyperte)o(xt)f(objects,)i(and)f(may)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(long)e(life.)-5
896 y(A)i(common)f(feature)h(of)f(almost)g(all)g(the)g(data)h(models)f
(of)g(past)g(and)g(proposed)g(systems)h(is)f(something)f(which)h(can)h
(be)g(mapped)-5 946 y(onto)e(a)h(concept)g(of)g("object")f(and)h(some)h
(kind)d(of)i(name,)h(address,)g(or)f(identi\256er)f(for)g(that)g
(object.)15 b(One)10 b(can)g(therefore)g(de\256ne)h(a)-5
996 y(set)g(of)f(name)h(spaces)h(in)d(which)h(these)h(objects)f(can)h
(be)f(said)h(to)e(e)o(xist.)-5 1056 y(Practical)18 b(systems)g(need)f
(to)g(access)i(and)e(mix)g(objects)g(which)g(are)h(part)e(of)h(dif)o
(ferent)f(e)o(xisting)h(and)g(proposed)f(systems.)-5
1106 y(Therefore,)f(the)d(concept)h(of)f(the)h(uni)o(v)o(ersal)f(set)h
(of)f(all)g(objects,)i(and)e(hence)i(the)e(uni)o(v)o(ersal)g(set)h(of)g
(names)g(and)g(addresses,)i(in)-5 1156 y(all)d(name)g(spaces,)i
(becomes)f(important.)18 b(This)11 b(allo)o(ws)g(names)i(in)e(dif)o
(ferent)g(spaces)i(to)e(be)h(treated)g(in)f(a)h(common)g(way)m(,)g(e)o
(v)o(en)-5 1206 y(though)d(names)i(in)f(dif)o(ferent)f(spaces)j(ha)o(v)
o(e)f(dif)o(fering)e(characteristics,)i(as)g(do)f(the)g(objects)g(to)g
(which)g(the)o(y)g(refer)n(.)-5 1312 y Fi(2.1)49 b(URIs)-5
1410 y Fk(This)12 b(document)f(de\256nes)i(a)f(way)g(to)f(encapsulate)h
(a)h(name)f(in)g(an)o(y)g(re)o(gistered)g(name)g(space,)i(and)e(label)f
(it)g(with)g(the)h(the)f(name)-5 1460 y(space,)j(producing)d(a)h
(member)i(of)d(the)h(uni)o(v)o(ersal)g(set.)20 b(Such)13
b(an)f(encoded)g(and)g(labelled)g(member)h(of)f(this)f(set)h(is)g(kno)o
(wn)f(as)i(a)-5 1510 y(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)d(Resource)h(Identi\256er)n(,)g
(or)e(URI.)-5 1570 y(The)19 b(uni)o(v)o(ersal)f(syntax)f(allo)o(ws)g
(access)k(of)c(objects)h(a)o(v)o(ailable)g(using)f(e)o(xisting)g
(protocols,)i(and)f(may)h(be)f(e)o(xtended)g(with)-5
1620 y(technology)m(.)-5 1681 y(The)13 b(speci\256cation)g(of)f(the)h
(URI)f(syntax)g(does)h(not)e(imply)h(an)o(ything)f(about)h(the)g
(properties)g(of)g(names)i(and)f(addresses)g(in)f(the)-5
1730 y(v)o(arious)e(name)i(spaces)h(which)d(are)i(mapped)g(onto)d(the)i
(set)g(of)g(URI)f(strings.)17 b(The)11 b(properties)f(follo)o(w)g(from)
g(the)h(speci\256cations)-5 1780 y(of)f(the)g(protocols)f(and)i(the)f
(associated)h(usage)g(con)n(v)o(entions)e(for)h(each)h(scheme.)-5
1886 y Fi(2.2)49 b(URLs)-5 1984 y Fk(F)o(or)11 b(e)o(xisting)f
(Internet)h(access)i(protocols,)d(it)g(is)h(necessary)h(in)f(most)f
(cases)j(to)d(de\256ne)i(the)f(encoding)f(of)h(the)f(access)k
(algorithm)-5 2034 y(into)9 b(something)f(concise)j(enough)e(to)g(be)h
(termed)g(address.)16 b(URIs)9 b(which)g(refer)i(to)e(objects)g
(accessed)j(with)d(e)o(xisting)g(protocols)-5 2084 y(are)g(kno)o(wn)f
(as)h("Uniform)e(Resource)i(Locators")g(\(URLs\))f(and)h(are)g(listed)e
(here)i(as)g(used)g(in)f(WWW)l(,)h(b)o(ut)f(to)g(be)g(formally)g
(de\256ned)-5 2134 y(in)i(a)h(separate)g(document)f(.)-5
2240 y Fi(2.3)49 b(URNs)-5 2338 y Fk(There)18 b(is)f(currently)f(a)h
(dri)o(v)o(e)g(to)f(de\256ne)i(a)f(space)h(of)f(more)g(persistent)g
(names)h(than)e(an)o(y)h(URLs.)36 b(These)18 b("Uniform)e(Re-)-5
2388 y(source)f(Names")g(are)g(the)f(subject)f(of)h(an)g(IETF)h
(working)d(group')n(s)g(discussions.)26 b(\(See)15 b(Sollins)d(and)i
(Masinter)n(,)h(Functional)-5 2438 y(Speci\256cations)c(for)e(URNs,)i
(circulated)f(informally)m(.\))-5 2498 y(The)h(URI)f(syntax)g(and)g
(URL)h(forms)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(been)g(in)e(widespread)i(use)g(by)f(W)m
(orld-W)n(ide)f(W)m(eb)h(software)g(since)h(1990.)-5
2968 y(2)1664 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 3 7
3 6 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(3.)15 b(Design)g(criteria)d(and)j(choices)-5
415 y Fk(This)d(section)f(is)g(not)g(part)g(of)g(the)g
(speci\256cation:)17 b(it)11 b(is)g(simply)g(an)h(e)o(xplanation)e(of)i
(the)f(way)g(in)g(which)g(the)g(speci\256cation)h(was)-5
465 y(deri)o(v)o(ed.)-5 571 y Fi(3.1)49 b(Design)14 b(criteria)-5
669 y Fk(The)d(syntax)f(was)g(designed)g(to)g(be)-5 740
y Ff(Extensible)243 b Fk(Ne)o(w)10 b(naming)g(schemes)i(may)f(be)g
(added)f(later)n(.)-5 794 y Ff(Complete)257 b Fk(It)9
b(is)h(possible)g(to)g(encode)h(an)o(y)f(naming)g(scheme.)-5
848 y Ff(Printable)262 b Fk(It)16 b(is)h(possible)f(to)h(e)o(xpress)h
(an)o(y)f(URI)g(using)f(7-bit)g(ASCII)g(characters)j(so)e(that)f(URIs)h
(may)h(if)423 898 y(necessary)11 b(be)g(passed)g(using)e(pen)i(and)f
(ink.)-5 1004 y Fi(3.2)49 b(Choices)14 b(f)o(or)g(a)g(univer)o(sal)g
(syntax)-5 1102 y Fk(F)o(or)e(the)f(syntax)f(itself)h(there)g(is)g
(little)f(choice)h(e)o(xcept)h(for)f(the)g(order)g(and)h(punctuation)d
(of)i(the)g(elements,)h(and)g(the)f(acceptable)-5 1152
y(characters)h(and)e(escaping)h(rules.)-5 1212 y(The)g(e)o
(xtensibility)c(requirement)i(is)h(met)g(by)f(allo)o(wing)f(an)i
(arbitrary)f(\(b)o(ut)f(re)o(gistered\))i(string)e(to)h(be)h(used)g(as)
g(a)g(pre\256x.)15 b(A)10 b(pre\256x)-5 1262 y(is)g(chosen)g(as)g(left)
f(to)h(right)e(parsing)h(is)g(more)h(common)h(than)e(right)f(to)h
(left.)15 b(The)10 b(choice)g(of)g(a)g(colon)f(as)h(separator)g(of)g
(the)f(pre\256x)-5 1312 y(from)h(the)g(rest)h(of)f(the)g(URI)g(was)g
(arbitrary)m(.)-5 1373 y(The)16 b(decoding)f(of)g(the)g(rest)h(of)f
(the)g(string)f(is)h(de\256ned)h(as)g(a)g(function)e(of)h(the)g
(pre\256x.)31 b(Ne)o(w)16 b(pre\256x)o(ed)f(are)i(introduced)d(for)-5
1422 y(ne)o(w)e(schemes)h(as)f(necessary)m(,)i(in)c(agreement)j(with)d
(the)h(re)o(gistration)f(authority)m(.)17 b(The)12 b(re)o(gistration)e
(of)h(a)h(ne)o(w)f(scheme)i(clearly)-5 1472 y(requires)e(the)g
(de\256nition)f(of)h(the)g(decoding)f(of)h(the)g(URI)g(into)f(a)i(gi)o
(v)o(en)f(name)h(space,)h(and)e(a)h(de\256nition)d(of)i(the)g
(properties)g(and,)-5 1522 y(where)g(applicable,)f(resolution)f
(protocols,)g(for)h(the)g(name)h(space.)-5 1583 y(The)h(completeness)g
(requirement)e(is)h(easily)g(met)g(by)g(allo)o(wing)e(particularly)h
(strange)h(or)g(plain)f(binary)g(names)i(to)e(be)i(encoded)-5
1632 y(in)e(base)h(16)f(or)g(64)g(using)f(the)h(acceptable)i
(characters.)-5 1693 y(The)f(printability)6 b(requirement)k(could)f(ha)
o(v)o(e)i(been)g(met)f(by)f(requiring)g(all)g(schemes)j(to)d(encode)i
(characters)g(not)e(part)h(of)f(a)i(basic)-5 1743 y(set.)21
b(This)12 b(led)g(to)g(man)o(y)g(discussions)g(of)f(what)h(the)g(basic)
h(set)f(should)f(be.)21 b(A)12 b(dif)o(\256cult)f(case,)j(for)e(e)o
(xample,)i(is)e(when)g(an)g(ISO)-5 1793 y(latin)g(1)h(string)f(appears)
i(in)f(a)g(URL,)h(and)f(within)e(an)j(application)d(with)h(ISO)h
(Latin-1)g(capability)m(,)g(it)g(can)g(be)h(handled)e(intact.)-5
1842 y(Ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n(,)g(for)e(transport)f(in)g(general,)i(the)f
(non-ASCII)f(characters)j(need)e(to)g(be)h(escaped.)-5
1903 y(The)k(solution)d(to)h(this)g(was)h(to)f(specify)h(a)g(safe)h
(set)f(of)g(characters,)i(and)e(a)g(general)g(escaping)h(scheme)g
(which)e(may)i(be)f(used)-5 1953 y(for)e(encoding)g("unsafe")h
(characters.)23 b(This)12 b("safe")i(set)e(is)h(suitable,)f(for)g(e)o
(xample,)j(for)d(use)h(in)f(electronic)g(mail.)22 b(This)12
b(is)g(the)-5 2003 y(canonical)f(form)f(of)g(a)h(URI.)-5
2063 y(The)g(choice)g(of)f(escape)j(character)e(for)f(introducing)e
(representations)i(of)g(non-allo)o(wed)f(characters)j(also)e(tends)g
(to)g(be)h(a)g(matter)-5 2113 y(of)g(taste.)18 b(An)11
b(ANSI)g(standard)g(e)o(xists)g(in)f(the)h(C)g(language,)h(using)e(the)
h(back-slash)g(character)i("\\".)k(The)11 b(use)h(of)f(this)f
(character)-5 2163 y(on)i(unix)f(command)i(lines,)g(ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n
(,)h(can)e(be)h(a)g(problem)e(as)i(it)f(is)g(interpreted)f(by)h(man)o
(y)h(shell)e(programs,)i(and)f(would)f(ha)o(v)o(e)-5
2213 y(itself)d(to)h(be)g(escaped.)16 b(It)9 b(is)g(also)g(a)g
(character)i(which)d(is)h(not)f(a)o(v)o(ailable)h(on)g(certain)g(ke)o
(yboards.)14 b(The)c(equals)f(sign)g(is)f(commonly)-5
2263 y(used)k(in)e(the)h(encoding)f(of)h(names)h(ha)o(ving)f(attrib)o
(ute=v)o(alue)f(pairs.)17 b(The)12 b(percent)f(sign)f(was)i(e)o(v)o
(entually)e(chosen)i(as)f(a)h(suitable)-5 2312 y(escape)g(character)n
(.)-5 2373 y(There)e(is)f(a)h(con\257ict)e(between)i(the)f(need)g(to)g
(be)g(able)h(to)e(represent)h(man)o(y)h(characters)g(including)d
(spaces)k(within)c(a)j(URI)f(directly)m(,)-5 2423 y(and)f(the)g(need)g
(to)f(be)h(able)g(to)g(use)g(a)g(URI)g(in)f(en)n(vironments)g(which)g
(ha)o(v)o(e)i(limited)e(character)i(sets)f(or)f(in)h(which)f(certain)h
(characters)-5 2473 y(are)14 b(prone)f(to)f(corruption.)22
b(This)13 b(con\257ict)g(has)g(been)h(resolv)o(ed)f(by)g(use)g(of)g(an)
g(he)o(xadecimal)i(escaping)e(method)g(which)g(may)-5
2522 y(be)h(applied)f(to)g(an)o(y)g(characters)i(forbidden)d(in)h(a)h
(gi)o(v)o(en)f(conte)o(xt.)24 b(When)14 b(URLs)g(are)g(mo)o(v)o(ed)g
(between)g(conte)o(xts,)h(the)e(set)g(of)-5 2572 y(characters)f
(escaped)g(may)f(be)f(enlar)o(ged)h(or)f(reduced)g(unambiguously)m(.)-5
2633 y(The)h(use)g(of)g(white)e(space)j(characters)g(is)e(risk)o(y)g
(in)g(URIs)h(to)f(be)g(printed)g(or)g(sent)g(by)g(electronic)h(mail,)g
(and)f(the)g(use)h(of)g(multiple)-5 2683 y(white)g(space)h(characters)h
(is)e(v)o(ery)g(risk)o(y)m(.)18 b(This)11 b(is)g(because)i(of)e(the)g
(frequent)f(introduction)f(of)i(e)o(xtraneous)g(white)g(space)h(when)-5
2732 y(lines)g(are)g(wrapped)g(by)g(systems)g(such)h(as)f(mail,)h(or)e
(sheer)i(necessity)f(of)g(narro)o(w)f(column)h(width,)f(and)h(because)i
(of)d(the)h(inter)o(-)-5 2782 y(con)n(v)o(ersion)f(of)e(v)o(arious)h
(forms)g(of)g(white)g(space)h(which)f(occurs)h(during)e(character)i
(code)g(con)n(v)o(ersion)f(and)g(the)g(transfer)g(of)g(te)o(xt)-5
2832 y(between)h(applications.)j(This)c(is)g(why)g(the)g(canonical)g
(form)g(for)g(URIs)g(has)h(all)f(white)f(spaces)j(encoded.)-5
2968 y(Berners-Lee)1665 b(3)p eop
%%Page: 4 8
4 7 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(4.)k(Recommendations)-5 415
y Fk(This)c(section)g(describes)h(the)e(syntax)h(for)f(URIs)h(as)h
(used)f(in)g(the)f(W)m(orldW)n(ide)g(W)m(eb)i(initiati)o(v)o(e.)j(The)d
(generic)f(syntax)g(pro)o(vides)-5 465 y(a)g(frame)o(work)f(for)g(ne)o
(w)g(schemes)i(for)e(names)i(to)d(be)i(resolv)o(ed)f(using)g(as)h(yet)f
(unde\256ned)g(protocols.)-5 572 y Fi(4.1)49 b(URI)14
b(syntax)-5 671 y Fk(A)h(complete)f(URI)g(consists)g(of)g(a)h(naming)f
(scheme)i(speci\256er)f(follo)o(wed)e(by)h(a)h(string)e(whose)h(format)
g(is)h(a)f(function)f(of)h(the)-5 720 y(naming)g(scheme.)28
b(F)o(or)14 b(locators)g(of)g(information)e(on)i(the)g(Internet,)g(a)h
(common)f(syntax)g(is)g(used)g(for)f(the)h(IP)g(address)h(part.)-5
770 y(A)e(BNF)g(description)e(of)i(the)f(URL)h(syntax)g(is)f(gi)o(v)o
(en)h(in)f(an)h(a)g(later)g(section.)22 b(The)14 b(components)e(are)i
(as)f(follo)o(ws.)22 b(Fragment)-5 820 y(identi\256ers)10
b(and)g(relati)o(v)o(e)g(URIs)g(are)h(not)f(in)n(v)o(olv)o(ed)f(in)h
(the)g(basic)h(URL)f(de\256nition.)-5 927 y Fi(4.1.1)49
b(Scheme)-5 1016 y Fk(W)n(ithin)10 b(the)h(URI)g(of)g(a)g(object,)h
(the)f(\256rst)f(element)i(is)f(the)g(name)h(of)f(the)g(scheme,)i
(separated)f(from)f(the)g(rest)g(of)g(the)g(object)g(by)g(a)-5
1066 y(colon.)-5 1173 y Fi(4.1.2)49 b(P)o(ath)-5 1262
y Fk(The)13 b(rest)f(of)g(the)f(URI)h(follo)o(ws)f(the)g(colon)h(in)f
(a)i(format)e(depending)g(on)h(the)g(scheme.)22 b(The)12
b(path)g(is)g(interpreted)f(in)g(a)i(manner)-5 1311 y(dependent)8
b(on)g(the)g(protocol)f(being)g(used.)15 b(Ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n(,)10
b(when)e(it)f(contains)h(slashes,)i(these)e(must)g(imply)f(a)i
(hierarchical)f(structure.)-5 1418 y Fi(4.2)49 b(Reserved)14
b(character)o(s)-5 1517 y Fk(The)d(path)f(in)f(the)h(URI)f(has)i(a)f
(signi\256cance)h(de\256ned)f(by)g(the)g(particular)f(scheme.)16
b(T)m(ypically)9 b(it)h(is)f(used)i(to)e(encode)i(a)f(name)h(in)f(a)-5
1566 y(gi)o(v)o(en)h(name)i(space,)g(or)f(an)f(algorithm)f(for)h
(accessing)i(an)f(object.)18 b(In)12 b(either)f(case,)i(the)f(encoding)
f(may)h(use)g(those)f(characters)-5 1616 y(allo)o(wed)f(by)g(the)g(BNF)
g(syntax,)g(or)g(he)o(xadecimal)i(encoding)d(of)h(other)g(characters.)
-5 1677 y(Some)h(of)f(the)g(reserv)o(ed)i(characters)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h
(special)e(uses)h(as)g(de\256ned)g(here.)-5 1784 y Fi(4.2.1)49
b(The)14 b(per)o(cent)g(sign)-5 1873 y Fk(The)d(percent)f(sign)f
(\("\045",)h(ASCII)f(25)g(he)o(x\))h(is)g(used)g(as)g(the)g(escape)h
(character)g(in)f(the)f(encoding)g(scheme)j(and)e(is)f(ne)o(v)o(er)i
(allo)o(wed)-5 1923 y(for)f(an)o(ything)f(else.)-5 2030
y Fi(4.2.2)49 b(Hierar)o(chical)12 b(f)o(orms)-5 2119
y Fk(The)c(slash)f(\("/",)g(ASCII)f(2F)h(he)o(x\))g(character)h(is)f
(reserv)o(ed)h(for)e(the)h(delimiting)t(of)g(substrings)e(whose)i
(relationship)e(is)i(hierarchical.)-5 2169 y(This)15
b(enables)g(partial)f(forms)h(of)f(the)h(URI.)g(Substrings)e
(consisting)g(of)i(single)f(or)g(double)g(dots)g(\(".")h(or)g(".."\))g
(are)g(similarly)-5 2218 y(reserv)o(ed.)-5 2279 y(The)e(signi\256cance)
g(of)e(the)h(slash)h(between)f(two)f(se)o(gments)j(is)d(that)h(the)g
(se)o(gment)h(of)f(the)g(path)f(to)h(the)g(left)g(is)g(more)g
(signi\256cant)-5 2329 y(than)g(the)g(se)o(gment)h(of)f(the)g(path)g
(to)f(the)h(right.)20 b(\("Signi\256cance")12 b(in)g(this)f(case)j
(refers)f(solely)e(to)h(closeness)h(to)e(the)h(root)f(of)h(the)-5
2379 y(hierarchical)f(structure)e(and)i(makes)g(no)e(v)o(alue)i
(judgement!\))-5 2477 y Fc(Note)-5 2566 y Fk(The)e(similarity)e(to)h
(unix)g(and)g(other)g(disk)g(operating)g(system)h(\256lename)g(con)n(v)
o(entions)f(should)g(be)h(taken)f(as)h(purely)f(coincidental,)-5
2616 y(and)j(should)e(not)g(be)i(taken)f(to)f(indicate)h(that)g(URIs)g
(should)f(be)h(interpreted)g(as)g(\256le)h(names.)-5
2723 y Fi(4.2.3)49 b(Hash)14 b(f)o(or)g(Fragment)g(Identi\256er)o(s)-5
2812 y Fk(The)d(hash)f(\("#",)g(ASCII)f(23)h(he)o(x\))g(character)h(is)
f(reserv)o(ed)h(as)f(a)h(delimiter)d(to)i(separate)h(the)e(URI)h(of)f
(an)i(object)e(from)h(a)g(fragment)-5 2862 y(identi\256er)g(.)-5
2968 y(4)1664 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 5 9
5 8 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fi(4.2.4)49 b(Query)14 b(strings)-5
402 y Fk(The)c(question)e(mark)i(\("?",)g(ASCII)f(3F)g(he)o(x\))g(is)g
(used)h(to)e(delimit)g(the)h(boundary)f(between)i(the)f(URI)g(of)g(a)h
(queryable)f(object,)g(and)-5 452 y(a)k(set)g(of)f(words)g(used)g(to)g
(e)o(xpress)i(a)f(query)f(on)g(that)g(object.)21 b(When)13
b(this)e(form)i(is)f(used,)h(the)g(combined)f(URI)g(stands)g(for)g(the)
-5 502 y(object)e(which)g(results)g(from)g(the)g(query)g(being)f
(applied)h(to)g(the)g(original)e(object.)-5 562 y(W)n(ithin)h(the)h
(query)f(string,)g(the)h(plus)f(sign)g(is)g(reserv)o(ed)i(as)g
(shorthand)e(notation)f(for)h(a)h(space.)17 b(Therefore,)11
b(real)f(plus)f(signs)g(must)-5 612 y(be)i(encoded.)16
b(This)10 b(method)g(was)g(used)h(to)e(make)i(query)f(URIs)g(easier)h
(to)f(pass)h(in)e(systems)i(which)f(did)g(not)f(allo)o(w)h(spaces.)-5
673 y(The)h(query)e(string)g(represents)h(some)g(operation)f(applied)g
(to)g(the)h(object,)g(b)o(ut)f(this)g(speci\256cation)h(gi)o(v)o(es)g
(no)f(common)h(syntax)f(or)-5 722 y(semantics)i(for)f(it.)15
b(In)10 b(practice)g(the)g(syntax)g(and)g(sematics)i(may)f(depend)f(on)
g(the)g(scheme)i(and)e(may)h(e)o(v)o(en)g(on)f(the)g(base)h(URI.)-5
829 y Fi(4.2.5)49 b(Unsafe)12 b(character)o(s)-5 918
y Fk(The)h(URI)f(speci\256cation)h(speci\256es)g(that)f(in)g(canonical)
g(form,)i(certain)e(characters)i(such)e(as)i(spaces,)g(control)d
(characters,)k(and)-5 967 y(some)10 b(characters)h(whose)f(ASCII)f
(code)h(is)f(used)g(dif)o(ferently)f(in)h(dif)o(ferent)f(national)h
(character)h(v)o(ariant)f(7)g(bit)g(sets,)h(are)g(not)f(used)-5
1017 y(unencoded.)24 b(This)13 b(is)g(a)h(recommendation)f(for)f
(trouble-free)h(interchange,)g(and)h(as)f(indicated)g(belo)o(w)m(,)h
(the)f(safe)h(set)f(may)h(be)-5 1067 y(under)c(certain)h(circumstances)
g(e)o(xtended)g(or)f(reduced.)-5 1174 y Fi(4.3)49 b(Encoding)16
b(reserved)e(character)o(s)-5 1272 y Fk(When)c(a)g(system)g(uses)g(a)f
(local)h(addressing)f(scheme,)i(it)e(is)g(useful)g(to)g(pro)o(vide)f(a)
i(mapping)f(from)g(local)g(addresses)i(into)d(URIs)h(so)-5
1321 y(that)g(references)j(to)d(objects)g(within)f(the)i(addressing)f
(scheme)j(may)e(be)g(referred)g(to)f(globally)m(,)g(and)h(possibly)e
(accessed)k(through)-5 1371 y(gate)o(way)e(serv)o(ers.)-5
1432 y(F)o(or)16 b(a)h(ne)o(w)f(naming)g(scheme,)j(an)o(y)d(mapping)f
(scheme)j(may)e(be)h(de\256ned)f(pro)o(vided)f(it)g(is)h(unambiguous,)g
(re)o(v)o(ersible,)i(and)-5 1482 y(pro)o(vides)10 b(v)o(alid)g(URIs.)16
b(It)11 b(is)f(recommended)i(that)e(where)h(hierarchical)g(aspects)h
(to)e(the)g(local)h(naming)f(scheme)i(e)o(xist,)f(the)o(y)g(be)-5
1532 y(mapped)g(onto)e(the)h(hierarchical)h(URL)f(path)g(syntax)g(in)f
(order)h(to)g(allo)o(w)g(the)g(partial)f(form)h(to)g(be)g(used.)-5
1592 y(It)k(is)h(also)g(recommended)h(that)e(the)g(con)n(v)o(entional)g
(scheme)i(belo)o(w)f(be)g(used)g(in)f(all)g(cases)i(e)o(xcept)g(for)e
(an)o(y)h(scheme)i(which)-5 1642 y(encodes)12 b(binary)d(data)i(as)g
(opposed)f(to)g(te)o(xt,)g(in)g(which)g(case)i(a)f(more)g(compact)g
(encoding)e(such)i(as)g(pure)f(he)o(xadecimal)i(or)e(base)-5
1692 y(64)i(might)f(be)h(more)g(appropriate.)19 b(F)o(or)12
b(e)o(xample,)i(the)e(con)n(v)o(entional)f(URI)g(encoding)h(method)f
(is)h(used)g(for)f(mapping)h(W)-5 b(AIS,)-5 1742 y(FTP)g(,)12
b(Prospero)e(and)g(Gopher)g(addresses)i(in)d(the)h(URI)g
(speci\256cation.)-5 1848 y Fi(4.3.1)49 b(Con)n(ventional)14
b(URI)g(encoding)h(scheme)-5 1937 y Fk(Where)10 b(the)f(local)f(naming)
h(scheme)i(uses)e(ASCII)g(characters)h(which)e(are)i(not)e(allo)o(wed)h
(in)f(the)h(URI,)g(these)g(may)g(be)h(represented)-5
1987 y(in)f(the)g(URL)g(by)g(a)g(percent)g(sign)g("\045")f(immediately)
h(follo)o(wed)f(by)h(two)f(he)o(xadecimal)i(digits)d(\(0-9,)i(A-F\))g
(gi)o(ving)e(the)i(ISO)g(Latin)-5 2036 y(1)h(code)h(for)f(that)f
(character)n(.)17 b(Character)10 b(codes)h(other)f(than)g(those)f(allo)
o(wed)h(by)g(the)g(syntax)g(shall)g(not)f(be)h(used)h(unencoded)f(in)g
(a)-5 2086 y(URI.)-5 2193 y Fi(4.3.2)49 b(Reduced)14
b(or)h(increased)e(safe)f(character)h(sets)-5 2281 y
Fk(The)c(same)h(encoding)e(method)g(may)h(be)g(used)f(for)g(encoding)g
(characters)i(whose)e(use,)i(although)d(technically)g(allo)o(wed)h(in)g
(a)h(URI,)-5 2331 y(would)e(be)h(unwise)g(due)g(to)f(problems)h(of)f
(corruption)f(by)i(imperfect)g(gate)o(ways)g(or)f(misrepresentation)h
(due)g(to)f(the)h(use)g(of)g(v)o(ariant)-5 2381 y(character)k(sets,)g
(or)e(which)h(would)e(simply)h(be)h(a)o(wkward)g(in)f(a)h(gi)o(v)o(en)f
(en)n(vironment.)16 b(Because)c(a)g(\045)e(sign)g(always)g(indicates)h
(an)-5 2431 y(encoded)e(character)n(,)i(a)e(URI)f(may)h(be)g(made)h
("safer")f(simply)f(by)g(encoding)g(an)o(y)h(characters)h(considered)e
(unsafe,)i(while)e(lea)o(ving)-5 2481 y(already)i(encoded)g(characters)
h(still)d(encoded.)15 b(Similarly)m(,)10 b(in)e(cases)k(where)e(a)g
(lar)o(ger)g(set)g(of)f(characters)i(is)e(acceptable,)i(\045)f(signs)-5
2530 y(can)h(be)g(selecti)o(v)o(ely)f(and)g(re)o(v)o(ersibly)g(e)o
(xpanded.)-5 2591 y(Before)h(two)e(URIs)h(can)h(be)f(compared,)i(it)d
(is)h(therefore)h(necessary)g(to)f(bring)f(them)h(to)g(the)g(same)i
(encoding)d(le)o(v)o(el.)-5 2652 y(Ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n(,)k(the)f(reserv)
o(ed)g(characters)h(mentioned)e(abo)o(v)o(e)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(quite)e
(dif)o(ferent)h(signi\256cance)h(when)f(encoded,)i(and)e(so)h(may)-5
2702 y(NEVER)f(be)g(encoded)f(and)h(unencoded)f(in)f(this)h(way)m(.)-5
2762 y(The)g(percent)f(sign)f(intended)g(as)i(such)f(must)f(always)h
(be)g(encoded,)h(as)g(its)e(presence)i(otherwise)e(always)h(indicates)f
(an)h(encoding.)-5 2812 y(Sequences)15 b(which)f(start)f(with)g(a)h
(percent)g(sign)f(b)o(ut)g(are)i(not)e(follo)o(wed)f(by)h(two)g(he)o
(xadecimal)i(characters)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed)g(for)-5
2862 y(future)10 b(e)o(xtension.)15 b(\(see)c(e)o(xample)g(3)f(\))-5
2968 y(Berners-Lee)1665 b(5)p eop
%%Page: 6 10
6 9 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fc(Example)h(1)-5 402 y Fk(The)f(URIs)-5
486 y Fb(http://info.cern.ch/albert/bertram/marie-)o(claude)-5
630 y Fk(and)-5 714 y Fb(http://info.cern.ch/albert/bertram/marie\045)o
(2Dclaude)-5 858 y Fk(are)g(identical,)f(as)h(the)f(\0452D)g(encodes)h
(a)g(hyphen)e(character)n(.)-5 957 y Fc(Example)j(2)-5
1047 y Fk(The)f(URIs)45 1130 y Fb
(http://info.cern.ch/albert/bertram/mari)o(e-claude)-5
1274 y Fk(and)45 1358 y Fb(http://info.cern.ch/albert/bertram\0452Fma)o
(rie-claude)-5 1502 y Fk(are)g(NO)n(T)g(identical,)f(as)h(in)f(the)g
(second)g(case)i(the)e(encoded)h(slash)f(does)h(not)e(ha)o(v)o(e)j
(hierarchical)e(signi\256cance.)-5 1602 y Fc(Example)i(3)-5
1691 y Fk(The)f(URIs)-5 1774 y Fb
(fxqn:/us/va/reston/cnri/ietf/24/asdf\045*.fr)o(ed)-5
1919 y Fk(and)-5 2002 y Fb(news:12345667123\045asdghfh@info.cern.ch)-5
2146 y Fk(are)17 b(ille)o(gal,)h(as)f(all)f(\045)g(characters)i(imply)d
(encodings,)j(and)f(there)f(is)g(no)g(decoding)g(de\256ned)h(for)f
("\045*")g(or)g("\045as")g(in)g(this)-5 2196 y(recommendation.)-5
2304 y Fi(4.4)49 b(P)o(ar)q(tial)13 b(\(relative\))e(f)o(orm)-5
2402 y Fk(W)n(ithin)h(a)h(object)f(whose)h(URI)g(is)f(well)h
(de\256ned,)h(the)e(URI)h(of)f(another)g(object)h(may)g(be)g(gi)o(v)o
(en)f(in)h(abbre)o(viated)f(form,)i(where)-5 2452 y(parts)c(of)g(the)g
(two)g(URIs)g(are)h(the)f(same.)17 b(This)10 b(allo)o(ws)g(objects)g
(within)e(a)j(group)e(to)h(refer)h(to)e(each)j(other)d(without)g
(requiring)f(the)-5 2502 y(space)13 b(for)e(a)h(complete)f(reference,)j
(and)d(it)g(incidentally)e(allo)o(ws)i(the)g(group)f(of)h(objects)g(to)
g(be)h(mo)o(v)o(ed)g(without)d(changing)i(an)o(y)-5 2552
y(references.)17 b(This)9 b(is)f(not)h(discussed)g(in)f(detail)h(here,)
h(it)e(is)h(only)f(mentioned)g(so)h(that)g(the)f(characters)j(required)
d(by)h(the)g(technique)-5 2602 y(be)j(reserv)o(ed)g(for)e(that)h
(purpose.)17 b(It)11 b(must)g(be)g(emphasized)h(that)e(when)i(a)f
(reference)i(is)e(passed)g(in)g(an)o(ything)f(other)g(than)h(a)h(well)
-5 2651 y(controlled)d(conte)o(xt,)h(the)g(full)f(form)i(must)f(always)
f(be)i(used.)-5 2713 y(In)g(the)f(W)m(orld-W)n(ide)g(W)m(eb)h
(applications,)f(the)h(conte)o(xt)f(URI)g(is)h(that)f(of)h(the)f
(document)h(or)f(object)h(containing)e(a)i(reference.)18
b(In)-5 2762 y(this)12 b(case)i(partial)e(URIs)g(can)h(be)g(generated)g
(in)f(virtual)f(objects)h(or)g(stored)g(in)g(real)h(objects,)g(without)
d(the)j(need)g(for)f(dramatic)-5 2812 y(change)i(if)f(the)h(higher)o
(-order)e(parts)h(of)h(a)g(hierarchical)f(naming)g(system)h(are)h
(modi\256ed.)24 b(Apart)13 b(from)h(terseness,)h(this)e(gi)o(v)o(es)-5
2862 y(greater)e(rob)o(ustness)f(to)f(practical)i(systems,)g(by)f
(enabling)f(information)g(hiding)f(between)j(system)f(components.)-5
2968 y(6)1664 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 7 11
7 10 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a(The)h(partial)e(form)h(relies)h(on)e(a)i(property)e
(of)h(the)g(URI)g(syntax)f(that)h(certain)g(characters)i(\("/"\))d(and)
h(certain)h(path)e(elements)i(\("..",)-5 363 y("."\))j(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)g
(signi\256cance)f(reserv)o(ed)h(for)f(representing)f(a)h(hierarchical)g
(space,)j(and)d(must)g(be)g(recognized)g(as)h(such)f(by)f(both)-5
413 y(clients)d(and)g(serv)o(ers.)-5 476 y(A)h(partial)e(form)i(can)g
(be)g(distinguished)d(from)i(an)h(absolute)f(form)g(in)g(that)f(the)i
(latter)f(must)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)g(colon)f(and)h(that)f(colon)f(must)-5
526 y(occur)k(before)g(an)o(y)g(slash)g(characters.)25
b(Systems)13 b(not)f(requiring)f(partial)h(forms)h(should)e(not)h(use)h
(an)o(y)h(unencoded)e(slashes)i(in)-5 575 y(their)c(naming)g(schemes.)
-5 639 y(The)h(rules)f(for)g(the)g(use)h(of)f(a)h(partial)e(name)i
(relati)o(v)o(e)g(to)e(the)h(URI)g(of)g(the)g(conte)o(xt)g(are:)58
737 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(If)11 b(the)g(scheme)h(parts)f(are)h(dif)o
(ferent,)e(the)h(whole)g(absolute)f(URI)h(must)g(be)g(gi)o(v)o(en.)17
b(Otherwise,)12 b(the)e(scheme)j(is)e(omitted,)99 787
y(and:)58 875 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(If)13 b(the)h(partial)e(URI)h(starts)h
(with)e(a)i(non-zero)f(number)h(of)f(consecuti)o(v)o(e)h(slashes,)h
(then)e(e)o(v)o(erything)g(from)g(the)g(conte)o(xt)99
925 y(URI)c(up)g(to)g(\(b)o(ut)g(not)g(including\))e(the)i(\256rst)g
(occurrence)i(of)e(e)o(xactly)h(the)g(same)g(number)g(of)f(consecuti)o
(v)o(e)h(slashes)g(is)g(taken)99 975 y(to)g(be)g(the)g(same)i(and)e(so)
h(prepended)f(to)g(the)g(partial)f(URL)i(to)e(form)h(the)g(full)f(URL.)
i(Otherwise:)58 1062 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(The)14 b(last)f(part)h(of)f(the)
g(path)g(of)g(the)h(conte)o(xt)f(URI)g(\(an)o(ything)f(follo)o(wing)f
(the)i(rightmost)f(slash\))i(is)f(remo)o(v)o(ed,)j(and)d(the)99
1112 y(gi)o(v)o(en)d(partial)f(URI)h(appended)h(in)e(its)h(place,)h
(and)g(then:)58 1200 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(W)n(ithin)13 b(the)h(result,)g
(all)g(occurrences)h(of)f("xxx/../")f(or)h("/.")g(are)h(recursi)o(v)o
(ely)e(remo)o(v)o(ed,)k(where)d(xxx,)h("..")g(and)f(".")g(are)99
1250 y(complete)d(path)e(elements.)-5 1356 y Ff(Note)42
b Fk(If)11 b(a)h(path)e(of)h(the)h(conte)o(xt)f(locator)f(ends)i(in)e
(slash,)i(partial)f(URIs)g(are)h(treated)f(dif)o(ferently)f(to)g(the)i
(URI)e(with)h(the)g(same)-5 1406 y(path)f(b)o(ut)g(without)e(a)j
(trailing)d(slash.)15 b(The)c(trailing)e(slash)h(indicates)g(a)h(v)o
(oid)e(se)o(gment)i(of)f(the)g(path.)-5 1512 y Fc(Examples)-5
1604 y Fk(In)g(the)g(conte)o(xt)g(of)g(URI)-5 1689 y
Fb(magic://a/b/c//d/e/f)-5 1838 y Fk(the)g(partial)g(URIs)g(would)f(e)o
(xpand)h(as)h(follo)o(ws:)-5 1911 y Ff(g)407 b Fk(magic://a/b/c//d/e/g)
-5 1965 y Ff(/g)395 b Fk(magic://a/g)-5 2019 y Ff(//g)383
b Fk(magic://g)-5 2073 y Ff(../g)375 b Fk(magic://a/b/c//d/g)-5
2127 y Ff(g:a)d Fk(g:a)-5 2200 y(and)11 b(in)e(the)h(conte)o(xt)g(of)g
(the)g(URI)-5 2285 y Fb(magic://a/b/c//d/e/)-5 2434 y
Fk(the)g(results)g(would)f(be)h(e)o(xactly)h(the)f(same.)-5
2548 y Fi(4.5)49 b(Fragment-id)-5 2649 y Fk(This)10 b(represents)h(a)f
(part)g(of,)g(fragment)g(of,)g(or)f(a)i(sub-function)d(within,)h(an)h
(object)f(.)16 b(Its)9 b(syntax)h(and)g(semantics)g(are)h(de\256ned)g
(by)-5 2699 y(the)f(application)f(responsible)g(for)g(the)h(object,)g
(or)f(the)h(speci\256cation)g(of)g(the)g(content)f(type)g(of)h(the)g
(object.)k(The)d(only)e(de\256nition)-5 2749 y(here)i(is)f(of)g(the)g
(allo)o(wed)g(characters)i(by)d(which)h(it)g(may)h(be)f(represented)h
(in)f(a)g(URL.)-5 2812 y(Speci\256c)17 b(syntax)o(es)f(for)f
(representing)g(fragments)h(in)f(te)o(xt)g(documents)h(by)f(line)g(and)
g(character)i(range,)h(or)d(in)g(graphics)h(by)-5 2862
y(coordinates,)10 b(or)g(in)g(structured)f(documents)i(using)e
(ladders,)i(are)g(suitable)e(for)h(standardization)f(b)o(ut)h(not)f
(de\256ned)i(here.)-5 2968 y(Berners-Lee)1665 b(7)p eop
%%Page: 8 12
8 11 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a(The)f(fragment-id)d(follo)o(ws)g(the)i(URL)f
(of)h(the)f(whole)g(object)g(from)h(which)f(it)g(is)g(separated)h(by)g
(a)g(hash)g(sign)e(\(#\).)15 b(If)8 b(the)g(fragment-)-5
363 y(id)k(is)g(v)o(oid,)h(the)f(hash)g(sign)g(may)h(be)g(omitted:)k(A)
c(v)o(oid)e(fragment-id)g(with)h(or)g(without)e(the)i(hash)h(sign)f
(means)h(that)f(the)g(URL)-5 413 y(refers)f(to)f(the)g(whole)g(object.)
-5 473 y(While)h(this)f(hook)f(is)i(allo)o(wed)f(for)h
(identi\256cation)e(of)h(fragments,)i(the)e(question)g(of)g(addressing)
h(of)f(parts)h(of)f(objects,)h(or)g(of)f(the)-5 523 y(grouping)e(of)h
(objects)h(and)f(relationship)f(between)i(continued)f(and)g(containing)
f(objects,)i(is)g(not)e(addressed)j(by)e(this)g(document.)-5
584 y(Fragment)j(identi\256ers)e(do)g(NO)n(T)i(address)g(the)f
(question)f(of)g(objects)h(which)g(are)g(dif)o(ferent)f(v)o(ersions)h
(of)g(a)h("li)o(ving")d(object,)i(nor)-5 634 y(of)f(e)o(xpressing)h
(the)f(relationships)e(between)j(dif)o(ferent)e(v)o(ersions)h(and)h
(the)f(li)o(ving)e(object.)-5 694 y(There)k(is)e(no)h(implication)e
(that)h(a)h(fragment)f(identi\256er)g(refers)h(to)g(an)o(ything)e
(which)h(can)i(be)f(e)o(xtracted)g(as)g(an)g(object)f(in)h(its)f(o)o
(wn)-5 744 y(right.)k(It)c(may)m(,)h(for)f(e)o(xample,)i(refer)f(to)e
(an)i(indi)o(visible)c(point)i(within)g(an)h(object.)-5
2968 y(8)1664 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 9 13
9 12 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(5.)15 b(Speci\256c)f(Schemes)-5
415 y Fk(The)i(mapping)f(for)f(URIs)h(onto)f(some)i(e)o(xisting)e
(standard)h(and)h(e)o(xperimental)f(protocols)f(is)h(outlined)e(in)i
(the)g(BNF)g(syntax)-5 465 y(de\256nition)9 b(.)15 b(Notes)10
b(on)g(particular)f(protocols)g(follo)o(w)m(.)14 b(These)e(URIs)e(are)h
(frequently)d(referred)j(to)f(as)h(URLs,)f(though)f(the)h(e)o(xact)-5
514 y(de\256nition)f(of)h(the)g(term)g(URL)h(is)f(still)e(under)i
(discussion)g(\(March)g(1993\).)k(The)d(schemes)h(co)o(v)o(ered)g(are:)
-5 584 y Ff(http)354 b Fk(Hyperte)o(xt)9 b(T)o(ransfer)i(Protocol)-5
638 y Ff(ftp)377 b Fk(File)10 b(T)o(ransfer)g(protocol)-5
692 y Ff(gopher)304 b Fk(Gopher)10 b(protocol)-5 746
y Ff(mailto)313 b Fk(Electronic)10 b(mail)g(address)-5
800 y Ff(news)341 b Fk(Usenet)10 b(ne)o(ws)-5 854 y Ff(telnet)h(,)g
(rlogin)e(and)h(tn3270)g Fk(Reference)h(to)f(interacti)o(v)o(e)g
(sessions)-5 908 y Ff(wais)349 b Fk(W)n(ide)10 b(Area)h(Information)e
(Serv)o(ers)-5 978 y(The)g(follo)o(wing)d(schemes)k(are)f(proposed)f
(as)h(essential)f(to)g(the)g(uni\256cation)f(of)h(the)g(web)h(with)e
(electronic)h(mail,)h(b)o(ut)f(not)f(currently)-5 1028
y(\(to)j(the)g(author')n(s)f(kno)o(wledge\))g(implemented:)-5
1098 y Ff(mid)358 b Fk(Message)11 b(identi\256ers)f(for)f(electronic)i
(mail)-5 1152 y Ff(cid)375 b Fk(Content)9 b(identi\256ers)g(for)h(MIME)
g(body)f(part)-5 1222 y(The)16 b(schemes)h(for)e(x.500,)h(network)e
(management)j(database,)h(and)d(whois++)g(ha)o(v)o(e)i(not)d(been)i
(speci\256ed)g(and)f(may)h(be)f(the)-5 1272 y(subject)c(of)g(further)f
(study)m(.)18 b(Schemes)12 b(for)f(Prospero)g(,)h(and)f(restricted)g
(NNTP)h(use)f(are)h(not)e(currently)h(implemented)g(as)h(far)e(as)-5
1322 y(the)g(author)g(is)g(a)o(ware.)-5 1382 y(The)i("urn")f(pre\256x)h
(is)f(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e(use)h(in)f(encoding)g(a)h(Uniform)e(Resource)
i(Name)h(when)f(that)f(has)h(been)g(de)o(v)o(eloped)f(by)g(the)-5
1432 y(IETF)g(working)e(group.)-5 1492 y(Ne)o(w)i(schemes)h(may)f(be)f
(re)o(gistered)h(at)f(a)h(later)f(time.)-5 1597 y Fi(5.1)49
b(HTTP)-5 1695 y Fk(The)8 b(HTTP)h(protocol)c(speci\256es)k(that)e(the)
g(path)g(is)g(handled)g(transparently)f(by)h(those)g(who)g(handle)g
(URLs,)i(e)o(xcept)f(for)f(the)g(serv)o(ers)-5 1744 y(which)14
b(de-reference)i(them.)27 b(The)15 b(path)f(is)g(passed)h(by)f(the)g
(client)g(to)g(the)g(serv)o(er)h(with)e(an)o(y)i(request,)h(b)o(ut)d
(is)h(not)g(otherwise)-5 1794 y(understood)f(by)g(the)h(client.)25
b(The)15 b(fragmentid)e(part)g(is)h(not)f(sent)h(with)f(the)g(request.)
26 b(The)15 b(search)g(part,)g(if)e(present,)i(is)f(sent.)-5
1844 y(Spaces)e(and)e(control)f(characters)j(in)e(URLs)g(must)g(be)h
(escaped)h(for)d(transmission)h(in)f(HTTP)-5 b(.)-5 1949
y Fi(5.2)49 b(FTP)-5 2047 y Fk(The)11 b(ftp:)i(pre\256x)d(indicates)g
(a)h(\256le)f(which)f(is)h(to)f(be)i(picked)e(up)h(from)g(the)f(\256le)
i(system)f(of)g(the)f(gi)o(v)o(en)h(host.)15 b(The)10
b(FTP)h(protocol)d(is)-5 2097 y(used,)13 b(as)f(de\256ned)f(in)g
(RFC957)g(or)g(an)o(y)h(successor)n(.)19 b(The)12 b(port)f(number)n(,)h
(if)f(present,)h(gi)o(v)o(es)g(the)f(port)f(of)h(the)h(FTP)g(serv)o(er)
g(if)f(not)-5 2146 y(the)f(FTP)h(default.)j(\(A)c(client)g(may)h(in)e
(practice)i(use)g(local)f(\256le)g(access)i(to)e(retrie)o(v)o(e)g
(objects)g(which)g(are)h(a)o(v)o(ailable)f(though)f(more)-5
2196 y(ef)o(\256cient)i(means)g(such)g(as)g(local)f(\256le)g(open)g(or)
g(NFS)h(mounting,)d(where)j(this)f(is)g(a)o(v)o(ailable)g(and)g(equi)o
(v)o(alent\).)-5 2256 y(The)j(syntax)f(allo)o(ws)g(for)g(the)h
(inclusion)e(of)h(a)h(user)g(name)g(and)g(e)o(v)o(en)g(a)g(password)f
(for)g(those)g(systems)h(which)g(do)f(not)f(use)i(the)-5
2306 y(anon)o(ymous)8 b(FTP)g(con)n(v)o(ention.)13 b(The)8
b(default,)g(ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n(,)h(if)e(no)g(user)h(or)f(password)g
(is)g(supplied,)g(will)f(be)i(to)f(use)h(that)e(con)n(v)o(ention,)-5
2356 y(viz.)15 b(that)10 b(the)g(user)h(name)g(is)f("anon)o(ymous")g
(and)g(the)g(password)g(the)g(user')n(s)h(Internet-style)d(mail)i
(address.)-5 2416 y(The)g(FTP)g(protocol)d(allo)o(ws)h(for)h(a)g
(sequence)i(of)d(CWD)h(commands)h(\(change)g(working)d(directory\))g
(prior)h(to)h(a)g(RETR)g(\(retrie)o(v)o(e\))-5 2466 y(which)i(actually)
h(accesses)i(a)e(\256le.)19 b(The)12 b(ar)o(guments)g(of)g(an)o(y)g
(CWD)f(commands)i(are)f(successi)o(v)o(e)h(se)o(gment)g(parts)e(of)g
(the)h(URL,)-5 2516 y(and)f(the)f(\256lename)h(ar)o(gument)f(to)g(the)g
(RETR)h(command)g(is)f(the)g(\256nal)g(se)o(gment)h(of)f(the)g(URL)h
(path.)-5 2613 y Ff(Note)42 b Fk(In)11 b(the)g(case)h(in)f(which)g(the)
g(\256le)g(system)h(of)e(the)h(serv)o(er)h(is)f(kno)o(wn)g(or)g
(guessed)g(by)g(the)g(client,)g(the)g(path)g(may)h(possibly)-5
2663 y(con)n(v)o(erted)f(into)f(a)h(\256lename.)18 b(This)10
b(may)i(\(in)e(some)h(cases\))h(allo)o(w)e(the)h(\256le)g(to)f(be)h
(retrie)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f(one)g(RETR)h(command)h(with)e(no)-5
2713 y(CWD)i(command.)19 b(In)11 b(the)g(case)i(of)e(unix,)g(the)g
(\256lename)h(will)e(in)h(fact)g(look)f(the)i(same)g(as)g(the)f(URI)g
(path.)18 b(This)12 b(must)f(NO)n(T)h(be)-5 2762 y(taken)d(to)g
(indicate)g(that)f(the)i(URL)f(is)g(a)h(unix)e(\256lename.)16
b(In)9 b(practice,)h(as)g(man)o(y)g(FTP)g(serv)o(ers)h(in)d(fact)i(ha)o
(v)o(e)g(or)f(emulate)h(unix)e(\256le)-5 2812 y(systems,)k(it)e(may)h
(in)f(fact)h(be)g(time-ef)o(\256cient)g(to)f(attempt)g(\256rst)h(a)g
(direct)f(retrie)o(v)o(al)g(guessing)g(unix)g(syntax,)h(and,)g(if)f
(that)g(fails,)h(to)-5 2862 y(attempt)f(the)g(of)o(\256cial)g(sequence)
i(of)e(succession)h(of)f(directory)f(changes)i(follo)o(wed)e(by)h(a)h
(RETR)f(command.)-5 2968 y(Berners-Lee)1665 b(9)p eop
%%Page: 10 14
10 13 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a(There)j(is)e(no)g(common)h(hierarchical)g
(model)f(to)g(the)h(FTP)g(protocol,)f(so)h(if)f(a)h(directory)e(change)
j(command)f(has)g(been)g(gi)o(v)o(en,)-5 363 y(it)e(is)g(impossible)g
(in)g(general)h(to)e(deduce)j(what)e(sequence)i(should)d(be)i(gi)o(v)o
(en)f(to)g(na)o(vigate)g(to)g(another)g(directory)g(for)g(a)h(second)-5
413 y(retrie)o(v)o(al,)20 b(if)d(the)h(paths)f(are)i(dif)o(ferent.)37
b(The)18 b(only)f(reliable)h(algorithm)e(is)i(to)f(disconnect)g(and)h
(reestablish)g(the)f(control)-5 463 y(connection.)e(Ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n
(,)d(if)e(no)g(directory)g(changes)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(been)f(made,)h(b)o
(ut)d(direct)i(retrie)o(v)o(al)e(has)i(been)g(done,)g(then)f(the)g
(control)-5 512 y(connection)k(may)g(be)g(kept.)26 b(Another)13
b(possible)g(unin)n(v)o(estigated)g(method)h(is)g(to)f(use)h(CDUP)g(on)
g(the)g(trial)f(assumption)g(of)h(a)-5 562 y(hierarchical)d(structure)e
(to)h(return)f(a)i(point)e(in)h(common)g(between)h(the)f(\256rst)g(and)
g(second)h(URLs.)-5 621 y(\(This)f(note)f(pre)o(viously)e(read:)15
b("The)10 b(adoption)e(of)h(a)h(unix-style)e(syntax)h(in)n(v)o(olv)o
(es)g(the)h(con)n(v)o(ersion)f(into)f(non-unix)g(local)h(forms)-5
670 y(by)h(either)g(the)h(client)f(or)g(serv)o(er)n(.)16
b(Some)11 b(non-unix)e(serv)o(ers)i(do)g(this,)f(b)o(ut)f(clients)h
(wishing)f(to)h(access)j(sites)d(which)g(do)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)-5
720 y(unix-style)j(naming)h(will)e(need)j(certain)g(algorithms)d(to)i
(enable)h(other)e(\256le)i(systems)g(to)e(be)i(identi\256ed)e(and)h
(treated.)28 b(Client)-5 770 y(software)12 b(may)g(also)f(ha)o(v)o(e)i
(to)e(be)h(\257e)o(xible)f(in)h(terms)f(of)h(the)f(sequence)i(of)e(FTP)
i(commands)f(used)g(with)f(dif)o(ferent)f(v)o(arieties)h(of)-5
820 y(serv)o(er)n(.)27 b(In)13 b(vie)o(w)h(of)g(a)g(tendenc)o(y)g(for)f
(\256le)h(systems)h(to)e(look)g(increasingly)g(similar)n(,)i(it)e(was)h
(felt)f(that)g(the)h(URL)g(con)n(v)o(ention)-5 870 y(should)9
b(not)h(be)g(weighed)g(do)o(wn)g(by)g(e)o(xtra)h(mechanisms)g(for)f
(identifying)e(these)i(cases.")i(\))-5 964 y Ff(Note)42
b Fk(The)11 b(data)g(format)f(of)g(a)i(\256le)e(can)i(only)m(,)e(in)g
(the)g(general)h(FTP)g(case,)i(be)e(deduced)g(from)f(the)g(name,)j
(normally)c(the)i(suf)o(\256x)-5 1014 y(of)e(the)g(name.)16
b(This)9 b(is)g(not)g(standardized.)15 b(An)9 b(alternati)o(v)o(e)g(is)
g(for)g(it)f(to)h(be)g(transferred)g(in)g(information)e(outside)i(the)g
(URL.)g(The)-5 1064 y(transfer)j(mode)f(\(binary)g(or)g(te)o(xt\))f
(must)i(in)e(turn)h(be)g(deduced)h(from)f(the)h(data)f(format.)18
b(It)11 b(is)g(recommended)i(that)e(con)n(v)o(entions)-5
1114 y(for)f(suf)o(\256x)o(es)h(of)f(public)f(archi)o(v)o(es)i(be)g
(established,)f(b)o(ut)f(it)h(is)g(outside)f(the)h(scope)h(of)f(this)g
(paper)n(.)-5 1216 y Fi(5.3)49 b(Gopher)-5 1312 y Fk(The)10
b(\256rst)e(character)i(of)f(the)f(URL)h(path)f(\(after)h(the)g
(initial)d(single)j(slash\))f(is)h(a)g(single-character)g("type")f
(\256eld)h(which)f(is)h(that)f(used)-5 1362 y(by)h(the)h(Gopher)f
(protocol.)k(The)e(rest)e(of)h(the)f(path)g(is)g(the)h("selector)f
(string",)g(with)g(disallo)o(wed)f(characters)j(encoded.)k(Note)10
b(that)-5 1412 y(some)h(selector)g(strings)e(be)o(gin)h(with)g(a)g
(copy)g(of)g(the)g(gopher)g(type)g(character)n(,)i(in)e(which)g(case)i
(that)e(character)h(will)e(occur)i(twice)-5 1462 y(consecuti)o(v)o(ely)
i(in)g(the)g(URL.)h(If)f(the)g(type)g(character)h(and)g(selector)f(are)
h(omitted,)f(the)h(type)e(defaults)h(to)f("1".)24 b(Gopher)13
b(links)-5 1511 y(which)c(refer)h(to)f(non-Gopher)f(protocols)g(are)i
(represented)g(directly)e(as)i(URLs)f(of)h(the)f(underlying)e(access)k
(method)e(and)h(are)g(not)-5 1561 y(represented)h(as)g(Gopher)f(URLs.)
-5 1619 y([Whether)i(e)o(xtensions)h(are)g(required,)f(and)h(if)e(so)i
(what,)g(for)f(Gopher+)g(is)g(under)g(discussion,)g(and)h(a)g(ne)o(w)f
(draft)g(e)o(xists..)22 b(-)12 b(tbl)-5 1669 y(3/93])-5
1772 y Fi(5.4)49 b(Mailto)-5 1868 y Fk(This)14 b(allo)o(ws)f(a)h(URL)f
(to)g(specify)g(an)h(RFC822)e(addr)o(-spec)j(mail)e(address.)25
b(Note)14 b(that)e(use)i(of)g(\045)f(,)h(for)f(e)o(xample)i(as)f(used)g
(in)-5 1918 y(forming)9 b(a)i(gate)o(wayed)f(mail)h(address,)g
(requires)f(con)n(v)o(ersion)g(to)g(\04525)f(in)h(a)h(URL.)-5
1976 y(This)g(semantics)h(may)f(be)h(considered)e(to)h(be)g(that)f(the)
h(object)f(referred)i(to)e(by)h(the)f(mailto:)15 b(URL)c(is)g(the)g
(set)g(of)f(messages)j(sent)-5 2026 y(to)f(or)g(from)g(that)g(address.)
22 b(There)13 b(is)f(no)g(algorithm)f(to)h(retrie)o(v)o(e)h(this)e
(set,)j(b)o(ut)d(the)h(SMTP)h(protocol)e(allo)o(ws)h(messages)i(to)e
(be)-5 2076 y(added)f(to)e(it,)h(and)h(an)o(y)f(gi)o(v)o(en)g(user)h
(may)g(be)f(a)o(ware)i(of)e(a)g(subset)h(of)f(its)f(members.)-5
2178 y Fi(5.5)49 b(Ne)o(ws)-5 2274 y Fk(The)11 b(ne)o(ws)g(locators)e
(refer)i(to)f(either)g(ne)o(ws)g(group)f(names)j(or)e(article)g
(message)i(identi\256ers)d(which)h(must)g(conform)g(to)f(the)h(rules)-5
2324 y(of)e(RFC)g(850.)14 b(A)8 b(message)i(identi\256er)d(may)i(be)f
(distinguished)e(from)i(a)g(ne)o(ws)h(group)e(name)i(by)f(the)g
(presence)h(of)f(the)g(commercial)-5 2374 y(at)j("@")f(character)n(.)17
b(These)12 b(rules)e(imply)f(that)h(within)f(an)h(article,)h(a)g
(reference)h(to)e(a)g(ne)o(ws)h(group)f(or)g(to)g(another)g(article)g
(will)f(be)-5 2424 y(a)i(v)o(alid)e(URL)i(\(in)e(the)h(partial)g
(form\).)-5 2482 y(A)16 b(ne)o(ws)h(URL)f(may)h(be)f(dereferenced)i
(using)d(NNTP)h(\(The)h(AR)n(TICLE)f(by)g(message-id)h(command\)or)f
(using)f(an)o(y)i(other)-5 2532 y(protocol)9 b(for)h(the)g(con)n(v)o(e)
o(yance)i(of)e(usenet)h(ne)o(ws)f(articles,)h(or)f(by)g(reference)i(to)
d(a)i(body)e(of)h(ne)o(ws)h(articles)f(already)h(recei)o(v)o(ed.)-5
2626 y Fc(Note1:)-5 2713 y Fk(Among)f(URLs)g(the)f("ne)o(ws")h(URLs)g
(are)h(anomalous)e(in)h(that)f(the)o(y)g(are)i(location-independent.)h
(The)o(y)f(are)g(unsuitable)d(as)i(URN)-5 2762 y(candidates)h(because)i
(the)e(NNTP)g(architecture)g(relies)g(on)f(the)h(e)o(xpiry)f(of)h
(articles)g(and)g(therefore)f(a)i(small)f(number)g(of)f(articles)-5
2812 y(being)h(a)o(v)o(ailable)g(at)h(an)o(y)g(time.)18
b(When)12 b(a)g(ne)o(ws:)17 b(URL)11 b(is)g(quoted,)g(the)h(assumption)
e(is)h(that)g(the)g(reader)i(will)d(fetch)h(the)g(article)-5
2862 y(or)f(group)f(from)i(his)e(or)h(her)h(local)f(ne)o(ws)g(host.)15
b(Ne)o(ws)c(host)e(names)j(are)f(NO)n(T)g(part)f(of)g(ne)o(ws)g(URLs.)
-5 2968 y(10)1643 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 11 15
11 14 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fc(Note)i(2:)-5 396 y Fk(An)f(outstanding)f(problem)g
(is)h(that)g(the)g(message)i(identi\256er)e(is)g(insuf)o(\256cient)f
(to)g(allo)o(w)h(the)g(retrie)o(v)o(al)g(of)g(an)g(e)o(xpired)h
(article,)f(as)-5 445 y(no)g(algorithm)f(e)o(xists)i(for)f(deri)o(ving)
f(an)i(archi)o(v)o(e)g(site)f(and)h(\256le)f(name.)21
b(The)12 b(addition)d(of)j(the)f(date)h(and)f(ne)o(ws)h(group)f(set)g
(to)g(the)-5 495 y(article')n(s)f(URL)h(would)d(allo)o(w)i(this)f(if)h
(a)h(directory)e(e)o(xisted)i(of)f(archi)o(v)o(e)h(sites)f(by)g(ne)o
(ws)h(group.)j(Suggested)c(subject)g(of)g(study)g(in)-5
545 y(conjunction)f(with)g(NNTP)h(working)e(group.)14
b(Further)c(e)o(xtension)g(possible)f(may)i(be)f(to)f(allo)o(w)h(the)g
(naming)g(of)f(subject)h(threads)-5 595 y(as)h(addressable)g(objects.)
-5 692 y Fi(5.5.1)49 b(NNTP)-5 775 y Fk(This)8 b(is)g(an)g(alternati)o
(v)o(e)g(form)f(of)h(reference)h(for)f(ne)o(ws)g(articles,)h
(speci\256cally)f(to)f(be)i(used)f(with)e(NNTP)j(serv)o(ers,)h(and)e
(particularly)-5 825 y(those)j(incomplete)f(serv)o(er)h
(implementations)f(which)g(do)g(not)g(allo)o(w)g(retrie)o(v)o(al)g(by)g
(message)i(identi\256er)n(.)j(In)c(all)f(other)g(cases)i(the)-5
874 y("ne)o(ws")f(scheme)h(should)d(be)h(used.)-5 929
y(The)j(ne)o(ws)f(serv)o(er)g(name,)i(ne)o(wsgroup)d(name,)i(and)f
(inde)o(x)f(number)h(of)g(an)g(article)f(within)f(the)i(ne)o(wsgroup)f
(on)g(that)g(particular)-5 979 y(serv)o(er)g(are)h(gi)o(v)o(en.)i(The)d
(NNTP)g(protocol)e(must)h(be)h(used.)-5 1068 y Fc(Note1.)-5
1150 y Fk(This)h(form)g(of)g(URL)h(is)f(not)f(of)h(global)f
(accessability)m(,)j(as)f(typically)d(NNTP)j(serv)o(ers)g(only)e(allo)o
(w)h(access)i(from)e(local)g(clients.)-5 1200 y(Note)e(that)g(the)g
(article)g(numbers)h(within)d(groups)h(v)o(ary)i(from)f(serv)o(er)h(to)
e(serv)o(er)n(.)-5 1254 y(This)h(form)f(or)g(URL)g(should)f(not)h(be)h
(quoted)e(outside)g(this)h(local)g(area.)16 b(It)9 b(should)f(not)h(be)
g(used)h(within)e(ne)o(ws)h(articles)h(for)f(wider)-5
1304 y(circulation)j(than)h(the)f(one)h(serv)o(er)n(.)25
b(This)13 b(is)f(a)i(local)f(identi\256er)f(for)g(a)i(resource)g(which)
e(is)h(often)f(a)o(v)o(ailable)i(globally)m(,)e(and)h(so)-5
1354 y(is)f(not)g(recommended)h(e)o(xcept)g(in)f(the)g(case)i(in)e
(which)f(incomplete)h(NNTP)h(implementations)e(on)h(the)g(local)g(serv)
o(er)h(force)g(its)-5 1404 y(adoption.)-5 1501 y Fi(5.6)49
b(T)m(elnet,)14 b(rlogin,)h(tn3270)-5 1593 y Fk(The)e(use)f(of)f(URLs)h
(to)f(represent)h(interacti)o(v)o(e)g(sessions)g(is)f(a)h(con)n(v)o
(enient)g(e)o(xtension)f(to)g(their)g(uses)i(for)e(objects.)19
b(This)12 b(allo)o(ws)-5 1643 y(access)f(to)d(information)e(systems)j
(which)f(only)f(pro)o(vide)h(an)g(interacti)o(v)o(e)h(service,)g(and)g
(no)f(information)e(serv)o(er)n(.)15 b(As)9 b(information)-5
1693 y(within)h(the)h(service)h(cannot)f(be)h(addressed)g(indi)o
(viduall)o(y)d(or)n(,)j(in)e(general,)j(automatically)d(retrie)o(v)o
(ed,)i(this)e(is)h(a)h(less)g(desirable,)-5 1742 y(though)d(currently)g
(common,)i(solution.)-5 1840 y Fi(5.7)49 b(URN)-5 1931
y Fk(The)19 b("Uni)o(v)o(ersal)e(Resource)h(Name")h(is)f(currently)f
(\(March)h(1993\))e(under)i(de)o(v)o(elopment)f(in)g(the)h(IETF)m(.)h
(A)e(requirements)-5 1981 y(speci\256cation)c(is)f(in)g(preparation.)21
b(It)12 b(currently)g(looks)f(as)i(though)e(it)h(will)f(be)i(a)g(short)
f(string)f(suitable)h(for)g(encoding)g(in)g(URI)-5 2031
y(syntax,)e(for)g(which)g(case)h(the)f("urn:")f(pre\256x)h(is)g(reserv)
o(ed.)16 b(The)11 b(URN)f(shall)g(be)g(encoded)h(precisely)f(as)g
(de\256ned)h(in)e(the)h(\(future\))-5 2081 y(URN)g(standard,)h(e)o
(xcept)g(in)e(that:)58 2156 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(If)9 b(the)g(of)o
(\256cial)g(description)f(of)i(the)f(URN)g(syntax)g(includes)g(an)o(y)g
(constant)g(wrapper)h(characters,)h(then)e(the)o(y)g(shall)g(not)g(be)
99 2206 y(omitted)g(from)h(the)g(URI)g(encoding)g(of)g(the)g(URN;)58
2283 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(If)10 b(the)g(URN)g(has)h(a)g(hierarchical)f
(nature,)h(then)e(the)h(slash)h(delimiter)e(shall)h(be)h(used)f(in)g
(the)g(URI)g(encoding;)58 2360 y Fa(\017)20 b Fk(If)c(the)g(URN)g(has)g
(a)h(hierarchical)f(nature,)i(the)e(most)g(signi\256cant)f(part)g
(shall)h(be)g(encoded)h(on)f(the)g(left)f(in)h(the)g(URI)99
2410 y(encoding;)58 2486 y Fa(\017)k Fk(An)o(y)10 b(characters)i(with)d
(reserv)o(ed)i(meanings)g(in)f(the)g(URI)g(syntax)f(shall)h(be)h
(escape)h(encoded)-5 2562 y(These)h(rules)d(of)h(course)h(apply)e(to)h
(an)o(y)g(URI)g(scheme.)19 b(It)10 b(is)h(of)g(course)h(possible)e
(that)g(the)h(URN)g(syntax)f(will)g(be)i(chosen)f(such)-5
2612 y(that)f(the)g(URI)g(encoding)f(will)g(be)i(a)g(1-1)e
(transcription.)-5 2666 y(An)h(e)o(xample)i(might)d(be)i(a)f(name)i
(such)e(as)-5 2737 y Fb(urn:/iana/dns/ch/cern/cn/techdoc/94/1642-)o(3)
-5 2862 y Fk(b)o(ut)g(the)g(reader)h(should)e(refer)i(to)f(the)g
(latest)g(URN)g(drafts)g(or)f(speci\256cations.)-5 2968
y(Berners-Lee)1645 b(11)p eop
%%Page: 12 16
12 15 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fi(5.8)49 b(W)m(AIS)-5 415 y
Fk(The)9 b(current)f(W)-5 b(AIS)8 b(implementation)f(public)g(domain)h
(requires)g(that)g(a)h(client)e(kno)o(w)h(the)g("type")f(of)h(a)h
(object)f(prior)f(to)g(retrie)o(v)o(al.)-5 465 y(This)k(v)o(alue)f(is)h
(returned)f(along)g(with)f(the)i(internal)e(object)h(identi\256er)g(in)
g(the)g(search)i(response.)17 b(It)10 b(has)h(been)g(encoded)g(into)e
(the)-5 514 y(path)i(part)h(of)f(the)g(URL)h(in)f(order)g(to)g(make)h
(the)g(URL)f(suf)o(\256cient)g(for)g(the)h(retrie)o(v)o(al)f(of)g(the)g
(object.)19 b(W)n(ithin)10 b(the)i(W)-5 b(AIS)11 b(world,)-5
564 y(names)h(do)e(not)f(of)h(course)h(need)f(to)g(be)h(pre\256x)o(ed)f
(by)g("wais:")g(\(by)g(the)g(partial)f(form)h(rules\).)-5
678 y Fi(5.9)49 b(Message-Id)-5 780 y Fk(F)o(or)12 b(systems)f(which)g
(include)g(information)e(transferred)i(using)f(mail)i(protocols,)e
(there)h(is)g(a)h(need)g(to)e(be)i(able)f(to)g(make)h(cross-)-5
830 y(references)e(between)f(dif)o(ferent)e(items)h(of)g(information,)f
(e)o(v)o(en)i(though,)e(by)h(the)g(nature)g(of)f(mail,)i(those)f(items)
g(are)h(only)e(a)o(v)o(ailable)-5 880 y(to)j(a)h(restricted)f(set)g(of)
g(people.)-5 943 y(T)m(wo)g(schemes)h(are)g(de\256ned.)k(The)c
(\256rst,)f("mid:",)g(refers)g(to)f(the)h(RFC822)f(Message-Id)i(of)e(a)
i(mail)e(message.)17 b(This)10 b(Identi\256er)f(is)-5
993 y(already)h(used)g(in)e(RFC822)h(in)f(for)h(e)o(xample)i(the)e
(References)i(and)e(In-Reply-to)f(\256eld)h(.)15 b(The)10
b(rest)f(of)h(the)f(URL)g(after)h(the)f("mid:")-5 1042
y(is)i(the)f(RFC822)f(msg-id)h(with)g(the)g(constant)g
Fe(<>)h Fk(wrapper)g(remo)o(v)o(ed,)h(lea)o(ving)e(an)g(identi\256er)g
(whose)g(format)h(in)f(fact)g(happens)-5 1092 y(to)g(be)h(the)f(same)h
(as)g(addr)o(-spec)g(format)f(for)g(mailbox)o(es)g(\(though)f(the)h
(semantics)h(are)g(dif)o(ferent\).)-5 1155 y(The)f(use)g(of)f(a)h
("mid")g(URL)f(implies)g(access)j(to)c(a)i(body)f(of)g(mail)h(already)f
(recei)o(v)o(ed.)16 b(If)10 b(a)g(message)h(has)f(been)g(distrib)o
(uted)d(using)-5 1205 y(NNTP)k(or)f(other)g(usenet)g(protocols)f(o)o(v)
o(er)i(the)f(ne)o(ws)h(system,)g(then)f(the)g("ne)o(ws:")g(form)g
(should)f(be)h(used.)-5 1319 y Fi(5.10)49 b(Content-Id)-5
1421 y Fk(The)13 b(second)g(scheme,)i("cid:",)d(is)h(similar)e(to)h
("mid:")g(,)h(b)o(ut)f(makes)h(reference)h(to)d(a)i(body)f(part)g(of)g
(a)h(MIME)f(message)i(by)e(the)-5 1471 y(v)o(alue)e(of)g(its)g
(content-id)e(\256eld.)16 b(This)10 b(allo)o(ws,)g(for)f(e)o(xample,)j
(a)f(master)g(document)f(being)f(the)h(\256rst)g(part)g(of)g(a)g
(multipart/related)-5 1521 y(MIME)h(message)h(to)d(refer)i(to)f
(component)g(parts)g(which)f(are)j(transferred)e(in)f(the)h(same)i
(message.)-5 1627 y Fc(Note)-5 1719 y Fk(Be)o(ware)c(ho)o(we)o(v)o(er)n
(,)h(that)d(content)h(identi\256ers)f(are)i(only)e(required)h(to)f(be)i
(unique)e(within)f(the)i(conte)o(xt)g(of)g(a)h(gi)o(v)o(en)f(MIME)g
(message,)-5 1769 y(and)13 b(so)g(the)f(cid:)19 b(URL)13
b(is)g(only)e(meaningful)h(with)g(the)g(conte)o(xt)h(the)f(same)i(MIME)
f(message.)24 b(F)o(or)13 b(a)g(reference)i(outside)c(the)-5
1818 y(message,)k(it)d(would)f(need)i(to)f(be)h(appended)g(to)f(the)g
(message-id)h(of)g(the)f(whole)g(message.)24 b(A)12 b(syntax)g(for)g
(this)g(has)h(not)f(been)-5 1868 y(de\256ned.)-5 1982
y Fi(5.11)49 b(Pr)o(osper)o(o)-5 2084 y Fk(The)9 b(Prospero)f
(\(Neuman,)i(1991\))d(directory)h(service)h(is)f(used)h(to)e(resolv)o
(e)i(the)f(URL)h(yielding)d(an)j(access)h(method)e(for)g(the)h(object)
-5 2134 y(\(which)f(can)h(then)f(itself)f(be)i(represented)g(as)g(a)g
(URL)f(if)g(translated\).)14 b(The)9 b(host)e(part)h(contains)g(a)h
(host)f(name)h(or)f(internet)f(address.)-5 2184 y(The)k(port)e(part)h
(is)g(optional.)-5 2247 y(The)h(path)g(part)f(contains)g(a)h(host)f
(speci\256c)h(object)f(name)i(and)e(an)h(optional)e(v)o(ersion)h
(number)n(.)15 b(If)c(present,)g(the)f(v)o(ersion)g(number)-5
2297 y(is)h(separated)g(from)f(the)g(host)g(speci\256c)i(object)e(name)
h(by)f(the)g(characters)i("\04500")e(\(percent)g(zero)h(zero\),)h(this)
d(being)h(an)h(escaped)-5 2346 y(string)e(terminator)g(\(null\).)14
b(External)c(Prospero)g(links)e(are)j(represented)g(as)g(URLs)f(of)g
(the)g(underlying)e(access)k(method)e(and)g(are)-5 2396
y(not)g(represented)g(as)h(Prospero)f(URLs.)-5 2510 y
Fi(5.12)49 b(Schemes)13 b(f)o(or)h(Fur)q(ther)i(Stud)o(y)-5
2620 y(5.12.1)49 b(x500)-5 2713 y Fk(The)13 b(mapping)e(of)h(x500)f
(names)i(onto)e(URLs)h(is)g(not)f(de\256ned)h(here.)21
b(A)12 b(decision)g(is)g(required)f(as)i(to)e(whether)h("distinguished)
-5 2762 y(names")e(or)f("user)g(friendly)f(names")i(\(ufn\),)f(or)f
(both,)h(should)f(be)h(allo)o(wed.)14 b(If)9 b(an)o(y)h(punctuation)d
(con)n(v)o(ersions)i(are)h(needed)f(from)-5 2812 y(the)h(adopted)g
(x500)g(representation)f(\(such)h(as)h(the)f(use)h(of)f(slashes)h
(between)g(parts)f(of)g(a)g(ufn\))g(the)o(y)g(must)g(be)h(de\256ned.)k
(This)c(is)f(a)-5 2862 y(subject)g(for)g(study)m(.)-5
2968 y(12)1643 b(Berners-Lee)p eop
%%Page: 13 17
13 16 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fi(5.12.2)49 b(WHOIS)-5 402 y Fk(This)10
b(pre\256x)f(describes)h(the)f(access)i(using)e(the)g("whois++")g
(scheme)i(in)e(the)g(process)h(of)f(de\256nition.)k(The)d(host)f(name)h
(part)f(is)g(the)-5 452 y(same)k(as)f(for)f(other)g(IP)g(based)h
(schemes.)21 b(The)12 b(path)f(part)g(can)h(be)f(either)g(a)h(whois)f
(handle)g(for)g(a)h(whois)f(object,)g(or)g(it)g(can)h(be)g(a)-5
501 y(v)o(alid)e(whois)f(query)h(string.)k(This)c(is)g(a)h(subject)f
(for)g(further)f(study)m(.)-5 608 y Fi(5.12.3)49 b(Netw)o(ork)13
b(Management)h(Database)-5 696 y Fk(This)c(is)h(a)f(subject)g(for)g
(study)m(.)-5 803 y Fi(5.13)49 b(Registration)13 b(of)h(naming)h
(schemes)-5 901 y Fk(A)f(ne)o(w)g(naming)f(scheme)j(may)e(be)g
(introduced)e(by)h(de\256ning)g(a)h(mapping)g(onto)e(a)i(conforming)f
(URL)h(syntax,)g(using)f(a)h(ne)o(w)-5 950 y(pre\256x.)h(Experimental)8
b(pre\256x)o(es)i(may)f(be)g(used)g(by)g(mutual)f(agreement)i(between)f
(parties,)g(and)g(must)f(start)h(with)e(the)i(characters)-5
1000 y("x-".)15 b(The)c(scheme)h(name)f("urn:")e(is)h(reserv)o(ed)i
(for)e(the)g(work)f(in)h(progress)g(on)f(a)i(scheme)h(for)e(more)h
(persistent)e(names.)-5 1061 y(It)j(is)g(proposed)f(that)h(the)g
(Internet)f(Assigned)h(Numbers)g(Authority)e(\(IAN)o(A\))h(perform)h
(the)g(function)f(of)g(re)o(gistration)g(of)h(ne)o(w)-5
1111 y(schemes.)20 b(An)o(y)11 b(submission)f(of)h(a)g(ne)o(w)h(URI)e
(scheme)j(must)e(include)f(a)i(de\256nition)d(of)i(an)g(algorithm)f
(for)h(the)g(retrie)o(v)o(al)f(of)h(an)o(y)-5 1160 y(object)f(within)e
(that)h(scheme.)17 b(The)11 b(algorithm)d(must)i(take)g(the)f(URI)h
(and)g(produce)g(either)f(a)i(set)f(of)g(URL\(s\))f(which)h(will)f
(lead)h(to)-5 1210 y(the)g(desired)h(object,)f(or)g(the)g(object)g
(itself,)g(in)f(a)i(well-de\256ned)f(or)g(determinable)g(format.)-5
1271 y(It)i(is)g(recommended)i(that)d(those)h(proposing)f(a)h(ne)o(w)h
(scheme)h(demonstrate)e(its)g(utility)d(and)k(operability)d(by)i(the)g
(pro)o(vision)e(of)-5 1321 y(a)k(gate)o(way)e(which)g(will)g(pro)o
(vide)g(images)h(of)g(objects)f(in)g(the)h(ne)o(w)g(scheme)h(for)e
(clients)g(using)g(an)h(e)o(xisting)f(protocol.)21 b(If)12
b(the)-5 1370 y(ne)o(w)f(scheme)h(is)e(not)g(a)h(locator)f(scheme,)i
(then)e(the)h(properties)e(of)h(names)i(in)e(the)g(ne)o(w)h(space)h
(should)d(be)i(clearly)f(de\256ned.)16 b(It)10 b(is)-5
1420 y(like)o(wise)g(recommended)j(that,)e(where)g(a)h(protocol)d(allo)
o(ws)i(for)g(retrie)o(v)o(al)f(by)h(URL,)g(that)g(the)g(client)f
(software)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(pro)o(vision)-5 1470 y(for)e(being)g
(con\256gured)g(to)f(use)i(speci\256c)g(gate)o(way)f(locators)g(for)g
(indirect)f(access)j(through)d(ne)o(w)h(naming)g(schemes.)-5
2968 y(Berners-Lee)1645 b(13)p eop
%%Page: 14 18
14 17 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(6.)k(BNF)g(of)f(generic)f(URI)j(syntax)-5
415 y Fk(This)10 b(is)h(a)f(BNF-like)f(description)g(of)h(the)g(URI)g
(syntax.)15 b(at)10 b(the)g(le)o(v)o(el)h(at)f(which)g(speci\256c)h
(schemes)h(are)f(not)e(considered.)-5 476 y(A)i(v)o(ertical)f(line)g(")
p Fa(j)p Fk(")g(indicates)g(alternati)o(v)o(es,)g(and)h
([brackets]indicate)e(optional)g(parts.)15 b(Spaces)d(are)f
(represented)g(by)f(the)g(word)-5 526 y("space",)k(and)e(the)g(v)o
(ertical)g(line)g(character)h(by)f("vline".)19 b(Single)12
b(letters)f(stand)h(for)f(single)h(letters.)20 b(All)11
b(words)g(of)h(more)h(than)-5 576 y(one)e(letter)e(belo)o(w)h(are)h
(entities)e(described)i(some)o(where)g(in)f(this)f(description.)-5
636 y(The)k("generic")f(production)d(gi)o(v)o(es)j(a)h(higher)e(le)o(v)
o(el)h(parsing)f(of)g(the)h(same)h(URIs)f(as)g(the)g(other)f
(productions.)18 b(The)12 b("national")-5 686 y(and)f("punctuation")d
(characters)j(do)f(not)g(appear)h(in)e(an)o(y)i(productions)e(and)h
(therefore)g(may)h(not)e(appear)i(in)f(URIs.)-5 757 y
Ff(fragmentaddr)o(ess)130 b Fk(uri)9 b([#)h(fragmentid)g(])-5
811 y Ff(uri)375 b Fk(scheme)12 b(:)i(path)c([?)15 b(search)d(])-5
865 y Ff(scheme)300 b Fk(ialpha)-5 919 y Ff(path)347
b Fk(v)o(oid)9 b Fa(j)h Fk(xpalphas)g([/)g(path)f(])-5
973 y Ff(sear)o(ch)315 b Fk(xalphas)10 b([+)g(search)i(])-5
1027 y Ff(fragmentid)229 b Fk(xalphas)-5 1081 y Ff(xalpha)307
b Fk(alpha)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(digit)e Fa(j)i Fk(safe)i Fa(j)d
Fk(e)o(xtra)i Fa(j)f Fk(escape)-5 1135 y Ff(xalphas)291
b Fk(xalpha)10 b([xalphas)g(])-5 1188 y Ff(xpalpha)284
b Fk(xalpha)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(+)-5 1242 y Ff(xpalphas)268
b Fk(xpalpha)9 b([xpalpha)h(])-5 1296 y Ff(ialpha)316
b Fk(alpha)10 b([xalphas)g(])-5 1350 y Ff(alpha)328 b
Fk(a)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(b)f Fa(j)h Fk(c)g Fa(j)g Fk(d)f Fa(j)h
Fk(e)g Fa(j)g Fk(f)g Fa(j)f Fk(g)h Fa(j)f Fk(h)h Fa(j)g
Fk(i)f Fa(j)h Fk(j)f Fa(j)h Fk(k)f Fa(j)h Fk(l)f Fa(j)h
Fk(m)g Fa(j)g Fk(n)f Fa(j)h Fk(o)g Fa(j)f Fk(p)h Fa(j)f
Fk(q)h Fa(j)g Fk(r)f Fa(j)h Fk(s)g Fa(j)f Fk(t)h Fa(j)f
Fk(u)h Fa(j)g Fk(v)f Fa(j)h Fk(w)g Fa(j)f Fk(x)h Fa(j)g
Fk(y)f Fa(j)h Fk(z)g Fa(j)g Fk(A)g Fa(j)f Fk(B)h Fa(j)f
Fk(C)423 1400 y Fa(j)h Fk(D)g Fa(j)g Fk(E)h Fa(j)e Fk(F)i
Fa(j)f Fk(G)g Fa(j)g Fk(H)g Fa(j)g Fk(I)h Fa(j)e Fk(J)i
Fa(j)f Fk(K)g Fa(j)g Fk(L)h Fa(j)f Fk(M)g Fa(j)g Fk(N)g
Fa(j)g Fk(O)h Fa(j)f Fk(P)g Fa(j)g Fk(Q)g Fa(j)g Fk(R)g
Fa(j)g Fk(S)h Fa(j)e Fk(T)i Fa(j)f Fk(U)g Fa(j)g Fk(V)h
Fa(j)f Fk(W)g Fa(j)g Fk(X)g Fa(j)g Fk(Y)h Fa(j)f Fk(Z)-5
1454 y Ff(digit)346 b Fk(0)10 b Fa(j)p Fk(1)f Fa(j)h
Fk(2)h Fa(j)e Fk(3)i Fa(j)e Fk(4)i Fa(j)f Fk(5)g Fa(j)g
Fk(6)g Fa(j)g Fk(7)g Fa(j)g Fk(8)g Fa(j)g Fk(9)-5 1508
y Ff(safe)359 b Fk($)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(-)g Fa(j)p 524 1508
13 2 v 35 w(j)g Fk(@)h Fa(j)f Fk(.)15 b Fa(j)10 b Fk(&)h
Fa(j)e Fk(-)-5 1562 y Ff(extra)336 b Fk(!)14 b Fa(j)c
Fk(*)h Fa(j)e Fk(")i Fa(j)f Fk(')g Fa(j)g Fk(\()g Fa(j)g
Fk(\))g Fa(j)g Fk(:)15 b Fa(j)9 b Fk(;)h Fa(j)g Fk(,)h
Fa(j)f Fk(space)-5 1616 y Ff(escape)314 b Fk(\045)10
b(he)o(x)g(he)o(x)-5 1670 y Ff(hex)366 b Fk(digit)8 b
Fa(j)i Fk(a)h Fa(j)f Fk(b)g Fa(j)g Fk(c)h Fa(j)f Fk(d)g
Fa(j)g Fk(e)g Fa(j)g Fk(f)h Fa(j)e Fk(A)i Fa(j)f Fk(B)g
Fa(j)g Fk(C)g Fa(j)g Fk(D)g Fa(j)g Fk(E)h Fa(j)f Fk(F)-5
1724 y Ff(national)281 b Fa(f)10 b(j)g(g)g(j)g Fk(vline)f
Fa(j)h Fk([)p Fa(j)g Fk(])p Fa(j)g Fk(\\)p Fa(j)f Fk(\303)h
Fa(j)g Fk(\304)423 1778 y([punctuation)e(])i Fe(<)h Fa(j)f
Fe(>)-5 1832 y Ff(void)-5 1938 y Fi(6.1)49 b(BNF)15 b(f)o(or)f
(speci\256c)f(URL)h(schemes)-5 2036 y Fk(This)d(is)h(a)f(BNF-like)f
(description)g(of)h(the)g(Uniform)g(Resource)g(Locator)h(syntax.)18
b(A)11 b(v)o(ertical)g(line)g(")p Fa(j)p Fk(")g(indicates)g(alternati)o
(v)o(es,)-5 2086 y(and)h([brackets]indicate)f(optional)f(parts.)19
b(Spaces)14 b(are)e(represented)g(by)g(the)f(word)g("space",)j(and)d
(the)h(v)o(ertical)g(line)f(character)-5 2136 y(by)h("vline".)21
b(Single)12 b(letters)g(stand)h(for)f(single)f(letters.)22
b(All)12 b(words)f(of)h(more)h(than)g(one)f(letter)g(belo)o(w)g(are)h
(entities)f(described)-5 2186 y(some)o(where)g(in)d(this)h
(description.)-5 2247 y(The)h(current)f(IETF)h(URI)f(working)e(group)i
(preference)h(is)f(for)g(the)g(pre\256x)o(edurl)g(production.)j(\(No)o
(v)d(1993.)15 b(July)9 b(93:)14 b(url\).)-5 2307 y(The)e("generic")f
(production)f(gi)o(v)o(es)h(a)h(higher)e(le)o(v)o(el)h(parsing)g(of)g
(the)g(same)h(URLs)g(as)g(the)f(other)f(productions.)17
b(The)11 b("national")-5 2357 y(and)g("punctuation")d(characters)j(do)f
(not)g(appear)h(in)e(an)o(y)i(productions)e(and)h(therefore)g(may)h
(not)e(appear)i(in)f(URLs.)-5 2418 y(The)h("afsaddress")g(is)f(left)g
(in)g(as)h(historical)e(note,)h(b)o(ut)f(is)i(not)e(a)i(url)e
(production)-5 2488 y Ff(pr)o(e\256xedurl)232 b Fk(u)10
b(r)g(l)g(:)k(url)-5 2542 y Ff(fragmentaddr)o(ess)130
b Fk(uri)9 b([#)h(fragmentid)g(])-5 2596 y Ff(uri)375
b Fk(url)9 b Fa(j)h Fk(generic)-5 2650 y Ff(ur)h(l)364
b Fk(generic)12 b Fa(j)f Fk(httpaddress)f Fa(j)i Fk(ftpaddress)f
Fa(j)g Fk(ne)o(wsaddress)i Fa(j)e Fk(nntpaddress)g Fa(j)g
Fk(prosperoaddress)g Fa(j)h Fk(telne-)423 2700 y(taddress)e
Fa(j)g Fk(gopheraddress)g Fa(j)g Fk(waisaddress)h Fa(j)e
Fk(mailtoaddress)h Fa(j)g Fk(midaddress)h Fa(j)f Fk(cidaddress)-5
2754 y Ff(generic)300 b Fk(scheme)12 b(:)i(path)c([?)15
b(search)d(])-5 2808 y Ff(scheme)300 b Fk(ialpha)-5 2862
y Ff(httpaddr)o(ess)220 b Fk(h)10 b(t)g(t)g(p)g(:)k(/)c(/)g(hostport)f
([/)g(path)h(][?)15 b(search)d(])-5 2968 y(14)1643 b(Berners-Lee)p
eop
%%Page: 15 19
15 18 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Ff(ftpaddr)o(ess)243 b Fk(f)10 b(t)g(p)g(:)k(/)c(/)g
(login)f(/)h(path)-5 367 y Ff(afsaddr)o(ess)243 b Fk(a)10
b(f)h(s)f(:)15 b(/)10 b(/)g(cellname)h(/)f(path)-5 421
y Ff(newsaddr)o(ess)207 b Fk(n)10 b(e)h(w)f(s)g(:)15
b(groupart)-5 475 y Ff(nntpaddr)o(ess)211 b Fk(n)10 b(n)g(t)g(p)g(:)15
b(group)9 b(/)h(digits)-5 529 y Ff(midaddr)o(ess)224
b Fk(m)10 b(i)g(d)g(:)15 b(addr)o(-spec)-5 583 y Ff(cidaddr)o(ess)241
b Fk(c)10 b(i)g(d)h(:)j(content-identi\256er)-5 637 y
Ff(mailtoaddr)o(ess)179 b Fk(m)10 b(a)h(i)f(l)g(t)g(o)g(:)15
b(:)f(xalphas)c(@)h(hostname)-5 691 y Ff(waisaddr)o(ess)215
b Fk(waisinde)o(x)9 b Fa(j)h Fk(waisdoc)-5 745 y Ff(waisindex)252
b Fk(w)10 b(a)h(i)f(s)g(:)15 b(/)10 b(/)g(hostport)e(/)i(database)h([?)
16 b(search)11 b(])-5 799 y Ff(waisdoc)287 b Fk(w)10
b(a)h(i)f(s)g(:)15 b(/)10 b(/)g(hostport)e(/)i(database)h(/)f(wtype)g
(/)g(path)-5 853 y Ff(gr)o(oupart)270 b Fk(*)10 b Fa(j)g
Fk(group)f Fa(j)h Fk(article)-5 907 y Ff(gr)o(oup)323
b Fk(ialpha)10 b([.)15 b(group)9 b(])-5 961 y Ff(article)315
b Fk(xalphas)10 b(@)g(host)-5 1015 y Ff(database)271
b Fk(xalphas)-5 1069 y Ff(wtype)322 b Fk(xalphas)-5 1123
y Ff(pr)o(osper)o(oaddr)o(ess)138 b Fk(prosperolink)-5
1177 y Ff(pr)o(osper)o(olink)202 b Fk(p)10 b(r)g(o)g(s)h(p)f(e)h(r)f(o)
g(:)k(/)c(/)g(hostport)f(/)h(hsoname)h([\045)e(0)i(0)f(v)o(ersion)g
([attrib)o(utes)f(]])-5 1231 y Ff(hsoname)271 b Fk(path)-5
1285 y Ff(version)299 b Fk(digits)-5 1338 y Ff(attrib)o(utes)256
b Fk(attrib)o(ute)9 b([attrib)o(utes)f(])-5 1392 y Ff(attrib)o(ute)272
b Fk(alphanums)-5 1446 y Ff(telnetaddr)o(ess)195 b Fk(t)10
b(e)g(l)g(n)g(e)h(t)f(:)15 b(/)10 b(/)g(login)-5 1500
y Ff(gopheraddr)o(ess)170 b Fk(g)10 b(o)g(p)g(h)g(e)h(r)f(:)15
b(/)10 b(/)g(hostport)e([/)i(gtype)f([selector)i(]][?)k(search)c(])-5
1554 y Ff(login)339 b Fk([user)10 b([:)k(password)c(]@)h(]hostport)-5
1608 y Ff(hostport)278 b Fk(host)9 b([:)15 b(port)9 b(])-5
1662 y Ff(host)354 b Fk(hostname)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(hostnumber)-5
1716 y Ff(cellname)271 b Fk(hostname)-5 1770 y Ff(hostname)257
b Fk(ialpha)10 b([.)15 b(hostname)10 b(])-5 1824 y Ff(hostnumber)214
b Fk(digits)8 b(.)16 b(digits)8 b(.)16 b(digits)8 b(.)16
b(digits)-5 1878 y Ff(port)352 b Fk(digits)-5 1932 y
Ff(selector)293 b Fk(path)-5 1986 y Ff(path)347 b Fk(v)o(oid)9
b Fa(j)h Fk(se)o(gment)h([/)f(path)g(])-5 2040 y Ff(segment)283
b Fk(xpalphas)-5 2094 y Ff(sear)o(ch)315 b Fk(xalphas)10
b([+)g(search)i(])-5 2148 y Ff(user)353 b Fk(xalphas)-5
2202 y Ff(password)260 b Fk(xalphas)-5 2256 y Ff(fragmentid)229
b Fk(xalphas)-5 2310 y Ff(gtype)331 b Fk(xalpha)-5 2364
y Ff(xalpha)307 b Fk(alpha)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(digit)e Fa(j)i
Fk(safe)i Fa(j)d Fk(e)o(xtra)i Fa(j)f Fk(escape)-5 2418
y Ff(xalphas)291 b Fk(xalpha)10 b([xalphas)g(])-5 2472
y Ff(xpalpha)284 b Fk(xalpha)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(+)-5 2526
y Ff(xpalphas)268 b Fk(xpalpha)9 b([xpalpha)h(])-5 2580
y Ff(ialpha)316 b Fk(alpha)10 b([xalphas)g(])-5 2634
y Ff(alpha)328 b Fk(a)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(b)f Fa(j)h Fk(c)g
Fa(j)g Fk(d)f Fa(j)h Fk(e)g Fa(j)g Fk(f)g Fa(j)f Fk(g)h
Fa(j)f Fk(h)h Fa(j)g Fk(i)f Fa(j)h Fk(j)f Fa(j)h Fk(k)f
Fa(j)h Fk(l)f Fa(j)h Fk(m)g Fa(j)g Fk(n)f Fa(j)h Fk(o)g
Fa(j)f Fk(p)h Fa(j)f Fk(q)h Fa(j)g Fk(r)f Fa(j)h Fk(s)g
Fa(j)f Fk(t)h Fa(j)f Fk(u)h Fa(j)g Fk(v)f Fa(j)h Fk(w)g
Fa(j)f Fk(x)h Fa(j)g Fk(y)f Fa(j)h Fk(z)g Fa(j)g Fk(A)g
Fa(j)f Fk(B)h Fa(j)f Fk(C)423 2683 y Fa(j)h Fk(D)g Fa(j)g
Fk(E)h Fa(j)e Fk(F)i Fa(j)f Fk(G)g Fa(j)g Fk(H)g Fa(j)g
Fk(I)h Fa(j)e Fk(J)i Fa(j)f Fk(K)g Fa(j)g Fk(L)h Fa(j)f
Fk(M)g Fa(j)g Fk(N)g Fa(j)g Fk(O)h Fa(j)f Fk(P)g Fa(j)g
Fk(Q)g Fa(j)g Fk(R)g Fa(j)g Fk(S)h Fa(j)e Fk(T)i Fa(j)f
Fk(U)g Fa(j)g Fk(V)h Fa(j)f Fk(W)g Fa(j)g Fk(X)g Fa(j)g
Fk(Y)h Fa(j)f Fk(Z)423 2737 y(0)g Fa(j)p Fk(1)f Fa(j)h
Fk(2)h Fa(j)e Fk(3)i Fa(j)e Fk(4)i Fa(j)f Fk(5)g Fa(j)g
Fk(6)g Fa(j)g Fk(7)g Fa(j)g Fk(8)g Fa(j)g Fk(9)-5 2791
y Ff(safe)359 b Fk($)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(-)g Fa(j)p 524 2791
13 2 v 35 w(j)g Fk(@)h Fa(j)f Fk(.)15 b Fa(j)10 b Fk(&)h
Fa(j)e Fk(+)i Fa(j)f Fk(-)-5 2845 y Ff(extra)336 b Fk(!)14
b Fa(j)c Fk(*)h Fa(j)e Fk(")i Fa(j)f Fk(')g Fa(j)g Fk(\()g
Fa(j)g Fk(\))g Fa(j)g Fk(:)15 b Fa(j)9 b Fk(;)h Fa(j)g
Fk(,)h Fa(j)f Fk(space)-5 2968 y(Berners-Lee)1645 b(15)p
eop
%%Page: 16 20
16 19 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Ff(escape)314 b Fk(\045)10 b(he)o(x)g(he)o(x)
-5 367 y Ff(hex)366 b Fk(digit)8 b Fa(j)i Fk(a)h Fa(j)f
Fk(b)g Fa(j)g Fk(c)h Fa(j)f Fk(d)g Fa(j)g Fk(e)g Fa(j)g
Fk(f)h Fa(j)e Fk(A)i Fa(j)f Fk(B)g Fa(j)g Fk(C)g Fa(j)g
Fk(D)g Fa(j)g Fk(E)h Fa(j)f Fk(F)-5 421 y Ff(national)281
b Fa(f)10 b(j)g(g)g(j)g Fk(vline)f Fa(j)h Fk([)p Fa(j)g
Fk(])p Fa(j)g Fk(\\)p Fa(j)f Fk(\303)h Fa(j)g Fk(\304)423
475 y([punctuation)e(])i Fe(<)h Fa(j)f Fe(>)-5 529 y
Ff(digits)330 b Fk(digit)8 b([digits)h(])-5 583 y Ff(alphanum)247
b Fk(alpha)10 b Fa(j)g Fk(digit)-5 637 y Ff(alphanums)231
b Fk(alphanum)10 b([alphanums)g(])-5 691 y Ff(void)-5
761 y Fk(\(end)g(of)g(URL)h(BNF\))-5 2968 y(16)1643 b(Berners-Lee)p
eop
%%Page: 17 21
17 20 bop -5 162 a Fk(12)10 b(March)h(1994)439 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)484 b(RFC)10 b(XXXX)p -5 179
1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(7.)15 b(Refer)o(ences)-5 404 y Ff(Alberti,)c(R.,)g
(et.al.)k(\(1991\))9 b Fk("Notes)18 b(on)g(the)g(Internet)g(Gopher)f
(Protocol")g(Uni)o(v)o(ersity)g(of)h(Minnesota,)i(December)g(1991,)423
454 y Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://boombox.micro.umn.edu/pu)o(b/g)o(opher/)o(goph)o
(er)p 1286 454 13 2 v 13 w(protocol)p Fe(>)6 b Fk(.)12
b(See)6 b(also)g Fe(<)p Fk(gopher://gopher)n
(.micro.umn.edu/00/Information)423 504 y(About)j(Gopher/About)f(Gopher)
p Fe(>)-5 558 y Ff(Ber)o(ners-Lee,)13 b(T)d(.,)i(\(1991\))d
Fk("Hyperte)o(xt)i(T)o(ransfer)h(Protocol)f(\(HTTP\)")i(,)f(CERN,)h
(December)g(1991,)f(as)h(updated)e(from)h(time)423 608
y(to)d(time,)i Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/ww)o(w/doc/)o(htt)o
(p-spec.txt)p Fe(>)-5 662 y Ff(Cr)o(ocker)283 b Fk("Standard)10
b(for)f(ARP)l(A)i(Internet)e(T)m(e)o(xt)i(Messages")h(.)j(Da)o(vid)10
b(H.)h(Crocker)n(,)f(RFC822,)-5 716 y Ff(Da)o(vis,)g(F)l(,)h(et)g(al.,)
g(\(1990\))48 b Fk("W)-5 b(AIS)8 b(Interface)h(Protocol:)j(Prototype)7
b(Functional)g(Speci\256cation",)h(Thinking)f(Machines)i(Cor)o(-)423
766 y(poration,)g(April)g(23,)h(1990)f Fe(<)p Fk
(ftp://quake.think.com/pub/)o(wais/)o(doc/pr)o(otspec.txt)p
Fe(>)-5 820 y Ff(Inter)o(national)h(Standards)h(Organization,)e
(\(1991\))h Fk(Information)h(and)i(Documentation)e(-)i(Search)h(and)f
(Retrie)o(v)o(e)g(Applica-)423 869 y(tion)c(Protocol)g(Speci\256cation)
h(for)g(open)g(Systems)g(Interconnection,)g(ISO-10163)-5
923 y Ff(Huitema,)h(C.,)g(\(1991\))79 b Fk("Naming:)14
b(strate)o(gies)c(and)g(techniques",)g(Computer)f(Networks)g(and)h
(ISDN)f(Systems)i(23)e(\(1991\))423 973 y(107-110.)-5
1027 y Ff(Kahle,)i(Br)o(ewster)l(,)i(\(1991\))e Fk("Document)e
(Identi\256ers,)g(or)f(International)g(Standard)g(Book)g(Numbers)i(for)
e(the)h(Electronic)g(Age",)423 1077 y Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://quake.thin)o
(k.com/pub/)o(wais/d)o(oc/doc-i)o(ds.txt)o Fe(>)-5 1131
y Ff(Kantor)l(,)i(B.,)g(and)f(Lapsley)n(,)g(P)-5 b(.,)12
b(\(1986\))d Fk("A)14 b(proposed)e(standard)h(for)g(the)g(stream-based)
i(transmission)d(of)h(ne)o(ws")g(,)i(Internet)423 1181
y(RFC-977,)9 b(February)h(1986.)15 b Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://ds.interni)o
(c.net/rfc/rfc977)o(.txt)p Fe(>)-5 1235 y Ff(L)n(ynch,)c(C.,)g
(Coallition)d(f)o(or)i(Networked)g(Inf)o(ormation:)k(\(1991\))9
b Fk("W)m(orkshop)i(on)h(ID)g(and)h(Reference)h(Structures)d(for)h
(Net-)423 1285 y(worked)g(Information",)h(No)o(v)o(ember)h(1991.)24
b(See)14 b Fe(<)p Fk(wais://quake.think.com/wais-discussio)o(n-)423
1334 y(archi)o(v)o(es?lynch)p Fe(>)-5 1388 y Ff(Mockapetris,)e(P)-5
b(.,)12 b(\(1987\))19 b Fk("Domain)6 b(names)g(+)g(concepts)g(and)g
(facilities",)i(RFC-1034,)e(USC-ISI,)g(No)o(v)o(ember)g(1987,)h
Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rf)o(c1034.txt)o
Fe(>)-5 1442 y Ff(Neuman,)k(B.)f(Cliff)o(ord,)g(\(1992\))f
Fk("Prospero:)31 b(A)18 b(T)m(ool)g(for)g(Or)o(ganizing)g(Internet)g
(Resources",)j(Electronic)e(Networking:)423 1492 y(Research,)e
(Applications)c(and)i(Polic)o(y)m(,)h(V)-5 b(ol)13 b(1)i(No)f(2,)i
(Meckler)f(W)m(estport)f(CT)g(USA.)i(See)f(also)423 1542
y Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://prospero.isi.edu/)o(pub/)o(prosp)o(ero/oi)o(r)n(.ps)p
Fe(>)-5 1596 y Ff(P)o(ostel,)c(J)o(.)g(and)f(Reynolds,)h(J)o(.)f
(\(1985\))f Fk("File)d(T)o(ransfer)g(Protocol)g(\(FTP\)",)h(Internet)f
(RFC-959,)f(October)h(1985.)13 b Fe(<)p Fk
(ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rf)o(c959.txt)o Fe(>)-5 1650
y Ff(Y)-5 b(eong,)11 b(W)l(.,)g(\(1991a\))97 b Fk("T)m(o)o(wards)11
b(Networked)g(Information)g(Retrie)o(v)o(al",)h(T)m(echnical)h(report)e
(91-06-25-01,)f(June)j(1991,)423 1700 y(Performance)e(Systems)g
(International,)e(Inc.)15 b Fe(<)p Fk(ftp://uu.psi.com/wp/ni)o(r)n
(.txt)o Fe(>)-5 1754 y Ff(Y)-5 b(eong,)11 b(W)l(.,)g(\(1991b\),)85
b Fk("Representing)12 b(Public)h(Archi)o(v)o(es)h(in)e(the)i
(Directory",)f(Internet)g(Draft,)h(No)o(v)o(ember)h(1991,)f(no)o(w)423
1803 y(e)o(xpired.)-5 1882 y(.)-5 2968 y(Berners-Lee)1645
b(17)p eop
%%Page: 18 22
18 21 bop -5 162 a Fk(RFC)10 b(XXXX)485 b(Uni)o(v)o(ersal)10
b(Resource)g(Identi\256ers)439 b(12)10 b(March)h(1994)p
-5 179 1890 2 v -5 313 a Fd(8.)k(A)m(uthor')n(s)g(addr)o(ess)-5
404 y Fb(Tim)25 b(Berners-Lee)-5 496 y(Address:)74 b(World-Wide)24
b(Web)h(project)-5 587 y(CERN,)-5 678 y(1211)g(Geneva)f(23,)-5
770 y(Switzerland)-5 911 y(Telephone:)g(+41)h(\(22\)767)f(3755)-5
1002 y(Fax:)174 b(+41)25 b(\(22\)767)f(7155)-5 1094 y(Email:)124
b(timbl@info.cern.ch)-5 2968 y Fk(18)1643 b(Berners-Lee)p
eop
%%Trailer
end
userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if
%%EOF