2004/id/draft-ietf-http-v10-spec-05.ps

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( \050Europe\051,) 175.69 420 T
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( \050Paci\336c Rim\051,) 313.01 420 T
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(independently of the data being transferred.) 90 206 T
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(orld-W) 241.93 186 T
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55.82 666 57.82 692 R
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(........................................................................................................) 205.99 420.67 T
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(4.) 90 403 T
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(19) 492.01 403 T
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(5.) 90 342 T
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(...................................................................................................................) 146.92 342 T
(21) 492.01 342 T
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(5.1) 108 326.67 T
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(............................................................................................................) 195.01 326.67 T
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(....................................................................................................................) 202.39 315.33 T
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(.............................................................................................) 236.21 290.67 T
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(6.) 90 273 T
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(23) 492.01 273 T
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(6.1) 108 257.67 T
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(6.2) 108 232.67 T
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(...........................................................................................) 241.7 232.67 T
(24) 493.01 232.67 T
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(7.) 90 215 T
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(......................................................................................................................) 137.92 215 T
(25) 492.01 215 T
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(7.1) 108 199.67 T
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(................................................................................................) 227.97 199.67 T
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(7.2.1) 135 174.33 T
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(.....................................................................................................................) 199.89 163.33 T
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(8.) 90 146 T
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(................................................................................................) 203.89 146 T
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(8.1) 108 130.67 T
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(..........................................................................................................................) 156.55 130.67 T
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(.......................................................................................................) 208.74 654.67 T
(31) 493.01 654.67 T
(9.5) 108 640.67 T
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(......................................................................................................) 211.49 640.67 T
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(.......................................................................................................................) 164.79 607.67 T
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(...........................................................................................................) 197.75 593.67 T
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(....................................................................................................) 216.98 579.67 T
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(Content-Length) 135 565.67 T
(........................................................................................................) 205.99 565.67 T
(34) 493.01 565.67 T
(10.5) 108 551.67 T
(Content-T) 135 551.67 T
(ype) 179.4 551.67 T
(...........................................................................................................) 197.75 551.67 T
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(Date) 135 537.67 T
(..........................................................................................................................) 156.55 537.67 T
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(Expires) 135 523.67 T
(.....................................................................................................................) 170.29 523.67 T
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(.........................................................................................................................) 159.3 509.67 T
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(....................................................................................................) 216.98 495.67 T
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(..........................................................................................................) 200.5 481.67 T
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(1) 126.82 467.67 T
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(...................................................................................................................) 175.78 467.67 T
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(10.12) 108 453.67 T
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(.....................................................................................................................) 170.29 453.67 T
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(10.13) 108 439.67 T
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(.....................................................................................................................) 170.29 439.67 T
(38) 493.01 439.67 T
(10.14) 108 425.67 T
(Server) 135 425.67 T
(.......................................................................................................................) 164.79 425.67 T
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(10.15) 108 411.67 T
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(...............................................................................................................) 186.77 411.67 T
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(................................................................................................) 227.97 397.67 T
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(1) 90 380 T
(1.) 95.55 380 T
(Access Authentication) 108 380 T
(...........................................................................................) 218.88 380 T
(40) 492.01 380 T
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(1) 108 364.67 T
(1.1) 113.09 364.67 T
(Basic Authentication Scheme) 135 364.67 T
(..................................................................................) 266.42 364.67 T
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(12.) 90 347 T
(Security Considerations) 108 347 T
(.........................................................................................) 224.88 347 T
(42) 492.01 347 T
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(12.1) 108 331.67 T
(Authentication of Clients) 135 331.67 T
(.........................................................................................) 247.19 331.67 T
(42) 493.01 331.67 T
(12.2) 108 317.67 T
(Safe Methods) 135 317.67 T
(...........................................................................................................) 197.75 317.67 T
(42) 493.01 317.67 T
(12.3) 108 303.67 T
(Abuse of Server Log Information) 135 303.67 T
(............................................................................) 282.9 303.67 T
(42) 493.01 303.67 T
(12.4) 108 289.67 T
(T) 135 289.67 T
(ransfer of Sensitive Information) 141.33 289.67 T
(............................................................................) 282.9 289.67 T
(42) 493.01 289.67 T
(12.5) 108 275.67 T
(Attacks Based On File and Path Names) 135 275.67 T
(..................................................................) 310.36 275.67 T
(43) 493.01 275.67 T
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(13.) 90 258 T
(Acknowledgments) 108 258 T
(.................................................................................................) 200.89 258 T
(44) 492.01 258 T
(14.) 90 239 T
(References) 108 239 T
(..............................................................................................................) 161.91 239 T
(45) 492.01 239 T
(15.) 90 220 T
(Authors\325 Addresses) 108 220 T
(................................................................................................) 203.89 220 T
(46) 492.01 220 T
(Appendix A.) 90 201 T
(Internet Media T) 162 201 T
(ype message/http) 242.43 201 T
(.......................................................) 326.82 201 T
(47) 492.01 201 T
(Appendix B.) 90 182 T
(T) 162 182 T
(olerant Applications) 168.49 182 T
(...........................................................................) 266.85 182 T
(47) 492.01 182 T
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(.........................................................................) 272.85 163 T
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(................................................................................) 271.91 147.67 T
(48) 493.01 147.67 T
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(....................................................................................) 260.92 133.67 T
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(Introduction of Content-Encoding) 135 119.67 T
(...........................................................................) 285.64 119.67 T
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(...............................................................................) 274.66 105.67 T
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(.........................................................) 335.08 91.67 T
(49) 493.01 91.67 T
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(.......................................................................................................................) 194.89 663.33 T
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(.........................................................................................................................) 189.9 572.33 T
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(........................................................................................................) 232.37 561.33 T
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(.............................................................................................................) 219.88 550.33 T
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(T) 171 539.33 T
(itle) 176.76 539.33 T
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(.........................................................................................................................) 189.9 528.33 T
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0 12 Q
-0.79 (The Hypertext T) 90 660 P
-0.79 (ransfer Protocol \050HTTP\051 is an application-level protocol with the lightness and) 167.94 660 P
(speed necessary for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP has) 90 646 T
-0.74 (been in use by the W) 90 632 P
-0.74 (orld-W) 186.29 632 P
-0.74 (ide W) 220.45 632 P
-0.74 (eb global information initiative since 1990. This speci\336cation) 247.73 632 P
-0.26 (re\337ects common usage of the protocol referred to as \322HTTP/1.0\323. This speci\336cation describes) 90 618 P
(the features that seem to be consistently implemented in most HTTP/1.0 clients and servers.) 90 604 T
-0.62 (The speci\336cation is split into two sections. Those features of HTTP for which implementations) 90 590 P
(are usually consistent are described in the main body of this document. Those features which) 90 576 T
(have few or inconsistent implementations are listed in Appendix D.) 90 562 T
(Practical information systems require more functionality than simple retrieval, including) 90 542 T
(search, front-end update, and annotation. HTTP allows an open-ended set of methods to be) 90 528 T
(used to indicate the purpose of a request. It builds on the discipline of reference provided by) 90 514 T
(the Uniform Resource Identi\336er \050URI\051) 90 500 T
([2], as a location \050URL\051) 278.19 500 T
([4] or name \050URN\051) 396.1 500 T
([16], for) 491.35 500 T
(indicating the resource on which a method is to be applied. Messages are passed in a format) 90 486 T
(similar to that used by Internet Mail) 90 472 T
([7] and the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) 265.56 472 T
(\050MIME\051) 90 458 T
([5].) 133.63 458 T
(HTTP is also used as a generic protocol for communication between user agents and) 90 438 T
(proxies/gateways to other Internet protocols, such as SMTP) 90 424 T
([12], NNTP) 379.47 424 T
([1) 439.76 424 T
(1], FTP) 449.31 424 T
([14],) 488.96 424 T
(Gopher) 90 410 T
([1], and W) 128.97 410 T
(AIS) 179.26 410 T
([8], allowing basic hypermedia access to resources available from) 201.57 410 T
(diverse applications and simplifying the implementation of user agents.) 90 396 T
1 14 Q
(1.2  T) 72 368.67 T
(erminology) 104.53 368.67 T
0 12 Q
(This speci\336cation uses a number of terms to refer to the roles played by participants in, and) 90 350 T
(objects of, the HTTP communication.) 90 336 T
3 F
(connection) 90 316 T
0 F
(A transport layer virtual circuit established between two application programs for the) 108 302 T
(purpose of communication.) 108 288 T
3 F
(message) 90 268 T
0 F
(The basic unit of HTTP communication, consisting of a structured sequence of octets) 108 254 T
(matching the syntax de\336ned in Section) 108 240 T
(4 and transmitted via the connection.) 297.22 240 T
3 F
(r) 90 220 T
(equest) 94.22 220 T
0 F
(An HTTP request message \050as de\336ned in Section) 108 206 T
(5\051.) 346.5 206 T
3 F
(r) 90 186 T
(esponse) 94.22 186 T
0 F
(An HTTP response message \050as de\336ned in Section) 108 172 T
(6\051.) 353.83 172 T
3 F
(r) 90 152 T
(esour) 94.22 152 T
(ce) 120.43 152 T
0 F
(A network data object or service which can be identi\336ed by a URI \050Section) 108 138 T
(3.2\051.) 471.72 138 T
3 F
(entity) 90 118 T
0 F
-0.57 (A particular representation or rendition of a data resource, or reply from a service resource,) 108 104 P
(that may be enclosed within a request or response message. An entity consists of) 108 90 T
(metainformation in the form of entity headers and content in the form of an entity body) 108 76 T
(.) 525.93 76 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
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(client) 90 712 T
0 F
(An application program that establishes connections for the purpose of sending requests.) 108 698 T
3 F
(user agent) 90 678 T
0 F
(The client which initiates a request. These are often browsers, editors, spiders) 108 664 T
(\050web-traversing robots\051, or other end user tools.) 108 650 T
3 F
(server) 90 630 T
0 F
(An application program that accepts connections in order to service requests by sending) 108 616 T
(back responses.) 108 602 T
3 F
(origin server) 90 582 T
0 F
(The server on which a given resource resides or is to be created.) 108 568 T
3 F
(pr) 90 548 T
(oxy) 100.22 548 T
0 F
-0.67 (An intermediary program which acts as both a server and a client for the purpose of making) 108 534 P
-0.89 (requests on behalf of other clients. Requests are serviced internally or by passing them, with) 108 520 P
-0.35 (possible translation, on to other servers. A proxy must interpret and, if necessary) 108 506 P
-0.35 (, rewrite a) 489.76 506 P
-0.23 (request message before forwarding it. Proxies are often used as client-side portals through) 108 492 P
(network \336rewalls and as helper applications for handling requests via protocols not) 108 478 T
(implemented by the user agent.) 108 464 T
3 F
(gateway) 90 444 T
0 F
(A server which acts as an intermediary for some other server) 108 430 T
(. Unlike a proxy) 399.09 430 T
(, a gateway) 476.26 430 T
(receives requests as if it were the origin server for the requested resource; the requesting) 108 416 T
-0.2 (client may not be aware that it is communicating with a gateway) 108 402 P
-0.2 (. Gateways are often used) 414.45 402 P
(as server) 108 388 T
(-side portals through network \336rewalls and as protocol translators for access to) 150.05 388 T
(resources stored on non-HTTP systems.) 108 374 T
3 F
(tunnel) 90 354 T
0 F
(A tunnel is an intermediary program which is acting as a blind relay between two) 108 340 T
(connections. Once active, a tunnel is not considered a party to the HTTP communication,) 108 326 T
-0.09 (though the tunnel may have been initiated by an HTTP request. The tunnel ceases to exist) 108 312 P
(when both ends of the relayed connections are closed. T) 108 298 T
(unnels are used when a portal is) 376.7 298 T
-0.4 (necessary and the intermediary cannot, or should not, interpret the relayed communication.) 108 284 P
3 F
(cache) 90 264 T
0 F
-0.12 (A program\325) 108 250 P
-0.12 (s local store of response messages and the subsystem that controls its message) 163.5 250 P
(storage, retrieval, and deletion. A cache stores cachable responses in order to reduce the) 108 236 T
(response time and network bandwidth consumption on future, equivalent requests. Any) 108 222 T
-0.09 (client or server may include a cache, though a cache cannot be used by a server while it is) 108 208 P
(acting as a tunnel.) 108 194 T
-0.1 (Any given program may be capable of being both a client and a server; our use of these terms) 90 174 P
-0.16 (refers only to the role being performed by the program for a particular connection, rather than) 90 160 P
-0.82 (to the program\325) 90 146 P
-0.82 (s capabilities in general. Likewise, any server may act as an origin server) 162.32 146 P
-0.82 (, proxy) 502.44 146 P
-0.82 (,) 534.82 146 P
(gateway) 90 132 T
(, or tunnel, switching behavior based on the nature of each request.) 129.18 132 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
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(1.3  Overall Operation) 72 710.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.48 (The HTTP protocol is based on a request/response paradigm. A client establishes a connection) 90 692 P
(with a server and sends a request to the server in the form of a request method, URI, and) 90 678 T
(protocol version, followed by a MIME-like message containing request modi\336ers, client) 90 664 T
(information, and possible body content. The server responds with a status line, including the) 90 650 T
(message\325) 90 636 T
(s protocol version and a success or error code, followed by a MIME-like message) 133.97 636 T
(containing server information, entity metainformation, and possible body content.) 90 622 T
-0.12 (Most HTTP communication is initiated by a user agent and consists of a request to be applied) 90 602 P
-0.5 (to a resource on some origin server) 90 588 P
-0.5 (. In the simplest case, this may be accomplished via a single) 254.87 588 P
(connection \050v\051 between the user agent \050UA\051 and the origin server \050O\051.) 90 574 T
2 11 Q
(request chain ------------------------>) 127.78 554.67 T
(UA -------------------v------------------- O) 108 542.67 T
(<----------------------- response chain) 127.78 530.67 T
0 12 Q
(A more complicated situation occurs when one or more intermediaries are present in the) 90 512 T
(request/response chain. There are three common forms of intermediary: proxy) 90 498 T
(, gateway) 464.25 498 T
(, and) 509.43 498 T
(tunnel. A proxy is a forwarding agent, receiving requests for a URI in its absolute form,) 90 484 T
-0.38 (rewriting all or parts of the message, and forwarding the reformatted request toward the server) 90 470 P
(identi\336ed by the URI. A gateway is a receiving agent, acting as a layer above some other) 90 456 T
-0.74 (server\050s\051 and, if necessary) 90 442 P
-0.74 (, translating the requests to the underlying server) 212.22 442 P
-0.74 (\325) 441.34 442 P
-0.74 (s protocol. A tunnel) 444.67 442 P
-0.53 (acts as a relay point between two connections without changing the messages; tunnels are used) 90 428 P
-0.53 (when the communication needs to pass through an intermediary \050such as a \336rewall\051 even when) 90 414 P
(the intermediary cannot understand the contents of the messages.) 90 400 T
2 11 Q
(request chain -------------------------------------->) 127.78 380.67 T
(UA -----v----- A -----v----- B -----v----- C -----v----- O) 108 368.67 T
(<------------------------------------- response chain) 127.78 356.67 T
0 12 Q
(The \336gure above shows three intermediaries \050A, B, and C\051 between the user agent and origin) 90 338 T
(server) 90 324 T
(. A request or response message that travels the whole chain must pass through four) 118.64 324 T
(separate connections. This distinction is important because some HTTP communication) 90 310 T
(options may apply only to the connection with the nearest, non-tunnel neighbor) 90 296 T
(, only to the) 470.61 296 T
(end-points of the chain, or to all connections along the chain. Although the diagram is linear) 90 282 T
(,) 532.22 282 T
(each participant may be engaged in multiple, simultaneous communications. For example, B) 90 268 T
(may be receiving requests from many clients other than A, and/or forwarding requests to) 90 254 T
(servers other than C, at the same time that it is handling A) 90 240 T
(\325) 367.49 240 T
(s request.) 370.83 240 T
-0.24 (Any party to the communication which is not acting as a tunnel may employ an internal cache) 90 220 P
(for handling requests. The ef) 90 206 T
(fect of a cache is that the request/response chain is shortened if) 228.01 206 T
(one of the participants along the chain has a cached response applicable to that request. The) 90 192 T
(following illustrates the resulting chain if B has a cached copy of an earlier response from O) 90 178 T
(\050via) 90 164 T
(C\051 for a request which has not been cached by UA or A.) 111.65 164 T
2 11 Q
(request chain ---------->) 127.78 144.67 T
(UA -----v----- A -----v----- B - - - - - - C - - - - - - O) 108 132.67 T
(<--------- response chain) 127.78 120.67 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
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(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 8]) 506.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
(Not all responses are cachable, and some requests may contain modi\336ers which place special) 90 712 T
-0.03 (requirements on cache behavior) 90 698 P
-0.03 (. Some HTTP/1.0 applications use heuristics to describe what) 242.12 698 P
(is or is not a \322cachable\323 response, but these rules are not standardized.) 90 684 T
(On the Internet, HTTP communication generally takes place over TCP/IP connections. The) 90 664 T
(default port is TCP 80) 90 650 T
([15], but other ports can be used. This does not preclude HTTP from) 199.61 650 T
(being implemented on top of any other protocol on the Internet, or on other networks. HTTP) 90 636 T
-0.6 (only presumes a reliable transport; any protocol that provides such guarantees can be used, and) 90 622 P
(the mapping of the HTTP/1.0 request and response structures onto the transport data units of) 90 608 T
(the protocol in question is outside the scope of this speci\336cation.) 90 594 T
(Except for experimental applications, current practice requires that the connection be) 90 574 T
(established by the client prior to each request and closed by the server after sending the) 90 560 T
-0.02 (response. Both clients and servers should be aware that either party may close the connection) 90 546 P
(prematurely) 90 532 T
(, due to user action, automated time-out, or program failure, and should handle) 147.17 532 T
-0.83 (such closing in a predictable fashion. In any case, the closing of the connection by either or both) 90 518 P
(parties always terminates the current request, regardless of its status.) 90 504 T
1 14 Q
(1.4  HTTP and MIME) 72 476.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP/1.0 uses many of the constructs de\336ned for MIME, as de\336ned in RFC 1521) 90 458 T
([5].) 487.09 458 T
(Appendix C describes the ways in which the context of HTTP allows for dif) 90 444 T
(ferent use of) 455.2 444 T
-0.16 (Internet Media T) 90 430 P
-0.16 (ypes than is typically found in Internet mail, and gives the rationale for those) 170.11 430 P
(dif) 90 416 T
(ferences.) 103.11 416 T
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([Page 9]) 506.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(2.  Notational Conventions and Generic Grammar) 72 708 T
1 14 Q
(2.1  Augmented BNF) 72 678.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.77 (All of the mechanisms speci\336ed in this document are described in both prose and an augmented) 90 660 P
(Backus-Naur Form \050BNF\051 similar to that used by RFC 822) 90 646 T
([7]. Implementors will need to be) 375.84 646 T
(familiar with the notation in order to understand this speci\336cation. The augmented BNF) 90 632 T
(includes the following constructs:) 90 618 T
4 10 Q
(name = definition) 90 599.33 T
0 12 Q
(The name of a rule is simply the name itself \050without any enclosing) 108 586 T
4 10 Q
("<") 434.78 586 T
0 12 Q
( and) 447.72 586 T
4 10 Q
(">") 471.03 586 T
0 12 Q
(\051 and is) 483.96 586 T
(separated from its de\336nition by the equal character) 108 572 T
4 10 Q
("=") 354.48 572 T
0 12 Q
(. Whitespace is only signi\336cant in) 367.41 572 T
(that indentation of continuation lines is used to indicate a rule de\336nition that spans more) 108 558 T
(than one line. Certain basic rules are in uppercase, such as) 108 544 T
4 10 Q
(SP) 390.11 544 T
0 12 Q
(,) 402.11 544 T
4 10 Q
(LWS) 408.11 544 T
0 12 Q
(,) 429.77 544 T
4 10 Q
(HT) 435.76 544 T
0 12 Q
(,) 448.2 544 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 454.19 544 T
0 12 Q
(,) 479.33 544 T
4 10 Q
(DIGIT) 485.33 544 T
0 12 Q
(,) 511.09 544 T
4 10 Q
(ALPHA) 108 530 T
0 12 Q
(, etc. Angle brackets are used within de\336nitions whenever their presence will) 140.77 530 T
(facilitate discerning the use of rule names.) 108 516 T
4 10 Q
("literal") 90 497.33 T
0 12 Q
(Quotation marks surround literal text. Unless stated otherwise, the text is case-insensitive.) 108 484 T
4 10 Q
(rule1 | rule2) 90 465.33 T
0 12 Q
(Elements separated by a bar \050) 108 452 T
4 10 Q
("I") 249.55 452 T
0 12 Q
(\051 are alternatives, e.g.,) 259.42 452 T
4 10 Q
("yes) 368.66 452 T
(|) 390.54 452 T
(no") 395.91 452 T
0 12 Q
( will accept) 410.57 452 T
4 10 Q
(yes) 468.86 452 T
0 12 Q
( or) 484.41 452 T
4 10 Q
(no) 500.4 452 T
0 12 Q
(.) 511.51 452 T
4 10 Q
(\050rule1 rule2\051) 90 433.33 T
0 12 Q
(Elements enclosed in parentheses are treated as a single element. Thus,) 108 420 T
4 10 Q
("\050elem) 108 406 T
(\050foo) 139.31 406 T
(|) 159.31 406 T
(bar\051) 164.69 406 T
(elem\051") 185.24 406 T
0 12 Q
( allows the token sequences) 213.77 406 T
4 10 Q
("elem) 350.01 406 T
(foo) 377.99 406 T
(elem") 394.66 406 T
0 12 Q
( and) 419.87 406 T
4 10 Q
("elem) 443.18 406 T
(bar) 471.17 406 T
(elem") 488.39 406 T
0 12 Q
(.) 513.59 406 T
4 10 Q
(*rule) 90 387.33 T
0 12 Q
(The character) 108 374 T
4 10 Q
("*") 176.59 374 T
0 12 Q
( preceding an element indicates repetition. The full form is) 187.57 374 T
4 10 Q
("<n>*<m>element") 108 360 T
0 12 Q
( indicating at least) 191.76 360 T
4 10 Q
(<n>) 282.37 360 T
0 12 Q
( and at most) 299.61 360 T
4 10 Q
(<m>) 360.9 360 T
0 12 Q
( occurrences of) 380.9 360 T
4 10 Q
(element) 457.16 360 T
0 12 Q
(. Default) 492.71 360 T
-0.27 (values are) 108 346 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 (0) 158.74 346 P
0 12 Q
-0.27 ( and in\336nity so that) 164.3 346 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 ("*\050element\051") 258.56 346 P
0 12 Q
-0.27 ( allows any number) 311.75 346 P
-0.27 (, including zero;) 404.72 346 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 ("1*element") 485.18 346 P
0 12 Q
(requires at least one; and) 108 332 T
4 10 Q
("1*2element") 230.24 332 T
0 12 Q
( allows one or two.) 287.89 332 T
4 10 Q
([rule]) 90 313.33 T
0 12 Q
(Square brackets enclose optional elements;) 108 300 T
4 10 Q
("[foo) 317.51 300 T
(bar]") 340.51 300 T
0 12 Q
( is equivalent to) 361.28 300 T
4 10 Q
("*1\050foo) 440.57 300 T
(bar\051") 473.56 300 T
0 12 Q
(.) 494.88 300 T
5 10 Q
(N) 90 281.33 T
4 F
( rule) 97.22 281.33 T
0 12 Q
(Speci\336c repetition:) 108 268 T
4 10 Q
("<n>\050element\051") 201.94 268 T
0 12 Q
( is equivalent to) 268.48 268 T
4 10 Q
("<n>*<n>\050element\051") 347.77 268 T
0 12 Q
(; that is, exactly) 435.42 268 T
4 10 Q
(<n>) 514.37 268 T
0 12 Q
(occurrences of) 108 254 T
4 10 Q
(\050element\051) 181.26 254 T
0 12 Q
(. Thus) 223.46 254 T
4 10 Q
(2DIGIT) 256.44 254 T
0 12 Q
( is a 2-digit number) 288.66 254 T
(, and) 382.12 254 T
4 10 Q
(3ALPHA) 408.43 254 T
0 12 Q
( is a string of three) 446.76 254 T
(alphabetic characters.) 108 240 T
4 10 Q
(#rule) 90 221.33 T
0 12 Q
(A construct) 108 208 T
4 10 Q
("#") 166.62 208 T
0 12 Q
( is de\336ned, similar to) 179.28 208 T
4 10 Q
("*") 283.22 208 T
0 12 Q
(, for de\336ning lists of elements. The full form is) 294.21 208 T
4 10 Q
-0.18 ("<n>#<m>element") 108 194 P
0 12 Q
-0.2 ( indicating at least) 193.43 194 P
4 10 Q
-0.18 (<n>) 283.25 194 P
0 12 Q
-0.2 ( and at most) 300.48 194 P
4 10 Q
-0.18 (<m>) 360.99 194 P
0 12 Q
-0.2 ( elements, each separated by one) 380.99 194 P
-0.22 (or more commas \050) 108 180 P
4 10 Q
-0.21 (",") 194.93 180 P
0 12 Q
-0.22 (\051 and optional linear whitespace \050L) 204.81 180 P
-0.22 (WS\051. This makes the usual form of) 370.34 180 P
(lists very easy; a rule such as) 108 166 T
4 10 Q
("\050) 250.23 166 T
(*LWS) 259.89 166 T
(element) 288.21 166 T
(*\050) 326.54 166 T
(*LWS) 336.53 166 T
(",") 364.86 166 T
(*LWS) 377.51 166 T
(element) 405.83 166 T
(\051\051) 444.16 166 T
0 12 Q
(" can be shown as) 450.82 166 T
4 10 Q
("1#element") 108 152 T
0 12 Q
(. Wherever this construct is used, null elements are allowed, but do not) 161.76 152 T
-0.34 (contribute to the count of elements present. That is,) 108 138 P
4 10 Q
-0.31 ("\050element\051,) 354.44 138 P
-0.31 (,) 405.76 138 P
-0.31 (\050element\051") 411.31 138 P
0 12 Q
-0.34 ( is permitted, but) 457.07 138 P
-0.42 (counts as only two elements. Therefore, where at least one element is required, at least one) 108 124 P
(non-null element must be present. Default values are) 108 110 T
4 10 Q
(0) 364.14 110 T
0 12 Q
( and in\336nity so that) 369.7 110 T
4 10 Q
("#\050element\051") 465.32 110 T
0 12 Q
(allows any number) 108 96 T
(, including zero;) 198.79 96 T
4 10 Q
("1#element") 280.07 96 T
0 12 Q
( requires at least one; and) 333.83 96 T
4 10 Q
("1#2element") 459.07 96 T
0 12 Q
(allows one or two.) 108 82 T
55.82 162 57.82 174 R
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([Page 10]) 501.42 37.33 T
4 F
(; comment) 90 713.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.66 (A semi-colon, set of) 108 700 P
-0.66 (f some distance to the right of rule text, starts a comment that continues) 203.08 700 P
(to the end of line. This is a simple way of including useful notes in parallel with the) 108 686 T
(speci\336cations.) 108 672 T
4 10 Q
(implied *LWS) 90 653.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.64 (The grammar described by this speci\336cation is word-based. Except where noted otherwise,) 108 640 P
(linear whitespace \050) 108 626 T
4 10 Q
(LWS) 198.59 626 T
0 12 Q
(\051 can be included between any two adjacent words \050) 220.24 626 T
4 10 Q
(token) 469.04 626 T
0 12 Q
( or) 493.48 626 T
4 10 Q
-0.45 (quoted-string) 108 612 P
0 12 Q
-0.48 (\051, and between adjacent tokens and delimiters \050) 166.33 612 P
4 10 Q
-0.45 (tspecials) 388.78 612 P
0 12 Q
-0.48 (\051, without changing the) 427.66 612 P
(interpretation of a \336eld. At least one delimiter \050) 108 598 T
4 10 Q
(tspecials) 334.84 598 T
0 12 Q
(\051 must exist between any two) 373.72 598 T
-0.35 (tokens, since they would otherwise be interpreted as a single token. However) 108 584 P
-0.35 (, applications) 473.74 584 P
(should attempt to follow "common form" when generating HTTP constructs, since there) 108 570 T
(exist some implementations that fail to accept anything beyond the common forms.) 108 556 T
1 14 Q
(2.2  Basic Rules) 72 528.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.44 (The following rules are used throughout this speci\336cation to describe basic parsing constructs.) 90 510 P
(The US-ASCII coded character set is de\336ned by) 90 496 T
([17].) 324.48 496 T
4 10 Q
(OCTET) 108 477.33 T
(=) 189 477.33 T
(<any 8-bit sequence of data>) 198 477.33 T
(CHAR) 108 465.33 T
(=) 189 465.33 T
(<any US-ASCII character \050octets 0 - 127\051>) 198 465.33 T
(UP) 108 453.33 T
(ALPHA) 121.14 453.33 T
(=) 189 453.33 T
(<any US-ASCII uppercase letter "A".."Z">) 198 453.33 T
(LOALPHA) 108 441.33 T
(=) 189 441.33 T
(<any US-ASCII lowercase letter "a".."z">) 198 441.33 T
(ALPHA) 108 429.33 T
(=) 189 429.33 T
(UP) 198 429.33 T
(ALPHA | LOALPHA) 211.14 429.33 T
(DIGIT) 108 417.33 T
(=) 189 417.33 T
(<any US-ASCII digit "0".."9">) 198 417.33 T
(CTL) 108 405.33 T
(=) 189 405.33 T
(<any US-ASCII control character) 198 405.33 T
(\050octets 0 - 31\051 and DEL \050127\051>) 198 393.33 T
(CR) 108 381.33 T
(=) 189 381.33 T
(<US-ASCII CR, carriage return \05013\051>) 198 381.33 T
(LF) 108 369.33 T
(=) 189 369.33 T
(<US-ASCII LF) 198 369.33 T
(, linefeed \05010\051>) 260.49 369.33 T
(SP) 108 357.33 T
(=) 189 357.33 T
(<US-ASCII SP) 198 357.33 T
(, space \05032\051>) 261.98 357.33 T
(HT) 108 345.33 T
(=) 189 345.33 T
(<US-ASCII HT) 198 345.33 T
(, horizontal-tab \0509\051>) 262.14 345.33 T
(<">) 108 333.33 T
(=) 189 333.33 T
(<US-ASCII double-quote mark \05034\051>) 198 333.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.37 (HTTP/1.0 de\336nes the octet sequence) 90 316 P
4 10 Q
-0.34 (CR LF) 267.35 316 P
0 12 Q
-0.37 ( as the end-of-line marker for all protocol elements) 295.88 316 P
(except the) 90 302 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 141.96 302 T
0 12 Q
( \050see Appendix B for tolerant applications\051. The end-of-line marker) 193.06 302 T
(within an) 90 288 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 137.97 288 T
0 12 Q
( is de\336ned by its associated media type, as described in Section) 189.08 288 T
(3.6.) 495.21 288 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 108 269.33 T
(=) 189 269.33 T
(CR LF) 198 269.33 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP/1.0 headers may be folded onto multiple lines if each continuation line begins with a) 90 252 T
-0.31 (space or horizontal tab. All linear whitespace, including folding, has the same semantics as) 90 238 P
4 10 Q
-0.29 (SP) 525 238 P
0 12 Q
-0.31 (.) 537 238 P
4 10 Q
(LWS) 108 219.33 T
(=) 189 219.33 T
([CRLF] 1*\050 SP | HT \051) 198 219.33 T
0 12 Q
(However) 90 202 T
(, folding of header lines is not expected by some applications, and should not be) 133.48 202 T
(generated by HTTP/1.0 applications.) 90 188 T
-0.22 (The) 90 168 P
4 10 Q
-0.2 (TEXT) 111.43 168 P
0 12 Q
-0.22 ( rule is only used for descriptive \336eld contents and values that are not intended to be) 136.98 168 P
-0.68 (interpreted by the message parser) 90 154 P
-0.68 (. W) 247.17 154 P
-0.68 (ords of) 262.86 154 P
4 10 Q
-0.63 (*TEXT) 298.14 154 P
0 12 Q
-0.68 ( may contain octets from character sets other) 327.58 154 P
(than US-ASCII.) 90 140 T
4 10 Q
(TEXT) 108 121.33 T
(= <any OCTET except CTLs,) 189 121.33 T
(but including L) 198 109.33 T
(WS>) 261.7 109.33 T
0 12 Q
(Recipients of header \336eld) 90 92 T
4 10 Q
(TEXT) 215.91 92 T
0 12 Q
( containing octets outside the US-ASCII character set may) 241.45 92 T
(assume that they represent ISO-8859-1 characters.) 90 78 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
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(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 11]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
(Hexadecimal numeric characters are used in several protocol elements.) 90 712 T
4 10 Q
(HEX) 108 693.33 T
(=) 189 693.33 T
("A" | "B" | "C" | "D" | "E" | "F") 198 693.33 T
(|) 189 681.33 T
("a" | "b" | "c" | "d" | "e" | "f" | DIGIT) 198 681.33 T
0 12 Q
(Many HTTP/1.0 header \336eld values consist of words separated by) 90 664 T
4 10 Q
(LWS) 410.1 664 T
0 12 Q
( or special characters.) 431.76 664 T
(These special characters must be in a quoted string to be used within a parameter value.) 90 650 T
4 10 Q
(word) 108 631.33 T
(= token | quoted-string) 189 631.33 T
(token) 108 615.33 T
(= 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or tspecials>) 189 615.33 T
(tspecials) 108 599.33 T
(= "\050" | "\051" | "<" | ">" | "@") 189 599.33 T
(|) 189 587.33 T
("," | ";" | ":" | "\134" | <">) 198 587.33 T
(|) 189 575.33 T
("/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "=") 198 575.33 T
(|) 189 563.33 T
("{" | "}" | SP | HT) 198 563.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.76 (Comments may be included in some HTTP header \336elds by surrounding the comment text with) 90 546 P
(parentheses. Comments are only allowed in \336elds containing ") 90 532 T
4 10 Q
(comment) 389.7 532 T
0 12 Q
(" as part of their \336eld) 430.8 532 T
(value de\336nition. In all other \336elds, parentheses are considered part of the \336eld value.) 90 518 T
4 10 Q
(comment) 108 499.33 T
(=) 189 499.33 T
("\050" *\050 ctext | comment \051 "\051") 198 499.33 T
(ctext) 108 487.33 T
(=) 189 487.33 T
(<any TEXT excluding "\050" and "\051">) 198 487.33 T
0 12 Q
(A string of text is parsed as a single word if it is quoted using double-quote marks.) 90 470 T
4 10 Q
(quoted-string) 108 451.33 T
(=) 189 451.33 T
(\050 <"> *\050qdtext\051 <"> \051) 198 451.33 T
(qdtext) 108 435.33 T
(= <any CHAR except <"> and CTLs,) 189 435.33 T
(but including L) 198 423.33 T
(WS>) 261.7 423.33 T
0 12 Q
(Single-character quoting using the backslash \050"\134"\051 character is not permitted in HTTP/1.0.) 90 406 T
55.82 678 57.82 720 R
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 12]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(3.  Pr) 72 708 T
(otocol Parameters) 113.14 708 T
1 14 Q
(3.1  HTTP V) 72 678.67 T
(ersion) 146.9 678.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.22 (HTTP uses a "<major>.<minor>" numbering scheme to indicate versions of the protocol. The) 90 660 P
(protocol versioning policy is intended to allow the sender to indicate the format of a message) 90 646 T
(and its capacity for understanding further HTTP communication, rather than the features) 90 632 T
-0.38 (obtained via that communication. No change is made to the version number for the addition of) 90 618 P
(message components which do not af) 90 604 T
(fect communication behavior or which only add to) 269.33 604 T
(extensible \336eld values. The <minor> number is incremented when the changes made to the) 90 590 T
(protocol add features which do not change the general message parsing algorithm, but which) 90 576 T
-0.75 (may add to the message semantics and imply additional capabilities of the sender) 90 562 P
-0.75 (. The <major>) 470.09 562 P
(number is incremented when the format of a message within the protocol is changed.) 90 548 T
(The version of an HTTP message is indicated by an) 90 528 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-Version) 341.15 528 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld in the \336rst line of the) 404.46 528 T
-0.31 (message. If the protocol version is not speci\336ed, the recipient must assume that the message is) 90 514 P
(in the simple HTTP/0.9 format.) 90 500 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-V) 108 481.33 T
(ersion) 143.54 481.33 T
(=) 189 481.33 T
("HTTP" "/" 1*DIGIT "." 1*DIGIT) 198 481.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.78 (Note that the major and minor numbers should be treated as separate integers and that each may) 90 464 P
-0.34 (be incremented higher than a single digit. Thus, HTTP/2.4 is a lower version than HTTP/2.13,) 90 450 P
(which in turn is lower than HTTP/12.3. Leading zeros should be ignored by recipients and) 90 436 T
(never generated by senders.) 90 422 T
(This document de\336nes both the 0.9 and 1.0 versions of the HTTP protocol. Applications) 90 402 T
(sending) 90 388 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Request) 130.31 388 T
0 12 Q
( or) 186.96 388 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Response) 202.95 388 T
0 12 Q
( messages, as de\336ned by this speci\336cation, must include) 267.37 388 T
(an) 90 374 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-Version) 104.32 374 T
0 12 Q
( of \322) 167.62 374 T
2 11 Q
(HTTP/1.0) 188.94 374 T
0 12 Q
(\323.) 241.67 374 T
(HTTP/1.0 servers must:) 90 354 T
(\245) 108 334 T
(recognize the format of the) 117 334 T
4 10 Q
(Request-Line) 249.89 334 T
0 12 Q
( for HTTP/0.9 and HTTP/1.0 requests;) 309.32 334 T
(\245) 108 319 T
(understand any valid request in the format of HTTP/0.9 or HTTP/1.0;) 117 319 T
(\245) 108 304 T
(respond appropriately with a message in the same protocol version used by the client.) 117 304 T
(HTTP/1.0 clients must:) 90 284 T
(\245) 108 264 T
(recognize the format of the) 117 264 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Line) 249.89 264 T
0 12 Q
( for HTTP/1.0 responses;) 300.44 264 T
(\245) 108 249 T
(understand any valid response in the format of HTTP/0.9 or HTTP/1.0.) 117 249 T
(Proxy and gateway applications must be careful in forwarding requests that are received in a) 90 229 T
-0.27 (format dif) 90 215 P
-0.27 (ferent than that of the application\325) 137.81 215 P
-0.27 (s native HTTP version. Since the protocol version) 299.33 215 P
(indicates the protocol capability of the sender) 90 201 T
(, a proxy/gateway must never send a message) 308.03 201 T
(with a version indicator which is greater than its native version; if a higher version request is) 90 187 T
(received, the proxy/gateway must either downgrade the request version or respond with an) 90 173 T
(error) 90 159 T
(. Requests with a version lower than that of the application\325) 112.64 159 T
(s native format may be) 398.12 159 T
-0.82 (upgraded before being forwarded; the proxy/gateway\325) 90 145 P
-0.82 (s response to that request must follow the) 344.68 145 P
(server requirements listed above.) 90 131 T
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(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 13]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(3.2  Uniform Resour) 72 710.67 T
(ce Identi\336ers) 193.77 710.67 T
0 12 Q
(URIs have been known by many names: WWW addresses, Universal Document Identi\336ers,) 90 692 T
-0.3 (Universal Resource Identi\336ers) 90 678 P
-0.3 ([2], and \336nally the combination of Uniform Resource Locators) 238.28 678 P
-0.71 (\050URL\051) 90 664 P
-0.71 ([4] and Names \050URN\051) 124.97 664 P
-0.71 ([16]. As far as HTTP is concerned, Uniform Resource Identi\336ers) 232.73 664 P
-0.75 (are simply formatted strings which identify\321via name, location, or any other characteristic\321a) 90 650 P
(network resource.) 90 636 T
1 F
(3.2.1 General Syntax) 72 616 T
0 F
(URIs in HTTP can be represented in absolute form or relative to some known base URI) 90 598 T
([9],) 513.69 598 T
(depending upon the context of their use. The two forms are dif) 90 584 T
(ferentiated by the fact that) 390.23 584 T
(absolute URIs always begin with a scheme name followed by a colon.) 90 570 T
4 10 Q
(URI) 108 551.33 T
(=) 189 551.33 T
(\050 absoluteURI | relativeURI \051 [ "#" fragment ]) 198 551.33 T
(absoluteURI) 108 535.33 T
(=) 189 535.33 T
(scheme ":" *\050 uchar | reserved \051) 198 535.33 T
(relativeURI) 108 519.33 T
(=) 189 519.33 T
(net_path | abs_path | rel_path) 198 519.33 T
(net_path) 108 503.33 T
(=) 189 503.33 T
("//" net_loc [ abs_path ]) 198 503.33 T
(abs_path) 108 491.33 T
(=) 189 491.33 T
("/" rel_path) 198 491.33 T
(rel_path) 108 479.33 T
(=) 189 479.33 T
([ path ] [ ";" params ] [ "?" query ]) 198 479.33 T
(path) 108 463.33 T
(=) 189 463.33 T
(fsegment *\050 "/" segment \051) 198 463.33 T
(fsegment) 108 451.33 T
(=) 189 451.33 T
(1*pchar) 198 451.33 T
(segment) 108 439.33 T
(=) 189 439.33 T
(*pchar) 198 439.33 T
(params) 108 423.33 T
(=) 189 423.33 T
(param *\050 ";" param \051) 198 423.33 T
(param) 108 411.33 T
(=) 189 411.33 T
(*\050 pchar | "/" \051) 198 411.33 T
(scheme) 108 395.33 T
(=) 189 395.33 T
(1*\050 ALPHA | DIGIT | "+" | "-" | "." \051) 198 395.33 T
(net_loc) 108 383.33 T
(=) 189 383.33 T
(*\050 pchar | ";" | "?" \051) 198 383.33 T
(query) 108 371.33 T
(=) 189 371.33 T
(*\050 uchar | reserved \051) 198 371.33 T
(fragment) 108 359.33 T
(=) 189 359.33 T
(*\050 uchar | reserved \051) 198 359.33 T
(pchar) 108 343.33 T
(=) 189 343.33 T
(uchar | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+") 198 343.33 T
(uchar) 108 331.33 T
(=) 189 331.33 T
(unreserved | escape) 198 331.33 T
(unreserved) 108 319.33 T
(=) 189 319.33 T
(ALPHA | DIGIT | safe | extra | national) 198 319.33 T
(escape) 108 303.33 T
(=) 189 303.33 T
("%" HEX HEX) 198 303.33 T
(reserved) 108 291.33 T
(=) 189 291.33 T
(";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+") 198 291.33 T
(extra) 108 279.33 T
(=) 189 279.33 T
("!" | "*" | "\325" | "\050" | "\051" | ",") 198 279.33 T
(safe) 108 267.33 T
(=) 189 267.33 T
("$" | "-" | "_" | ".") 198 267.33 T
(unsafe) 108 255.33 T
(=) 189 255.33 T
(CTL | SP | <"> | "#" | "%" | "<" | ">") 198 255.33 T
(national) 108 243.33 T
(=) 189 243.33 T
(<any OCTET excluding ALPHA, DIGIT) 198 243.33 T
(,) 368.25 243.33 T
(reserved, extra, safe, and unsafe>) 198 231.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.65 (For de\336nitive information on URL syntax and semantics, see RFC 1738) 90 214 P
-0.65 ([4] and RFC) 432.01 214 P
-0.65 (1808) 493.68 214 P
-0.65 ([9].) 520.66 214 P
(The BNF above includes) 90 200 T
4 10 Q
(national) 212.59 200 T
0 12 Q
( characters not allowed in valid URLs as speci\336ed by) 247.59 200 T
-0.27 (RFC) 90 186 P
-0.27 (1738, since HTTP servers are not restricted in the set of) 115.67 186 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 (unreserved) 383.18 186 P
0 12 Q
-0.27 ( characters allowed to) 433.17 186 P
(represent the) 90 172 T
4 10 Q
(rel_path) 154.61 172 T
0 12 Q
( part of addresses, and HTTP proxies may receive requests for URIs not) 190.72 172 T
(de\336ned by RFC) 90 158 T
(1738.) 168.96 158 T
1 F
(3.2.2 http URL) 72 138 T
0 F
(The "http" scheme is used to locate network resources via the HTTP protocol. This section) 90 120 T
(de\336nes the scheme-speci\336c syntax and semantics for http URLs.) 90 106 T
4 10 Q
(http_URL) 108 87.33 T
(=) 189 87.33 T
("http:" "//" host [ ":" port ] [ abs_path ]) 198 87.33 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 14]) 501.42 37.33 T
4 F
(host) 108 713.33 T
(=) 189 713.33 T
(<A legal Internet host domain name) 198 713.33 T
(or IP address \050in dotted-decimal form\051,) 200.78 701.33 T
(as de\336ned by Section 2.1 of RFC 1) 200.78 689.33 T
(123>) 355.03 689.33 T
(port) 108 673.33 T
(=) 189 673.33 T
(*DIGIT) 198 673.33 T
0 12 Q
(If the) 90 656 T
4 10 Q
(port) 118.64 656 T
0 12 Q
( is empty or not given, port 80 is assumed. The semantics are that the identi\336ed) 135.86 656 T
-0.19 (resource is located at the server listening for TCP connections on that) 90 642 P
4 10 Q
-0.18 (port) 424.11 642 P
0 12 Q
-0.19 ( of that) 441.33 642 P
4 10 Q
-0.18 (host) 477.72 642 P
0 12 Q
-0.19 (, and the) 496.61 642 P
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 90 628 T
0 12 Q
( for the resource is) 147.76 628 T
4 10 Q
(abs_path) 240.01 628 T
0 12 Q
(. If the) 281.13 628 T
4 10 Q
(abs_path) 315.77 628 T
0 12 Q
( is not present in the URL, it must be) 356.88 628 T
(given as "/" when used as a) 90 614 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 224.03 614 T
0 12 Q
( \050Section) 281.79 614 T
(5.1.2\051.) 327.76 614 T
6 F
-0.56 (Note:) 108 594 P
3 F
-0.56 (Although the HTTP pr) 137.75 594 P
-0.56 (otocol is independent of the transport layer pr) 243.26 594 P
-0.56 (otocol, the) 460.48 594 P
-0.85 (http URL only identi\336es r) 108 582 P
-0.85 (esour) 226.11 582 P
-0.85 (ces by their TCP location, and thus non-TCP r) 252.32 582 P
-0.85 (esour) 469.33 582 P
-0.85 (ces) 495.53 582 P
(must be identi\336ed by some other URI scheme.) 108 570 T
0 F
-0.49 (The canonical form for "http" URLs is obtained by converting any) 90 552 P
4 10 Q
-0.46 (UPALPHA) 406.49 552 P
0 12 Q
-0.49 ( characters in) 453.14 552 P
4 10 Q
-0.46 (host) 518.6 552 P
0 12 Q
(to their) 90 538 T
4 10 Q
(LOALPHA) 127.31 538 T
0 12 Q
( equivalent \050hostnames are case-insensitive\051, eliding the) 173.42 538 T
4 10 Q
([ ":" port ]) 444.55 538 T
0 12 Q
( if the port) 485.54 538 T
(is 80, and replacing an empty) 90 524 T
4 10 Q
(abs_path) 234.23 524 T
0 12 Q
( with "/".) 275.35 524 T
1 14 Q
(3.3  Date/T) 72 496.67 T
(ime Formats) 137.43 496.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.19 (HTTP/1.0 applications have historically allowed three dif) 90 478 P
-0.19 (ferent formats for the representation) 364.78 478 P
(of date/time stamps:) 90 464 T
2 11 Q
(Sun, 06 Nov 1994 08:49:37 GMT) 108 444.67 T
(; RFC 822, updated by RFC 1123) 325.53 444.67 T
(Sunday, 06-Nov-94 08:49:37 GMT) 108 432.67 T
(; RFC 850, obsoleted by RFC 1036) 325.53 432.67 T
(Sun Nov) 108 420.67 T
(6 08:49:37 1994) 167.33 420.67 T
(; ANSI C\325s asctime\050\051 format) 325.53 420.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.35 (The \336rst format is preferred as an Internet standard and represents a \336xed-length subset of that) 90 402 P
-0.6 (de\336ned by RFC 1) 90 388 P
-0.6 (123) 172.71 388 P
-0.6 ([6] \050an update to RFC 822) 193.69 388 P
-0.6 ([7]\051. The second format is in common use, but) 319.92 388 P
-0.69 (is based on the obsolete RFC 850) 90 374 P
-0.69 ([10] date format and lacks a four) 249.41 374 P
-0.69 (-digit year) 402.19 374 P
-0.69 (. HTTP/1.0 clients) 450.47 374 P
(and servers that parse the date value should accept all three formats, though they must never) 90 360 T
(generate the third \050asctime\051 format.) 90 346 T
6 F
-0.37 (Note:) 108 326 P
3 F
-0.37 (Recipients of date values ar) 137.94 326 P
-0.37 (e encouraged to be r) 269.27 326 P
-0.37 (obust in accepting date values) 366.61 326 P
(that may have been generated by non-HTTP applications, as is sometimes the case) 108 314 T
(when r) 108 302 T
(etrieving or posting messages via pr) 140.54 302 T
(oxies/gateways to SMTP or NNTP) 314.32 302 T
(.) 477.36 302 T
0 F
(All HTTP/1.0 date/time stamps must be represented in Universal T) 90 284 T
(ime \050UT\051, also known as) 411.38 284 T
-0.42 (Greenwich Mean T) 90 270 P
-0.42 (ime \050GMT\051, without exception. This is indicated in the \336rst two formats by) 181.99 270 P
-0.07 (the inclusion of \322GMT\323 as the three-letter abbreviation for time zone, and should be assumed) 90 256 P
(when reading the asctime format.) 90 242 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-date) 108 223.33 T
(=) 189 223.33 T
(rfc1) 198 223.33 T
(123-date | rfc850-date | asctime-date) 213.92 223.33 T
(rfc1) 108 207.33 T
(123-date) 123.92 207.33 T
(=) 189 207.33 T
(wkday "," SP date1 SP time SP "GMT") 198 207.33 T
(rfc850-date) 108 195.33 T
(=) 189 195.33 T
(weekday "," SP date2 SP time SP "GMT") 198 195.33 T
(asctime-date) 108 183.33 T
(= wkday SP date3 SP time SP 4DIGIT) 189 183.33 T
(date1) 108 167.33 T
(=) 189 167.33 T
(2DIGIT SP month SP 4DIGIT) 198 167.33 T
(; day month year \050e.g., 02 Jun 1982\051) 198 155.33 T
(date2) 108 143.33 T
(=) 189 143.33 T
(2DIGIT "-" month "-" 2DIGIT) 198 143.33 T
(; day-month-year \050e.g., 02-Jun-82\051) 198 131.33 T
(date3) 108 119.33 T
(=) 189 119.33 T
(month SP \050 2DIGIT | \050 SP 1DIGIT \051\051) 198 119.33 T
(; month day \050e.g., Jun) 198 107.33 T
(2\051) 300.22 107.33 T
(time) 108 91.33 T
(=) 189 91.33 T
(2DIGIT ":" 2DIGIT ":" 2DIGIT) 198 91.33 T
(; 00:00:00 - 23:59:59) 198 79.33 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 15]) 501.42 37.33 T
4 F
(wkday) 108 713.33 T
(=) 189 713.33 T
("Mon" | "T) 198 713.33 T
(ue" | "W) 241.98 713.33 T
(ed") 277.6 713.33 T
(|) 189 701.33 T
("Thu" | "Fri" | "Sat" | "Sun") 198 701.33 T
(weekday) 108 685.33 T
(=) 189 685.33 T
("Monday" | "T) 198 685.33 T
(uesday" | "W) 258.09 685.33 T
(ednesday") 314.82 685.33 T
(|) 189 673.33 T
("Thursday" | "Friday" | "Saturday" | "Sunday") 198 673.33 T
(month) 108 657.33 T
(=) 189 657.33 T
("Jan" | "Feb" | "Mar" | "Apr") 198 657.33 T
(|) 189 645.33 T
("May" | "Jun" | "Jul" | "Aug") 198 645.33 T
(|) 189 633.33 T
("Sep" | "Oct" | "Nov" | "Dec") 198 633.33 T
6 12 Q
(Note:) 108 616 T
3 F
(HTTP r) 138.31 616 T
(equir) 174.85 616 T
(ements for the date/time stamp format apply only to their usage) 199.73 616 T
-0.11 (within the pr) 108 604 P
-0.11 (otocol str) 168.65 604 P
-0.11 (eam. Clients and servers ar) 213.74 604 P
-0.11 (e not r) 345.1 604 P
-0.11 (equir) 375.75 604 P
-0.11 (ed to use these formats) 400.62 604 P
(for user pr) 108 592 T
(esentation, r) 158.86 592 T
(equest logging, etc.) 218.39 592 T
1 14 Q
(3.4  Character Sets) 72 566.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP uses the same de\336nition of the term "character set" as that described for MIME:) 90 548 T
(The term "character set" is used in this document to refer to a method used with) 117 528 T
(one or more tables to convert a sequence of octets into a sequence of characters.) 117 514 T
(Note that unconditional conversion in the other direction is not required, in that) 117 500 T
-0.71 (not all characters may be available in a given character set and a character set may) 117 486 P
-0.41 (provide more than one sequence of octets to represent a particular character) 117 472 P
-0.41 (. This) 474.5 472 P
-0.2 (de\336nition is intended to allow various kinds of character encodings, from simple) 117 458 P
(single-table mappings such as US-ASCII to complex table switching methods) 117 444 T
-0.19 (such as those that use ISO 2022\325) 117 430 P
-0.19 (s techniques. However) 271.77 430 P
-0.19 (, the de\336nition associated) 379.83 430 P
-0.38 (with a MIME character set name must fully specify the mapping to be performed) 117 416 P
(from octets to characters. In particular) 117 402 T
(, use of external pro\336ling information to) 299.7 402 T
(determine the exact mapping is not permitted.) 117 388 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 368 T
3 F
(This use of the term "character set" is mor) 138.31 368 T
(e commonly r) 341.82 368 T
(eferr) 406.66 368 T
(ed to as a) 429.53 368 T
-0.41 ("character encoding." However) 108 356 P
-0.41 (, since HTTP and MIME shar) 258.82 356 P
-0.41 (e the same r) 398.93 356 P
-0.41 (egistry) 455.57 356 P
-0.41 (, it is) 487.55 356 P
(important that the terminology also be shar) 108 344 T
(ed.) 316.78 344 T
0 F
(HTTP character sets are identi\336ed by case-insensitive tokens. The complete set of tokens are) 90 326 T
(de\336ned by the IANA Character Set registry) 90 312 T
([15]. However) 301.5 312 T
(, because that registry does not) 370.96 312 T
-0.14 (de\336ne a single, consistent token for each character set, we de\336ne here the preferred names for) 90 298 P
(those character sets most likely to be used with HTTP entities. These character sets include) 90 284 T
(those registered by RFC 1521) 90 270 T
([5] \321 the US-ASCII) 236.25 270 T
([17] and ISO-) 339.51 270 T
(8859) 406.12 270 T
([18] character sets \321) 433.11 270 T
(and other names speci\336cally recommended for use within MIME charset parameters.) 90 256 T
4 10 Q
(charset) 108 237.33 T
(=) 153 237.33 T
("US-ASCII") 162 237.33 T
(|) 153 225.33 T
("ISO-8859-1" | "ISO-8859-2" | "ISO-8859-3") 162 225.33 T
(|) 153 213.33 T
("ISO-8859-4" | "ISO-8859-5" | "ISO-8859-6") 162 213.33 T
(|) 153 201.33 T
("ISO-8859-7" | "ISO-8859-8" | "ISO-8859-9") 162 201.33 T
(|) 153 189.33 T
("ISO-2022-JP" | "ISO-2022-JP-2" | "ISO-2022-KR") 162 189.33 T
(|) 153 177.33 T
("UNICODE-1-1" | "UNICODE-1-1-UTF-7" | "UNICODE-1-1-UTF-8") 162 177.33 T
(|) 153 165.33 T
(token) 162 165.33 T
0 12 Q
(Although HTTP allows an arbitrary token to be used as a charset value, any token that has a) 90 148 T
-0.13 (prede\336ned value within the IANA Character Set registry) 90 134 P
-0.13 ([15] must represent the character set) 363.58 134 P
-0.62 (de\336ned by that registry) 90 120 P
-0.62 (. Applications should limit their use of character sets to those de\336ned by) 198.29 120 P
(the IANA registry) 90 106 T
(.) 176.48 106 T
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0 10 Q
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0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 16]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
(The character set of an entity body should be labelled as the lowest common denominator of) 90 712 T
-0.44 (the character codes used within that body) 90 698 P
-0.44 (, with the exception that no label is preferred over the) 285.08 698 P
(labels US-ASCII or ISO-8859-1.) 90 684 T
1 14 Q
(3.5  Content Codings) 72 656.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.49 (Content coding values are used to indicate an encoding transformation that has been applied to) 90 638 P
(a resource. Content codings are primarily used to allow a document to be compressed or) 90 624 T
(encrypted without losing the identity of its underlying media type. T) 90 610 T
(ypically) 417.3 610 T
(, the resource is) 455.16 610 T
(stored in this encoding and only decoded before rendering or analogous usage.) 90 596 T
4 10 Q
(content-coding) 108 577.33 T
(=) 234 577.33 T
("x-gzip" | "x-compress" | token) 243 577.33 T
6 12 Q
(Note:) 108 560 T
3 F
(For futur) 138.31 560 T
(e compatibility) 182.18 560 T
(, HTTP/1.0 applications should consider "gzip" and) 253.14 560 T
("compr) 108 548 T
(ess" to be equivalent to "x-gzip" and "x-compr) 143.24 548 T
(ess", r) 365.8 548 T
(espectively) 395.71 548 T
(.) 447.67 548 T
0 F
(All) 90 530 T
4 10 Q
(content-coding) 108.33 530 T
0 12 Q
( values are case-insensitive. HTTP/1.0 uses) 173.88 530 T
4 10 Q
(content-coding) 385.06 530 T
0 12 Q
( values in the) 450.61 530 T
4 10 Q
-0.41 (Content-Encoding) 90 516 P
0 12 Q
-0.44 ( \050Section) 170 516 P
-0.44 (10.3\051 header \336eld. Although the value describes the content-coding,) 215.53 516 P
-0.81 (what is more important is that it indicates what decoding mechanism will be required to remove) 90 502 P
-0.29 (the encoding. Note that a single program may be capable of decoding multiple content-coding) 90 488 P
(formats. T) 90 474 T
(wo values are de\336ned by this speci\336cation:) 139.12 474 T
4 10 Q
(x-gzip) 90 454 T
0 12 Q
(An encoding format produced by the \336le compression program "gzip" \050GNU zip\051) 108 440 T
-0.12 (developed by Jean-loup Gailly) 108 426 P
-0.12 (. This format is typically a Lempel-Ziv coding \050LZ77\051 with) 253.75 426 P
(a 32 bit CRC.) 108 412 T
4 10 Q
(x-compress) 90 392 T
0 12 Q
(The encoding format produced by the \336le compression program "compress". This format) 108 378 T
(is an adaptive Lempel-Ziv-W) 108 364 T
(elch coding \050LZW\051.) 248.6 364 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 344 T
3 F
(Use of pr) 138.31 344 T
(ogram names for the identi\336cation of encoding formats is not) 182.5 344 T
(desirable and should be discouraged for futur) 108 332 T
(e encodings. Their use her) 328.1 332 T
(e is) 454.57 332 T
(r) 108 320 T
(epr) 112.22 320 T
(esentative of historical practice, not good design.) 127.76 320 T
1 14 Q
(3.6  Media T) 72 294.67 T
(ypes) 146.37 294.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP uses Internet Media T) 90 276 T
(ypes) 227.06 276 T
([13] in the) 252.04 276 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 305.01 276 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld \050Section) 365.55 276 T
(10.5\051 in order) 470.81 276 T
(to provide open and extensible data typing.) 90 262 T
4 10 Q
(media-type) 108 243.33 T
(=) 189 243.33 T
(type "/" subtype *\050 ";" parameter \051) 198 243.33 T
(type) 108 231.33 T
(=) 189 231.33 T
(token) 198 231.33 T
(subtype) 108 219.33 T
(=) 189 219.33 T
(token) 198 219.33 T
0 12 Q
( Parameters may follow the type/subtype in the form of attribute/value pairs.) 90 202 T
4 10 Q
(parameter) 108 183.33 T
(=) 189 183.33 T
(attribute "=" value) 198 183.33 T
(attribute) 108 171.33 T
(=) 189 171.33 T
(token) 198 171.33 T
(value) 108 159.33 T
(=) 189 159.33 T
(token | quoted-string) 198 159.33 T
0 12 Q
(The type, subtype, and parameter attribute names are case-insensitive. Parameter values may) 90 142 T
-0.67 (or may not be case-sensitive, depending on the semantics of the parameter name.) 90 128 P
4 10 Q
-0.62 (LWS) 472.69 128 P
0 12 Q
-0.67 ( must not) 494.35 128 P
-0.81 (be generated between the type and subtype, nor between an attribute and its value. Upon receipt) 90 114 P
-0.19 (of a media type with an unrecognized parameter) 90 100 P
-0.19 (, a user agent should treat the media type as if) 319.63 100 P
(the unrecognized parameter and its value were not present.) 90 86 T
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0 10 Q
0 X
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 17]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
(Some older HTTP applications do not recognize media type parameters. HTTP/1.0) 90 712 T
(applications should only use media type parameters when they are necessary to de\336ne the) 90 698 T
(content of a message.) 90 684 T
(Media-type values are registered with the Internet Assigned Number Authority \050IANA) 90 664 T
([15]\051.) 508.68 664 T
-0.59 (The media type registration process is outlined in RFC) 90 650 P
-0.59 (1590) 350.78 650 P
-0.59 ([13]. Use of non-registered media) 377.76 650 P
(types is discouraged.) 90 636 T
1 F
(3.6.1 Canonicalization and Text Defaults) 72 616 T
0 F
-0.53 (Internet media types are registered with a canonical form. In general, an) 90 598 P
4 10 Q
-0.49 (Entity-Body) 432.02 598 P
0 12 Q
-0.53 ( transferred) 483.12 598 P
-0.67 (via HTTP must be represented in the appropriate canonical form prior to its transmission. If the) 90 584 P
(body has been encoded with a) 90 570 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Encoding) 237.22 570 T
0 12 Q
(, the underlying data should be in canonical) 317.21 570 T
(form prior to being encoded.) 90 556 T
(Media subtypes of the "text" type use) 90 536 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 272.67 536 T
0 12 Q
( as the text line break when in canonical form.) 298.77 536 T
-0.78 (However) 90 522 P
-0.78 (, HTTP allows the transport of text media with plain) 133.48 522 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (CR) 379.83 522 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 ( or) 394.26 522 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (LF) 408.68 522 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 ( alone representing a line) 420.34 522 P
-0.78 (break when used consistently within the) 90 508 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Entity-Body) 280.5 508 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 (. HTTP applications must accept) 330.82 508 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (CRLF) 486.8 508 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 (, bare) 511.93 508 P
4 10 Q
(CR) 90 494 T
0 12 Q
(, and bare) 104.43 494 T
4 10 Q
(LF) 154.38 494 T
0 12 Q
( as being representative of a line break in text media received via HTTP) 166.05 494 T
(.) 509.44 494 T
-0.37 (In addition, if the text media is represented in a character set that does not use octets 13 and 10) 90 474 P
-0.12 (for) 90 460 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (CR) 106.86 460 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( and) 121.3 460 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (LF) 144.38 460 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( respectively) 156.04 460 P
-0.12 (, as is the case for some multi-byte character sets, HTTP allows the) 216.1 460 P
-0.31 (use of whatever octet sequences are de\336ned by that character set to represent the equivalent of) 90 446 P
4 10 Q
(CR) 90 432 T
0 12 Q
( and) 104.43 432 T
4 10 Q
(LF) 127.75 432 T
0 12 Q
( for line breaks. This \337exibility regarding line breaks applies only to text media in) 139.41 432 T
(the) 90 418 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 107.65 418 T
0 12 Q
(; a bare) 158.76 418 T
4 10 Q
(CR) 197.05 418 T
0 12 Q
( or) 211.48 418 T
4 10 Q
(LF) 227.47 418 T
0 12 Q
( should not be substituted for) 239.13 418 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 381.72 418 T
0 12 Q
( within any of the HTTP) 407.82 418 T
(control structures \050such as header \336elds and multipart boundaries\051.) 90 404 T
-0.61 (The "charset" parameter is used with some media types to de\336ne the character set \050Section) 90 384 P
-0.61 (3.4\051) 518.62 384 P
(of the data. When no explicit charset parameter is provided by the sender) 90 370 T
(, media subtypes of) 440.24 370 T
(the "text" type are de\336ned to have a default charset value of "ISO-8859-1" when received via) 90 356 T
(HTTP) 90 342 T
(. Data in character sets other than "ISO-8859-1" or its subsets must be labelled with an) 118.65 342 T
(appropriate charset value in order to be consistently interpreted by the recipient.) 90 328 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 308 T
3 F
(Many curr) 138.31 308 T
(ent HTTP servers pr) 188.82 308 T
(ovide data using charsets other than) 286.65 308 T
-0.59 ("ISO-8859-1" without pr) 108 296 P
-0.59 (oper labelling. This situation r) 225.73 296 P
-0.59 (educes inter) 369.88 296 P
-0.59 (operability and is) 427.14 296 P
(not r) 108 284 T
(ecommended. T) 130.55 284 T
(o compensate for this, some HTTP user agents pr) 204.71 284 T
(ovide a) 441.8 284 T
(con\336guration option to allow the user to change the default interpr) 108 272 T
(etation of the) 429.39 272 T
(media type character set when no charset parameter is given.) 108 260 T
1 F
(3.6.2 Multipart Types) 72 242 T
0 F
-0.26 (MIME provides for a number of \322multipart\323 types \321 encapsulations of several entities within) 90 224 P
(a single message\325) 90 210 T
(s) 173.94 210 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 181.61 210 T
0 12 Q
(. The multipart types registered by IANA) 231.93 210 T
([15] do not have any) 433.12 210 T
-0.09 (special meaning for HTTP/1.0, though user agents may need to understand each type in order) 90 196 P
(to correctly interpret the purpose of each body-part. An HTTP user agent should follow the) 90 182 T
(same or similar behavior as a MIME user agent does upon receipt of a multipart type. HTTP) 90 168 T
(servers should not assume that all HTTP clients are prepared to handle multipart types.) 90 154 T
(All multipart types share a common syntax and must include a boundary parameter as part of) 90 134 T
-0.84 (the media type value. The message body is itself a protocol element and must therefore use only) 90 120 P
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 90 106 T
0 12 Q
( to represent line breaks between body-parts. Multipart body-parts may contain HTTP) 116.1 106 T
(header \336elds which are signi\336cant to the meaning of that part.) 90 92 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 18]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(3.7  Pr) 72 710.67 T
(oduct T) 111 710.67 T
(okens) 155.97 710.67 T
0 12 Q
(Product tokens are used to allow communicating applications to identify themselves via a) 90 692 T
-0.31 (simple product token, with an optional slash and version designator) 90 678 P
-0.31 (. Most \336elds using product) 410.3 678 P
(tokens also allow subproducts which form a signi\336cant part of the application to be listed,) 90 664 T
(separated by whitespace. By convention, the products are listed in order of their signi\336cance) 90 650 T
(for identifying the application.) 90 636 T
4 10 Q
(product) 108 617.33 T
(=) 189 617.33 T
(token ["/" product-version]) 198 617.33 T
(product-version) 108 605.33 T
(=) 189 605.33 T
(token) 198 605.33 T
0 12 Q
(Examples:) 90 588 T
2 11 Q
(User-Agent: CERN-LineMode/2.15 libwww/2.17b3) 108 568.67 T
(Server: Apache/0.8.4) 108 550.67 T
0 12 Q
(Product tokens should be short and to the point \321 use of them for advertizing or other) 90 532 T
-0.33 (non-essential information is explicitly forbidden. Although any token character may appear in) 90 518 P
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4 10 Q
-0.8 (product-version) 97.46 504 P
0 12 Q
-0.86 (, this token should only be used for a version identi\336er \050i.e., successive versions) 166.33 504 P
(of the same product should only dif) 90 490 T
(fer in the) 260.34 490 T
4 10 Q
(product-version) 306.64 490 T
0 12 Q
( portion of the) 375.51 490 T
4 10 Q
(product) 446.8 490 T
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( value\051.) 480.13 490 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 19]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(4.  HTTP Message) 72 708 T
1 14 Q
(4.1  Message T) 72 678.67 T
(ypes) 158.79 678.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP messages consist of requests from client to server and responses from server to client.) 90 660 T
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(HTTP-message) 108 641.33 T
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(Simple-Request) 198 641.33 T
(; HTTP/0.9 messages) 324 641.33 T
(|) 189 629.33 T
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(|) 189 617.33 T
(Full-Request) 198 617.33 T
(; HTTP/1.0 messages) 324 617.33 T
(|) 189 605.33 T
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0 12 Q
-0.27 ( and) 146.65 588 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 (Full-Response) 169.43 588 P
0 12 Q
-0.27 ( use the generic message format of RFC 822) 233.85 588 P
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(entities. Both messages may include optional header \336elds \050also known as \322headers\323\051 and an) 90 574 T
-0.8 (entity body) 90 560 P
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(preceding the) 90 546 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 157.94 546 T
0 12 Q
(\051.) 184.04 546 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Request) 108 527.33 T
(=) 189 527.33 T
(Request-Line) 198 527.33 T
(; Section) 324 527.33 T
(5.1) 365.67 527.33 T
(*\050) 198 515.33 T
(General-Header) 207 515.33 T
(; Section) 324 515.33 T
(4.3) 365.67 515.33 T
(|) 198 503.33 T
(Request-Header) 207 503.33 T
(; Section) 324 503.33 T
(5.2) 365.67 503.33 T
(|) 198 491.33 T
(Entity-Header \051) 207 491.33 T
(; Section) 324 491.33 T
(7.1) 365.67 491.33 T
(CRLF) 198 479.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 467.33 T
(; Section) 324 467.33 T
(7.2) 365.67 467.33 T
(Full-Response) 108 451.33 T
(=) 189 451.33 T
(Status-Line) 198 451.33 T
(; Section) 324 451.33 T
(6.1) 365.67 451.33 T
(*\050) 198 439.33 T
(General-Header) 207 439.33 T
(; Section) 324 439.33 T
(4.3) 365.67 439.33 T
(|) 198 427.33 T
(Response-Header) 207 427.33 T
(; Section) 324 427.33 T
(6.2) 365.67 427.33 T
(|) 198 415.33 T
(Entity-Header \051) 207 415.33 T
(; Section) 324 415.33 T
(7.1) 365.67 415.33 T
(CRLF) 198 403.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 391.33 T
(; Section) 324 391.33 T
(7.2) 365.67 391.33 T
(Simple-Request) 90 374 T
0 12 Q
( and) 161.09 374 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 184.41 374 T
0 12 Q
( do not allow the use of any header information and are) 263.27 374 T
(limited to a single request method \050) 90 360 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 259.9 360 T
0 12 Q
(\051.) 280.45 360 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Request) 108 341.33 T
(=) 189 341.33 T
("GET" SP Request-URI CRLF) 198 341.33 T
(Simple-Response) 108 325.33 T
(=) 189 325.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 325.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.68 (Use of the) 90 308 P
4 10 Q
-0.63 (Simple-Request) 140.26 308 P
0 12 Q
-0.68 ( format is discouraged because it prevents the server from identifying) 211.35 308 P
(the media type of the returned entity) 90 294 T
(.) 263.76 294 T
1 14 Q
(4.2  Message Headers) 72 266.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.82 (HTTP header \336elds, which include) 90 248 P
4 10 Q
-0.76 (General-Header) 256.42 248 P
0 12 Q
-0.82 ( \050Section) 328.07 248 P
-0.82 (4.3\051,) 373.22 248 P
4 10 Q
-0.76 (Request-Header) 397.38 248 P
0 12 Q
-0.82 ( \050Section) 470.7 248 P
-0.82 (5.2\051,) 515.84 248 P
4 10 Q
-0.12 (Response-Header) 90 234 P
0 12 Q
-0.13 ( \050Section) 171.1 234 P
-0.13 (6.2\051, and) 216.93 234 P
4 10 Q
-0.12 (Entity-Header) 261.97 234 P
0 12 Q
-0.13 ( \050Section) 323.07 234 P
-0.13 (7.1\051 \336elds, follow the same generic) 368.91 234 P
(format as that given in Section 3.1 of RFC) 90 220 T
(822) 296.55 220 T
([7]. Each header \336eld consists of a name) 317.54 220 T
-0.05 (followed immediately by a colon \050) 90 206 P
4 10 Q
-0.04 (":") 255.33 206 P
0 12 Q
-0.05 (\051, a single space \050) 265.2 206 P
4 10 Q
-0.04 (SP) 348.61 206 P
0 12 Q
-0.05 (\051 character) 361.94 206 P
-0.05 (, and the \336eld value. Field) 412.35 206 P
(names are case-insensitive. Header \336elds can be extended over multiple lines by preceding) 90 192 T
(each extra line with at least one) 90 178 T
4 10 Q
(SP) 244.21 178 T
0 12 Q
( or) 257.54 178 T
4 10 Q
(HT) 273.53 178 T
0 12 Q
(, though this is not recommended.) 285.97 178 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-header) 108 159.33 T
(=) 189 159.33 T
(\336eld-name ":" [ \336eld-value ] CRLF) 198 159.33 T
(\336eld-name) 108 143.33 T
(=) 189 143.33 T
(token) 198 143.33 T
(\336eld-value) 108 131.33 T
(=) 189 131.33 T
(*\050 \336eld-content | L) 198 131.33 T
(WS \051) 275.41 131.33 T
(\336eld-content) 108 115.33 T
(=) 189 115.33 T
(<the OCTET) 198 115.33 T
(s making up the \336eld-value) 253.27 115.33 T
(and consisting of either *TEXT or combinations) 198 103.33 T
(of token, tspecials, and quoted-string>) 198 91.33 T
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(to the) 90 684 T
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(Entity-Header) 119.98 684 T
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( \336elds.) 181.08 684 T
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-0.33 (#\050values\051) 489.27 650 P
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(without changing the semantics of the message, by appending each subsequent \336eld-value to) 90 622 T
(the \336rst, each separated by a comma.) 90 608 T
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(4.3  General Header Fields) 72 580.67 T
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(There are a few header \336elds which have general applicability for both request and response) 90 562 T
-0.02 (messages, but which do not apply to the entity being transferred. These headers apply only to) 90 548 P
(the message being transmitted.) 90 534 T
4 10 Q
(General-Header) 108 515.33 T
(=) 189 515.33 T
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(protocol version. However) 90 472 T
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(general header \336elds if all parties in the communication recognize them to be general header) 90 458 T
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(Entity-Header) 322.47 444 T
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( \336elds.) 383.57 444 T
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(5. Request) 72 708 T
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(A request message from a client to a server includes, within the \336rst line of that message, the) 90 686 T
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(|) 198 569.33 T
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(CRLF) 198 545.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 533.33 T
(; Section) 324 533.33 T
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(If an HTTP/1.0 server receives a) 90 516 T
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(Simple-Request) 249.52 516 T
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(, it must respond with an HTTP/0.9) 320.61 516 T
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(Simple-Response) 90 502 T
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(. An HTTP/1.0 client capable of receiving a) 168.87 502 T
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(Full-Response) 382.04 502 T
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( should never) 446.46 502 T
(generate a) 90 488 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Request) 141.94 488 T
0 12 Q
(.) 213.03 488 T
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(5.1  Request-Line) 72 460.67 T
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(The) 90 442 T
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(Request-Line) 111.65 442 T
0 12 Q
( begins with a method token, followed by the) 171.09 442 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 390.95 442 T
0 12 Q
( and the protocol) 448.71 442 T
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4 10 Q
-0.12 (CRLF) 211.06 428 P
0 12 Q
-0.13 (. The elements are separated by) 236.2 428 P
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-0.12 (SP) 389.61 428 P
0 12 Q
-0.13 ( characters. No) 402.94 428 P
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0 12 Q
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4 10 Q
-0.12 (LF) 507.96 428 P
0 12 Q
-0.13 ( are) 519.62 428 P
(allowed except in the \336nal) 90 414 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 219.58 414 T
0 12 Q
( sequence.) 245.67 414 T
4 10 Q
(Request-Line) 108 395.33 T
(=) 189 395.33 T
(Method SP Request-URI SP HTTP-V) 198 395.33 T
(ersion CRLF) 362.41 395.33 T
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-0.12 (Note that the dif) 90 378 P
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4 10 Q
-0.11 (Simple-Request) 256.94 378 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( and the) 328.03 378 P
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0 12 Q
-0.12 ( of a) 428.08 378 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (Full-Request) 452.05 378 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( is the) 508.7 378 P
(presence of the) 90 364 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-Version) 165.59 364 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld and the availability of methods other than) 228.9 364 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 459.09 364 T
0 12 Q
(.) 478.75 364 T
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(5.1.1 Method) 72 344 T
0 F
(The) 90 326 T
4 10 Q
(Method) 111.65 326 T
0 12 Q
( token indicates the method to be performed on the resource identi\336ed by the) 144.98 326 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 90 312 T
0 12 Q
(. The method is case-sensitive.) 147.76 312 T
4 10 Q
(Method) 108 293.33 T
(=) 189 293.33 T
("GET") 198 293.33 T
(; Section) 324 293.33 T
(8.1) 365.67 293.33 T
(|) 189 281.33 T
("HEAD") 198 281.33 T
(; Section) 324 281.33 T
(8.2) 365.67 281.33 T
(|) 189 269.33 T
("POST") 198 269.33 T
(; Section) 324 269.33 T
(8.3) 365.67 269.33 T
(|) 189 257.33 T
(extension-method) 198 257.33 T
(extension-method) 108 241.33 T
(=) 189 241.33 T
(token) 198 241.33 T
0 12 Q
(The list of methods acceptable by a speci\336c resource can change dynamically; the client is) 90 224 T
(noti\336ed through the return code of the response if a method is not allowed on a resource.) 90 210 T
-0.05 (Servers should return the status code 501 \050not implemented\051 if the method is unrecognized or) 90 196 P
(not implemented.) 90 182 T
(The methods commonly used by HTTP/1.0 applications are fully de\336ned in Section) 90 162 T
(8.) 494.75 162 T
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(Request-URI) 108 661.33 T
(=) 189 661.33 T
(absoluteURI | abs_path) 198 661.33 T
0 12 Q
(The two options for) 90 644 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 187.94 644 T
0 12 Q
( are dependent on the nature of the request.) 245.7 644 T
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4 10 Q
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0 12 Q
-0.2 ( form is only allowed when the request is being made to a proxy) 166.44 624 P
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4 10 Q
(GET) 442.38 610 T
0 12 Q
( or) 462.93 610 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 478.91 610 T
0 12 Q
( and a) 506.68 610 T
-0.18 (prior response is cached, the proxy may use the cached message if it passes any restrictions in) 90 596 P
(the) 90 582 T
4 10 Q
(Expires) 107.65 582 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld. Note that the proxy may forward the request on to another proxy or) 140.98 582 T
-0.57 (directly to the server speci\336ed by the) 90 568 P
4 10 Q
-0.53 (absoluteURI) 266.2 568 P
0 12 Q
-0.57 (. In order to avoid request loops, a proxy must) 321.19 568 P
(be able to recognize all of its server names, including any aliases, local variations, and the) 90 554 T
(numeric IP address. An example) 90 540 T
4 10 Q
(Request-Line) 249.21 540 T
0 12 Q
( would be:) 308.65 540 T
2 11 Q
(GET http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TheProject.html HTTP/1.0) 108 520.67 T
0 12 Q
(The most common form of) 90 502 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 222.25 502 T
0 12 Q
( is that used to identify a resource on an origin server) 280.01 502 T
(or gateway) 90 488 T
(. In this case, only the absolute path of the URI is transmitted \050see Section) 142.17 488 T
(3.2.1,) 500.27 488 T
4 10 Q
-0.4 (abs_path) 90 474 P
0 12 Q
-0.43 (\051. For example, a client wishing to retrieve the resource above directly from the origin) 131.12 474 P
(server would create a TCP connection to port 80 of the host "www) 90 460 T
(.w3.or) 409.22 460 T
(g" and send the line:) 439.64 460 T
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(GET /pub/WWW/TheProject.html HTTP/1.0) 108 440.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.04 (followed by the remainder of the) 90 422 P
4 10 Q
-0.04 (Full-Request) 250.28 422 P
0 12 Q
-0.04 (. Note that the absolute path cannot be empty; if) 306.93 422 P
(none is present in the original URI, it must be given as "/" \050the server root\051.) 90 408 T
(The) 90 388 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 111.65 388 T
0 12 Q
( is transmitted as an encoded string, where some characters may be escaped) 169.41 388 T
(using the "% HEX HEX" encoding de\336ned by RFC 1738) 90 374 T
([4]. The origin server must decode) 367.62 374 T
(the) 90 360 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 107.65 360 T
0 12 Q
( in order to properly interpret the request.) 165.41 360 T
1 14 Q
(5.2  Request Header Fields) 72 332.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.34 (The request header \336elds allow the client to pass additional information about the request, and) 90 314 P
(about the client itself, to the server) 90 300 T
(. These \336elds act as request modi\336ers, with semantics) 255.56 300 T
(equivalent to the parameters on a programming language method \050procedure\051 invocation.) 90 286 T
4 10 Q
(Request-Header) 108 267.33 T
(=) 189 267.33 T
(Authorization) 198 267.33 T
(; Section) 324 267.33 T
(10.2) 365.67 267.33 T
(|) 189 255.33 T
(From) 198 255.33 T
(; Section) 324 255.33 T
(10.8) 365.67 255.33 T
(|) 189 243.33 T
(If-Modi\336ed-Since) 198 243.33 T
(; Section) 324 243.33 T
(10.9) 365.67 243.33 T
(|) 189 231.33 T
(Referer) 198 231.33 T
(; Section) 324 231.33 T
(10.13) 365.67 231.33 T
(|) 189 219.33 T
(User-Agent) 198 219.33 T
(; Section) 324 219.33 T
(10.15) 365.67 219.33 T
-0.21 (Request-Header) 90 202 P
0 12 Q
-0.23 ( \336eld names can be extended reliably only in combination with a change in the) 163.32 202 P
(protocol version. However) 90 188 T
(, new or experimental header \336elds may be given the semantics of) 217.75 188 T
(request header \336elds if all parties in the communication recognize them to be request header) 90 174 T
(\336elds. Unrecognized header \336elds are treated as) 90 160 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 322.47 160 T
0 12 Q
( \336elds.) 383.57 160 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 23]) 501.42 37.33 T
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(6.  Response) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.04 (After receiving and interpreting a request message, a server responds in the form of an HTTP) 90 686 P
(response message.) 90 672 T
4 10 Q
(Response) 108 653.33 T
(=) 189 653.33 T
(Simple-Response | Full-Response) 198 653.33 T
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(=) 189 637.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 637.33 T
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(*\050) 198 609.33 T
(General-Header) 207 609.33 T
(; Section) 324 609.33 T
(4.3) 365.67 609.33 T
(|) 198 597.33 T
(Response-Header) 207 597.33 T
(; Section) 324 597.33 T
(6.2) 365.67 597.33 T
(|) 198 585.33 T
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(; Section) 324 585.33 T
(7.1) 365.67 585.33 T
(CRLF) 198 573.33 T
([ Entity-Body ]) 198 561.33 T
(; Section) 324 561.33 T
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0 12 Q
(A) 90 544 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 101.66 544 T
0 12 Q
( should only be sent in response to an HTTP/0.9) 180.52 544 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Request) 414.72 544 T
0 12 Q
( or if the) 485.81 544 T
(server only supports the more limited HTTP/0.9 protocol. If a client sends an HTTP/1.0) 90 530 T
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Full-Request) 90 516 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 ( and receives a response that does not begin with a) 146.65 516 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Status-Line) 383.45 516 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 (, it should assume that) 434 516 P
(the response is a) 90 502 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 171.94 502 T
0 12 Q
( and parse it accordingly) 250.81 502 T
(. Note that the) 367.93 502 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 438.89 502 T
0 12 Q
(consists only of the entity body and is terminated by the server closing the connection.) 90 488 T
1 14 Q
(6.1  Status-Line) 72 460.67 T
0 12 Q
(The \336rst line of a) 90 442 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Response) 175.61 442 T
0 12 Q
( message is the) 240.03 442 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Line) 315.32 442 T
0 12 Q
(, consisting of the protocol version) 365.87 442 T
(followed by a numeric status code and its associated textual phrase, with each element) 90 428 T
(separated by) 90 414 T
4 10 Q
(SP) 153.28 414 T
0 12 Q
( characters. No) 166.61 414 T
4 10 Q
(CR) 241.87 414 T
0 12 Q
( or) 256.3 414 T
4 10 Q
(LF) 272.29 414 T
0 12 Q
( is allowed except in the \336nal) 283.95 414 T
4 10 Q
(CRLF) 427.52 414 T
0 12 Q
( sequence.) 453.62 414 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Line) 108 395.33 T
(= HTTP-V) 189 395.33 T
(ersion SP Status-Code SP Reason-Phrase CRLF) 233.16 395.33 T
0 12 Q
(Since a status line always begins with the protocol version and status code) 90 378 T
4 10 Q
("HTTP/" 1*DIGIT "." 1*DIGIT SP 3DIGIT SP) 108 359.33 T
0 12 Q
(\050e.g.,) 90 342 T
2 11 Q
("HTTP/1.0 200 ") 117.31 342 T
0 12 Q
(\051, the presence of that expression is suf) 216.19 342 T
(\336cient to dif) 402.49 342 T
(ferentiate a) 460.91 342 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Response) 90 328 T
0 12 Q
( from a) 154.43 328 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 192.06 328 T
0 12 Q
(. Although the) 270.93 328 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 342.89 328 T
0 12 Q
( format may allow such) 421.75 328 T
-0.41 (an expression to occur at the beginning of an entity body) 90 314 P
-0.41 (, and thus cause a misinterpretation of) 357.64 314 P
-0.28 (the message if it was given in response to a) 90 300 P
4 10 Q
-0.26 (Full-Request) 297.74 300 P
0 12 Q
-0.28 (, most HTTP/0.9 servers are limited to) 354.39 300 P
(responses of type "text/html" and therefore would never generate such a response.) 90 286 T
1 F
(6.1.1 Status Code and Reason Phrase) 72 266 T
0 F
-0.58 (The) 90 248 P
4 10 Q
-0.54 (Status-Code) 111.07 248 P
0 12 Q
-0.58 ( element is a 3-digit integer result code of the attempt to understand and satisfy) 166.62 248 P
-0.87 (the request. The) 90 234 P
4 10 Q
-0.81 (Reason-Phrase) 167.32 234 P
0 12 Q
-0.87 ( is intended to give a short textual description of the) 236.75 234 P
4 10 Q
-0.81 (Status-Code) 479.33 234 P
0 12 Q
-0.87 (.) 534.88 234 P
(The) 90 220 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Code) 111.65 220 T
0 12 Q
( is intended for use by automata and the) 167.2 220 T
4 10 Q
(Reason-Phrase) 361.39 220 T
0 12 Q
( is intended for the) 430.83 220 T
(human user) 90 206 T
(. The client is not required to examine or display the) 144.97 206 T
4 10 Q
(Reason-Phrase) 398.79 206 T
0 12 Q
(.) 468.23 206 T
-0.02 (The \336rst digit of the) 90 186 P
4 10 Q
-0.01 (Status-Code) 188.86 186 P
0 12 Q
-0.02 ( de\336nes the class of response. The last two digits do not have) 244.41 186 P
(any categorization role. There are 5 values for the \336rst digit:) 90 172 T
(\245) 108 152 T
(1xx: Informational - Not used, but reserved for future use) 117 152 T
(\245) 108 137 T
(2xx: Success - The action was successfully received, understood, and accepted.) 117 137 T
(\245) 108 122 T
(3xx: Redirection - Further action must be taken in order to complete the request) 117 122 T
(\245) 108 107 T
(4xx: Client Error - The request contains bad syntax or cannot be ful\336lled) 117 107 T
(\245) 108 92 T
(5xx: Server Error - The server failed to ful\336ll an apparently valid request) 117 92 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 24]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.48 (The individual values of the numeric status codes de\336ned for HTTP/1.0, and an example set of) 90 712 P
(corresponding) 90 698 T
4 10 Q
(Reason-Phrase) 161.61 698 T
0 12 Q
(\325) 231.04 698 T
(s, are presented below) 234.38 698 T
(. The reason phrases listed here are only) 340.17 698 T
(recommended \321 they may be replaced by local equivalents without af) 90 684 T
(fecting the protocol.) 428.86 684 T
(These codes are fully de\336ned in Section) 90 670 T
(9.) 284.86 670 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Code) 108 651.33 T
(=) 189 651.33 T
("200") 198 651.33 T
(; OK) 230.1 651.33 T
(|) 189 639.33 T
("201") 198 639.33 T
(; Created) 230.1 639.33 T
(|) 189 627.33 T
("202") 198 627.33 T
(; Accepted) 230.1 627.33 T
(|) 189 615.33 T
("204") 198 615.33 T
(; No Content) 230.1 615.33 T
(|) 189 603.33 T
("301") 198 603.33 T
(; Moved Permanently) 230.1 603.33 T
(|) 189 591.33 T
("302") 198 591.33 T
(; Moved T) 230.1 591.33 T
(emporarily) 273.43 591.33 T
(|) 189 579.33 T
("304") 198 579.33 T
(; Not Modi\336ed) 230.1 579.33 T
(|) 189 567.33 T
("400") 198 567.33 T
(; Bad Request) 230.1 567.33 T
(|) 189 555.33 T
("401") 198 555.33 T
(; Unauthorized) 230.1 555.33 T
(|) 189 543.33 T
("403") 198 543.33 T
(; Forbidden) 230.1 543.33 T
(|) 189 531.33 T
("404") 198 531.33 T
(; Not Found) 230.1 531.33 T
(|) 189 519.33 T
("500") 198 519.33 T
(; Internal Server Error) 230.1 519.33 T
(|) 189 507.33 T
("501") 198 507.33 T
(; Not Implemented) 230.1 507.33 T
(|) 189 495.33 T
("502") 198 495.33 T
(; Bad Gateway) 230.1 495.33 T
(|) 189 483.33 T
("503") 198 483.33 T
(; Service Unavailable) 230.1 483.33 T
(|) 189 471.33 T
(extension-code) 198 471.33 T
(extension-code) 108 455.33 T
(=) 189 455.33 T
(3DIGIT) 198 455.33 T
(Reason-Phrase) 108 439.33 T
(=) 189 439.33 T
(*<TEXT) 198 439.33 T
(, excluding CR, LF>) 232.16 439.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.11 (HTTP status codes are extensible, but the above codes are the only ones generally recognized) 90 422 P
(in current practice. HTTP applications are not required to understand the meaning of all) 90 408 T
(registered status codes, though such understanding is obviously desirable. However) 90 394 T
(,) 490.24 394 T
(applications must understand the class of any status code, as indicated by the \336rst digit, and) 90 380 T
(treat any unrecognized response as being equivalent to the x00 status code of that class, with) 90 366 T
(the exception that an unrecognized response must not be cached. For example, if an) 90 352 T
(unrecognized status code of 431 is received by the client, it can safely assume that there was) 90 338 T
-0.3 (something wrong with its request and treat the response as if it had received a 400 status code.) 90 324 P
-0.59 (In such cases, user agents should present to the user the entity returned with the response, since) 90 310 P
(that entity is likely to include human-readable information which will explain the unusual) 90 296 T
(status.) 90 282 T
1 14 Q
(6.2  Response Header Fields) 72 254.67 T
0 12 Q
(The response header \336elds allow the server to pass additional information about the response) 90 236 T
-0.73 (which cannot be placed in the) 90 222 P
4 10 Q
-0.67 (Status-Line) 231.52 222 P
0 12 Q
-0.73 (. These header \336elds give information about the server) 282.08 222 P
(and about further access to the resource identi\336ed by the) 90 208 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 363.79 208 T
0 12 Q
(.) 421.54 208 T
4 10 Q
(Response-Header) 108 189.33 T
(=) 189.1 189.33 T
(Location) 198 189.33 T
(; Section) 324 189.33 T
(10.1) 365.67 189.33 T
(1) 384.38 189.33 T
(|) 189 177.33 T
(Server) 198 177.33 T
(; Section) 324 177.33 T
(10.14) 365.67 177.33 T
(|) 189 165.33 T
(WWW) 198 165.33 T
(-Authenticate) 226.12 165.33 T
(; Section) 324 165.33 T
(10.16) 365.67 165.33 T
-0.69 (Response-Header) 90 148 P
0 12 Q
-0.74 ( \336eld names can be extended reliably only in combination with a change in the) 171.1 148 P
(protocol version. However) 90 134 T
(, new or experimental header \336elds may be given the semantics of) 217.75 134 T
-0.67 (response header \336elds if all parties in the communication recognize them to be response header) 90 120 P
(\336elds. Unrecognized header \336elds are treated as) 90 106 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 322.47 106 T
0 12 Q
( \336elds.) 383.57 106 T
55.82 334 57.82 374 R
V
55.82 204 57.82 230 R
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55.82 102 57.82 114 R
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0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 25]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(7.  Entity) 72 708 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Request) 90 686 T
0 12 Q
( and) 146.65 686 T
4 10 Q
(Full-Response) 169.96 686 T
0 12 Q
( messages may transfer an entity within some requests and) 234.39 686 T
-0.54 (responses. An entity consists of) 90 672 P
4 10 Q
-0.5 (Entity-Header) 241.88 672 P
0 12 Q
-0.54 ( \336elds and \050usually\051 an) 302.98 672 P
4 10 Q
-0.5 (Entity-Body) 412.54 672 P
0 12 Q
-0.54 (. In this section,) 462.86 672 P
(both) 90 658 T
3 F
(sender) 114.32 658 T
0 F
( and) 146.3 658 T
3 F
(r) 169.61 658 T
(ecipient) 173.83 658 T
0 F
( refer to either the client or the server) 211.8 658 T
(, depending on who sends and) 389.83 658 T
(who receives the entity) 90 644 T
(.) 200.13 644 T
1 14 Q
(7.1  Entity Header Fields) 72 616.67 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 90 598 T
0 12 Q
( \336elds de\336ne optional metainformation about the) 151.1 598 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 387.95 598 T
0 12 Q
( or) 439.06 598 T
(, if no body is) 451.57 598 T
(present, about the resource identi\336ed by the request.) 90 584 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 108 565.33 T
(=) 189 565.33 T
(Allow) 198 565.33 T
(; Section) 324 565.33 T
(10.1) 365.67 565.33 T
(|) 189 553.33 T
(Content-Encoding) 198 553.33 T
(; Section) 324 553.33 T
(10.3) 365.67 553.33 T
(|) 189 541.33 T
(Content-Length) 198 541.33 T
(; Section) 324 541.33 T
(10.4) 365.67 541.33 T
(|) 189 529.33 T
(Content-T) 198 529.33 T
(ype) 241.89 529.33 T
(; Section) 324 529.33 T
(10.5) 365.67 529.33 T
(|) 189 517.33 T
(Expires) 198 517.33 T
(; Section) 324 517.33 T
(10.7) 365.67 517.33 T
(|) 189 505.33 T
(Last-Modi\336ed) 198 505.33 T
(; Section) 324 505.33 T
(10.10) 365.67 505.33 T
(|) 189 493.33 T
(extension-header) 198 493.33 T
(extension-header) 108 477.33 T
(=) 189 477.33 T
(HTTP-header) 198 477.33 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 460 T
4 10 Q
(extension-header) 111.65 460 T
0 12 Q
( mechanism allows additional) 188.87 460 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 334.78 460 T
0 12 Q
( \336elds to be de\336ned without) 395.87 460 T
-0.05 (changing the protocol, but these \336elds cannot be assumed to be recognizable by the recipient.) 90 446 P
(Unrecognized header \336elds should be ignored by the recipient and forwarded by proxies.) 90 432 T
1 14 Q
(7.2  Entity Body) 72 404.67 T
0 12 Q
(The entity body \050if any\051 sent with an HTTP request or response is in a format and encoding) 90 386 T
(de\336ned by the) 90 372 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Header) 160.95 372 T
0 12 Q
( \336elds.) 222.05 372 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 108 353.33 T
(=) 189 353.33 T
(*OCTET) 198 353.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.41 (An entity body is included with a request message only when the request method calls for one.) 90 336 P
(The presence of an entity body in a request is signaled by the inclusion of a) 90 322 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 454.41 322 T
0 12 Q
-0.6 (header \336eld in the request message headers. HTTP/1.0 requests containing an entity body must) 90 308 P
(include a valid) 90 294 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 163.62 294 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld.) 232.51 294 T
-0.34 (For response messages, whether or not an entity body is included with a message is dependent) 90 274 P
-0.03 (on both the request method and the response code. All responses to the) 90 260 P
4 10 Q
-0.03 (HEAD) 432.71 260 P
0 12 Q
-0.03 ( request method) 460.48 260 P
(must not include a body) 90 246 T
(, even though the presence of entity header \336elds may lead one to) 204.49 246 T
(believe they do. All 1xx \050informational\051, 204 \050no content\051, and 304 \050not modi\336ed\051 responses) 90 232 T
(must not include a body) 90 218 T
(. All other responses must include an entity body or a) 204.49 218 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 463.65 218 T
0 12 Q
(header \336eld de\336ned with a value of zero \0500\051.) 90 204 T
55.82 428 57.82 454 R
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0 10 Q
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0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 26]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 12 Q
(7.2.1 Type) 72 712 T
0 F
(When an) 90 694 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 135.96 694 T
0 12 Q
( is included with a message, the data type of that body is determined via) 187.06 694 T
(the header \336elds) 90 680 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 171.6 680 T
0 12 Q
( and) 232.15 680 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Encoding) 255.46 680 T
0 12 Q
(. These de\336ne a two-layer) 335.46 680 T
(, ordered) 459.21 680 T
(encoding model:) 90 666 T
2 11 Q
(entity-body := Content-Encoding\050 Content-Type\050 data \051 \051) 108 646.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.82 (A) 90 628 P
4 10 Q
-0.76 (Content-Type) 100.84 628 P
0 12 Q
-0.82 ( speci\336es the media type of the underlying data. A) 161.38 628 P
4 10 Q
-0.76 (Content-Encoding) 397.33 628 P
0 12 Q
-0.82 ( may be used) 477.33 628 P
(to indicate any additional content coding applied to the type, usually for the purpose of data) 90 614 T
-0.31 (compression, that is a property of the resource requested. The default for the content encoding) 90 600 P
(is none \050i.e., the identity function\051.) 90 586 T
(Any HTTP/1.0 message containing an entity body should include a) 90 566 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 415.46 566 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld) 476.01 566 T
-0.76 (de\336ning the media type of that body) 90 552 P
-0.76 (. If and) 258.56 552 P
1 F
-0.76 (only if) 293.58 552 P
0 F
-0.76 ( the media type is not given by a) 325.14 552 P
4 10 Q
-0.7 (Content-Type) 477.21 552 P
0 12 Q
(header) 90 538 T
(, as is the case for) 121.48 538 T
4 10 Q
(Simple-Response) 209.74 538 T
0 12 Q
( messages, the recipient may attempt to guess the) 288.61 538 T
(media type via inspection of its content and/or the name extension\050s\051 of the URL used to) 90 524 T
(identify the resource. If the media type remains unknown, the recipient should treat it as type) 90 510 T
(") 90 496 T
2 11 Q
(application/octet-stream) 94.89 496 T
0 12 Q
(".) 253.1 496 T
1 F
(7.2.2 Length) 72 476 T
0 F
-0.2 (When an) 90 458 P
4 10 Q
-0.19 (Entity-Body) 135.55 458 P
0 12 Q
-0.2 ( is included with a message, the length of that body may be determined in) 186.65 458 P
(one of two ways. If a) 90 444 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 194.25 444 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld is present, its value in bytes represents the) 263.14 444 T
(length of the) 90 430 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 153.62 430 T
0 12 Q
(. Otherwise, the body length is determined by the closing of the) 203.95 430 T
(connection by the server) 90 416 T
(.) 206.91 416 T
-0.14 (Closing the connection cannot be used to indicate the end of a request body) 90 396 P
-0.14 (, since it leaves no) 449.44 396 P
-0.29 (possibility for the server to send back a response. Therefore, HTTP/1.0 requests containing an) 90 382 P
-0.81 (entity body must include a valid) 90 368 P
4 10 Q
-0.75 (Content-Length) 242.39 368 P
0 12 Q
-0.81 ( header \336eld. If a request contains an entity body) 311.28 368 P
(and) 90 354 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 110.32 354 T
0 12 Q
( is not speci\336ed, and the server does not recognize or cannot calculate the) 179.21 354 T
(length from other \336elds, then the server should send a 400 \050bad request\051 response.) 90 340 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 320 T
3 F
(Some older servers supply an invalid Content-Length when sending a) 138.31 320 T
(document that contains server) 108 308 T
(-side includes dynamically inserted into the data) 252.66 308 T
(str) 108 296 T
(eam. It must be emphasized that this will not be tolerated by futur) 120.22 296 T
(e versions of) 434.6 296 T
-0.55 (HTTP) 108 284 P
-0.55 (. Unless the client knows that it is r) 135.78 284 P
-0.55 (eceiving a r) 299.87 284 P
-0.55 (esponse fr) 354.95 284 P
-0.55 (om a compliant server) 402.93 284 P
-0.55 (,) 507.55 284 P
(it should not depend on the Content-Length value being corr) 108 272 T
(ect.) 398.38 272 T
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0 X
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 27]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(8.  Method De\336nitions) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.79 (The set of common methods for HTTP/1.0 is de\336ned below) 90 686 P
-0.79 (. Although this set can be expanded,) 368.63 686 P
(additional methods cannot be assumed to share the same semantics for separately extended) 90 672 T
(clients and servers.) 90 658 T
1 14 Q
(8.1  GET) 72 630.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.64 (The) 90 612 P
4 10 Q
-0.59 (GET) 111.01 612 P
0 12 Q
-0.64 ( method means retrieve whatever information \050in the form of an entity\051 is identi\336ed by) 131.56 612 P
(the) 90 598 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 107.65 598 T
0 12 Q
(. If the) 165.41 598 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 200.05 598 T
0 12 Q
( refers to a data-producing process, it is the produced data) 257.81 598 T
(which shall be returned as the entity in the response and not the source text of the process,) 90 584 T
(unless that text happens to be the output of the process.) 90 570 T
(The semantics of the) 90 550 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 192.59 550 T
0 12 Q
( method changes to a \322conditional) 213.14 550 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 379.69 550 T
0 12 Q
(\323 if the request message) 400.24 550 T
-0.61 (includes an) 90 536 P
4 10 Q
-0.57 (If-Modified-Since) 146.07 536 P
0 12 Q
-0.61 ( header \336eld. A conditional) 221.05 536 P
4 10 Q
-0.57 (GET) 351.89 536 P
0 12 Q
-0.61 ( method requests that the identi\336ed) 372.44 536 P
-0.38 (resource be transferred only if it has been modi\336ed since the date given by the) 90 522 P
4 10 Q
-0.35 (If-Modified-Since) 462.4 522 P
0 12 Q
(header) 90 508 T
(, as described in Section) 121.48 508 T
(10.9. The conditional) 240.73 508 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 346.33 508 T
0 12 Q
( method is intended to reduce) 366.88 508 T
-0.21 (network usage by allowing cached entities to be refreshed without requiring multiple requests) 90 494 P
(or transferring unnecessary data.) 90 480 T
1 14 Q
(8.2  HEAD) 72 452.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.05 (The) 90 434 P
4 10 Q
-0.05 (HEAD) 111.6 434 P
0 12 Q
-0.05 ( method is identical to) 139.36 434 P
4 10 Q
-0.05 (GET) 248.72 434 P
0 12 Q
-0.05 ( except that the server must not return any) 269.27 434 P
4 10 Q
-0.05 (Entity-Body) 473.67 434 P
0 12 Q
-0.05 ( in) 524.77 434 P
(the response. The metainformation contained in the HTTP headers in response to a) 90 420 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 490.38 420 T
0 12 Q
(request should be identical to the information sent in response to a) 90 406 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 411.12 406 T
0 12 Q
( request. This method) 431.67 406 T
(can be used for obtaining metainformation about the resource identi\336ed by the) 90 392 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 469.06 392 T
0 12 Q
-0.28 (without transferring the) 90 378 P
4 10 Q
-0.25 (Entity-Body) 205.43 378 P
0 12 Q
-0.28 ( itself. This method is often used for testing hypertext links) 256.53 378 P
(for validity) 90 364 T
(, accessibility) 142.85 364 T
(, and recent modi\336cation.) 207.37 364 T
-0.75 (There is no \322conditional) 90 344 P
4 10 Q
-0.69 (HEAD) 206.25 344 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 (\323 request analogous to the conditional) 234.01 344 P
4 10 Q
-0.69 (GET) 414.06 344 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 (. If an) 433.72 344 P
4 10 Q
-0.69 (If-Modified-Since) 462.77 344 P
0 12 Q
(header \336eld is included with a) 90 330 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 237.23 330 T
0 12 Q
( request, it should be ignored.) 265 330 T
1 14 Q
(8.3  POST) 72 302.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.58 (The) 90 284 P
4 10 Q
-0.54 (POST) 111.07 284 P
0 12 Q
-0.58 ( method is used to request that the destination server accept the entity enclosed in the) 138.28 284 P
-0.15 (request as a new subordinate of the resource identi\336ed by the) 90 270 P
4 10 Q
-0.14 (Request-URI) 384.43 270 P
0 12 Q
-0.15 ( in the) 442.19 270 P
4 10 Q
-0.14 (Request-Line) 474.72 270 P
0 12 Q
-0.15 (.) 534.16 270 P
4 10 Q
(POST) 90 256 T
0 12 Q
( is designed to allow a uniform method to cover the following functions:) 117.21 256 T
(\245) 108 236 T
(Annotation of existing resources;) 117 236 T
(\245) 108 221 T
(Posting a message to a bulletin board, newsgroup, mailing list, or similar group of) 117 221 T
(articles;) 117 209 T
(\245) 108 194 T
-0.07 (Providing a block of data, such as the result of submitting a form) 117 194 P
-0.07 ([3], to a data-handling) 430.68 194 P
(process;) 117 182 T
(\245) 108 167 T
(Extending a database through an append operation.) 117 167 T
-0.18 (The actual function performed by the) 90 152 P
4 10 Q
-0.17 (POST) 270.77 152 P
0 12 Q
-0.18 ( method is determined by the server and is usually) 297.98 152 P
(dependent on the) 90 138 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 174.94 138 T
0 12 Q
(. The posted entity is subordinate to that URI in the same way) 232.7 138 T
(that a \336le is subordinate to a directory containing it, a news article is subordinate to a) 90 124 T
(newsgroup to which it is posted, or a record is subordinate to a database.) 90 110 T
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0 X
0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 28]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.38 (A successful) 90 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.35 (POST) 153.19 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.38 ( does not require that the entity be created as a resource on the origin server) 180.4 712 P
(or made accessible for future reference. That is, the action performed by the) 90 698 T
4 10 Q
(POST) 457.35 698 T
0 12 Q
( method) 484.56 698 T
(might not result in a resource that can be identi\336ed by a URI. In this case, either 200 \050ok\051 or) 90 684 T
-0.02 (204 \050no content\051 is the appropriate response status, depending on whether or not the response) 90 670 P
(includes an entity that describes the result.) 90 656 T
(If a resource has been created on the origin server) 90 636 T
(, the response should be 201 \050created\051 and) 328.3 636 T
-0.16 (contain an entity \050preferably of type "text/html"\051 which describes the status of the request and) 90 622 P
(refers to the new resource.) 90 608 T
-0.54 (A valid) 90 588 P
4 10 Q
-0.5 (Content-Length) 127.57 588 P
0 12 Q
-0.54 ( is required on all HTTP/1.0) 196.46 588 P
4 10 Q
-0.5 (POST) 331.47 588 P
0 12 Q
-0.54 ( requests. An HTTP/1.0 server should) 358.69 588 P
(respond with a 400 \050bad request\051 message if it cannot determine the length of the request) 90 574 T
(message\325) 90 560 T
(s content.) 133.97 560 T
-0.09 (Applications must not cache responses to a POST request because the application has no way) 90 540 P
(of knowing that the server would return an equivalent response on some future request.) 90 526 T
55.82 522 57.82 548 R
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 29]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(9.  Status Code De\336nitions) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.06 (Each) 90 686 P
4 10 Q
-0.06 (Status-Code) 116.91 686 P
0 12 Q
-0.06 ( is described below) 172.46 686 P
-0.06 (, including a description of which) 263.77 686 P
4 10 Q
-0.06 (method) 427.63 686 P
0 12 Q
-0.06 (\050s\051 it can follow) 460.96 686 P
(and any metainformation required in the response.) 90 672 T
1 14 Q
(9.1  Informational 1xx) 72 644.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.6 (This class of status code indicates a provisional response, consisting only of the) 90 626 P
4 10 Q
-0.55 (Status-Line) 467.33 626 P
0 12 Q
-0.6 ( and) 517.88 626 P
-0.34 (optional headers, and is terminated by an empty line. HTTP/1.0 does not de\336ne any 1xx status) 90 612 P
(codes and they are not a valid response to a HTTP/1.0 request. However) 90 598 T
(, they may be useful) 436.59 598 T
(for experimental applications which are outside the scope of this speci\336cation.) 90 584 T
1 14 Q
(9.2  Successful 2xx) 72 556.67 T
0 12 Q
(This class of status code indicates that the client\325) 90 538 T
(s request was successfully received,) 323.85 538 T
(understood, and accepted.) 90 524 T
7 F
(200 OK) 90 498 T
0 F
(The request has succeeded. The information returned with the response is dependent on the) 90 480 T
(method used in the request, as follows:) 90 466 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 90 446 T
0 12 Q
(an entity corresponding to the requested resource is sent in the response;) 144 446 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 90 426 T
0 12 Q
(the response must only contain the header information and no) 144 426 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 443.13 426 T
0 12 Q
(;) 494.23 426 T
4 10 Q
(POST) 90 406 T
0 12 Q
(an entity describing or containing the result of the action.) 144 406 T
7 F
(201 Created) 90 380 T
0 F
-0.33 (The request has been ful\336lled and resulted in a new resource being created. The newly created) 90 362 P
(resource can be referenced by the URI\050s\051 returned in the entity of the response. The origin) 90 348 T
-0.08 (server should create the resource before using this) 90 334 P
4 10 Q
-0.08 (Status-Code) 332.48 334 P
0 12 Q
-0.08 (. If the action cannot be carried) 388.03 334 P
(out immediately) 90 320 T
(, the server must include in the response body a description of when the) 167.51 320 T
(resource will be available; otherwise, the server should respond with 202 \050accepted\051.) 90 306 T
(Of the methods de\336ned by this speci\336cation, only) 90 286 T
4 10 Q
(POST) 331.52 286 T
0 12 Q
( can create a resource.) 358.74 286 T
7 F
(202 Accepted) 90 260 T
0 F
-0.26 (The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed. The) 90 242 P
(request may or may not eventually be acted upon, as it may be disallowed when processing) 90 228 T
(actually takes place. There is no facility for re-sending a status code from an asynchronous) 90 214 T
(operation such as this.) 90 200 T
(The 202 response is intentionally non-committal. Its purpose is to allow a server to accept a) 90 180 T
-0.44 (request for some other process \050perhaps a batch-oriented process that is only run once per day\051) 90 166 P
(without requiring that the user agent\325) 90 152 T
(s connection to the server persist until the process is) 267.55 152 T
-0.38 (completed. The entity returned with this response should include an indication of the request\325) 90 138 P
-0.38 (s) 532.72 138 P
(current status and either a pointer to a status monitor or some estimate of when the user can) 90 124 T
(expect the request to be ful\336lled.) 90 110 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 30]) 501.42 37.33 T
7 12 Q
(204 No Content) 90 712 T
0 F
-0.44 (The server has ful\336lled the request but there is no new information to send back. If the client is) 90 694 P
-0.08 (a user agent, it should not change its document view from that which caused the request to be) 90 680 P
-0.54 (generated. This response is primarily intended to allow input for scripts or other actions to take) 90 666 P
(place without causing a change to the user agent\325) 90 652 T
(s active document view) 325.15 652 T
(. The response may) 437.29 652 T
(include new metainformation in the form of entity headers, which should apply to the) 90 638 T
(document currently in the user agent\325) 90 624 T
(s active view) 268.87 624 T
(.) 330.71 624 T
1 14 Q
(9.3  Redir) 72 596.67 T
(ection 3xx) 130.43 596.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.81 (This class of status code indicates that further action needs to be taken by the user agent in order) 90 578 P
(to ful\336ll the request. The action required may be carried out by the user agent without) 90 564 T
(interaction with the user if and only if the method used in the subsequent request is) 90 550 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 491.07 550 T
0 12 Q
( or) 511.62 550 T
4 10 Q
-0.62 (HEAD) 90 536 P
0 12 Q
-0.67 (. A user agent should never automatically redirect a request more than 5 times, since such) 117.76 536 P
(redirections usually indicate an in\336nite loop.) 90 522 T
7 F
(300 Multiple Choices) 90 496 T
0 F
-0.27 (This response code is not directly used by HTTP/1.0 applications, but serves as the default for) 90 478 P
(interpreting the 3xx class of responses.) 90 464 T
-0.46 (The requested resource is available at one or more locations. Unless it was a) 90 444 P
4 10 Q
-0.42 (HEAD) 452.32 444 P
0 12 Q
-0.46 ( request, the) 480.08 444 P
(response should include an entity containing a list of resource characteristics and locations) 90 430 T
(from which the user or user agent can choose the one most appropriate. If the server has a) 90 416 T
(preferred choice, it should include the URL in a) 90 402 T
4 10 Q
(Location) 322.49 402 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld; user agents may use this \336eld) 360.27 402 T
(value for automatic redirection.) 90 388 T
7 F
(301 Moved Permanently) 90 362 T
0 F
-0.13 (The requested resource has been assigned a new permanent URL and any future references to) 90 344 P
(this resource should be done using that URL. Clients with link editing capabilities should) 90 330 T
-0.23 (automatically relink references to the) 90 316 P
4 10 Q
-0.22 (Request-URI) 270.35 316 P
0 12 Q
-0.23 ( to the new reference returned by the server) 328.11 316 P
-0.23 (,) 534.24 316 P
(where possible.) 90 302 T
-0.75 (The new URL must be given by the) 90 282 P
4 10 Q
-0.7 (Location) 258.54 282 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 ( \336eld in the response. Unless it was a) 296.32 282 P
4 10 Q
-0.7 (HEAD) 470.11 282 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 ( request,) 497.87 282 P
(the) 90 268 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 107.65 268 T
0 12 Q
( of the response should contain a short note with a hyperlink to the new URL.) 158.76 268 T
-0.75 (If the 301 status code is received in response to a request using the) 90 248 P
4 10 Q
-0.69 (POST) 401.95 248 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 ( method, the user agent) 429.16 248 P
(must not automatically redirect the request unless it can be con\336rmed by the user) 90 234 T
(, since this) 478.25 234 T
(might change the conditions under which the request was issued.) 90 220 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 200 T
3 F
(When automatically r) 138.31 200 T
(edir) 241.8 200 T
(ecting a POST r) 260.68 200 T
(equest after r) 337.85 200 T
(eceiving a 301 status) 401.37 200 T
(code, some existing user agents will err) 108 188 T
(oneously change it into a GET r) 297.77 188 T
(equest.) 451.24 188 T
7 F
(302 Moved Temporarily) 90 164 T
0 F
(The requested resource resides temporarily under a dif) 90 146 T
(ferent URL. Since the redirection may) 351.23 146 T
(be altered on occasion, the client should continue to use the) 90 132 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 378.46 132 T
0 12 Q
( for future requests.) 436.22 132 T
-0.47 (The URL must be given by the) 90 112 P
4 10 Q
-0.44 (Location) 238.27 112 P
0 12 Q
-0.47 ( \336eld in the response. Unless it was a) 276.05 112 P
4 10 Q
-0.44 (HEAD) 452.36 112 P
0 12 Q
-0.47 ( request, the) 480.13 112 P
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 90 98 T
0 12 Q
( of the response should contain a short note with a hyperlink to the new URI\050s\051.) 141.1 98 T
55.82 546 57.82 572 R
V
55.82 184 57.82 208 R
V
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0 10 Q
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 31]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.75 (If the 302 status code is received in response to a request using the) 90 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.69 (POST) 401.95 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.75 ( method, the user agent) 429.16 712 P
(must not automatically redirect the request unless it can be con\336rmed by the user) 90 698 T
(, since this) 478.25 698 T
(might change the conditions under which the request was issued.) 90 684 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 664 T
3 F
(When automatically r) 138.31 664 T
(edir) 241.8 664 T
(ecting a POST r) 260.68 664 T
(equest after r) 337.85 664 T
(eceiving a 302 status) 401.37 664 T
(code, some existing user agents will err) 108 652 T
(oneously change it into a GET r) 297.77 652 T
(equest.) 451.24 652 T
7 F
(304 Not Modified) 90 628 T
0 F
-0.12 (If the client has performed a conditional) 90 610 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (GET) 284.69 610 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( request and access is allowed, but the document) 305.24 610 P
-0.15 (has not been modi\336ed since the date and time speci\336ed in the) 90 596 P
4 10 Q
-0.14 (If-Modified-Since) 385.35 596 P
0 12 Q
-0.15 ( \336eld, the server) 460.33 596 P
(must respond with this status code and not send an) 90 582 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 335.85 582 T
0 12 Q
( to the client. Header \336elds) 386.95 582 T
-0.6 (contained in the response should only include information which is relevant to cache managers) 90 568 P
(or which may have changed independently of the entity\325) 90 554 T
(s) 359.8 554 T
4 10 Q
(Last-Modified) 367.47 554 T
0 12 Q
( date. Examples of) 427.45 554 T
-0.78 (relevant header \336elds include:) 90 540 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Date) 234.08 540 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 (,) 255.19 540 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Server) 260.4 540 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 (, and) 289.36 540 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Expires) 314.1 540 P
0 12 Q
-0.78 (. A cache should update its cached entity) 347.42 540 P
(to re\337ect any new \336eld values given in the 304 response.) 90 526 T
1 14 Q
(9.4  Client Err) 72 498.67 T
(or 4xx) 158.02 498.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.5 (The 4xx class of status code is intended for cases in which the client seems to have erred. If the) 90 480 P
-0.21 (client has not completed the request when a 4xx code is received, it should immediately cease) 90 466 P
(sending data to the server) 90 452 T
(. Except when responding to a) 211.91 452 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 360.14 452 T
0 12 Q
( request, the server should) 387.9 452 T
-0.46 (include an entity containing an explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary) 90 438 P
(or permanent condition. These status codes are applicable to any request method.) 90 424 T
6 F
-0.19 (Note:) 108 404 P
3 F
-0.19 (If the client is sending data, server implementations on TCP should be car) 138.12 404 P
-0.19 (eful) 492.2 404 P
-0.85 (to ensur) 108 392 P
-0.85 (e that the client acknowledges r) 145.68 392 P
-0.85 (eceipt of the packet\050s\051 containing the r) 293.22 392 P
-0.85 (esponse) 472.88 392 P
-0.72 (prior to closing the input connection. If the client continues sending data to the server) 108 380 P
-0.63 (after the close, the server) 108 368 P
-0.63 (\325) 227.5 368 P
-0.63 (s contr) 229.95 368 P
-0.63 (oller will send a r) 261.86 368 P
-0.63 (eset packet to the client, which may) 344.2 368 P
(erase the client\325) 108 356 T
(s unacknowledged input buffers befor) 183.73 356 T
(e they can be r) 363.84 356 T
(ead and) 434.01 356 T
(interpr) 108 344 T
(eted by the HTTP application.) 140.87 344 T
7 F
(400 Bad Request) 90 320 T
0 F
-0.29 (The request could not be understood by the server due to malformed syntax. The client should) 90 302 P
(not repeat the request without modi\336cations.) 90 288 T
7 F
(401 Unauthorized) 90 262 T
0 F
(The request requires user authentication. The response must include a) 90 244 T
4 10 Q
(WWW-Authenticate) 427.41 244 T
0 12 Q
(header \336eld \050Section) 90 230 T
(10.16\051 containing a) 192.26 230 T
4 10 Q
(challenge) 288.19 230 T
0 12 Q
( applicable to the requested resource. The) 330.97 230 T
(client may repeat the request with a suitable) 90 216 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 303.84 216 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld \050Section) 362.17 216 T
(10.2\051. If the) 467.42 216 T
(request already included Authorization credentials, then the 401 response indicates that) 90 202 T
(authorization has been refused for those credentials. If the 401 response contains the same) 90 188 T
-0.6 (challenge as the prior response, and the user agent has already attempted authentication at least) 90 174 P
(once, then the user should be presented the entity that was given in the response, since that) 90 160 T
(entity may include relevant diagnostic information. HTTP access authentication is explained) 90 146 T
(in Section) 90 132 T
(1) 141.31 132 T
(1.) 146.86 132 T
55.82 648 57.82 672 R
V
55.82 142 57.82 154 R
V
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 32]) 501.42 37.33 T
7 12 Q
(403 Forbidden) 90 712 T
0 F
(The server understood the request, but is refusing to ful\336ll it. Authorization will not help and) 90 694 T
-0.09 (the request should not be repeated. If the request method was not) 90 680 P
4 10 Q
-0.08 (HEAD) 403.75 680 P
0 12 Q
-0.09 ( and the server wishes) 431.51 680 P
(to make public why the request has not been ful\336lled, it should describe the reason for the) 90 666 T
-0.33 (refusal in the entity body) 90 652 P
-0.33 (. This status code is commonly used when the server does not wish to) 207.82 652 P
(reveal exactly why the request has been refused, or when no other response is applicable.) 90 638 T
7 F
(404 Not Found) 90 612 T
0 F
-0.68 (The server has not found anything matching the) 90 594 P
4 10 Q
-0.63 (Request-URI) 317.09 594 P
0 12 Q
-0.68 (. No indication is given of whether) 374.85 594 P
-0 (the condition is temporary or permanent. If the server does not wish to make this information) 90 580 P
(available to the client, the status code 403 \050forbidden\051 can be used instead.) 90 566 T
1 14 Q
(9.5  Server Err) 72 538.67 T
(or 5xx) 161.12 538.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.23 (Response status codes beginning with the digit \3225\323 indicate cases in which the server is aware) 90 520 P
(that it has erred or is incapable of performing the request. If the client has not completed the) 90 506 T
(request when a 5xx code is received, it should immediately cease sending data to the server) 90 492 T
(.) 527.67 492 T
(Except when responding to a) 90 478 T
4 10 Q
(HEAD) 232.23 478 T
0 12 Q
( request, the server should include an entity containing an) 259.99 478 T
-0.4 (explanation of the error situation, and whether it is a temporary or permanent condition. These) 90 464 P
(response codes are applicable to any request method and there are no required header \336elds.) 90 450 T
7 F
(500 Internal Server Error) 90 424 T
0 F
-0.59 (The server encountered an unexpected condition which prevented it from ful\336lling the request.) 90 406 P
7 F
(501 Not Implemented) 90 380 T
0 F
(The server does not support the functionality required to ful\336ll the request. This is the) 90 362 T
-0.53 (appropriate response when the server does not recognize the request method and is not capable) 90 348 P
(of supporting it for any resource.) 90 334 T
7 F
(502 Bad Gateway) 90 308 T
0 F
-0.56 (The server) 90 290 P
-0.56 (, while acting as a gateway or proxy) 139.9 290 P
-0.56 (, received an invalid response from the upstream) 308.37 290 P
(server it accessed in attempting to ful\336ll the request.) 90 276 T
7 F
(503 Service Unavailable) 90 250 T
0 F
(The server is currently unable to handle the request due to a temporary overloading or) 90 232 T
(maintenance of the server) 90 218 T
(. The implication is that this is a temporary condition which will be) 212.9 218 T
(alleviated after some delay) 90 204 T
(.) 218.11 204 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 184 T
3 F
(The existence of the 503 status code does not imply that a server must use it) 138.31 184 T
(when becoming overloaded. Some servers may wish to simply r) 108 172 T
(efuse the connection.) 411.35 172 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 33]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(10.  Header Field De\336nitions) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
(This section de\336nes the syntax and semantics of all commonly used HTTP/1.0 header \336elds.) 90 686 T
(For general and entity header \336elds, both) 90 672 T
3 F
(sender) 289.86 672 T
0 F
(and) 324.83 672 T
3 F
( r) 342.15 672 T
(ecipient) 349.37 672 T
0 F
( refer to either the client or the) 387.34 672 T
(server) 90 658 T
(, depending on who sends and who receives the message.) 118.82 658 T
1 14 Q
(10.1  Allow) 72 630.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.6 (The) 90 612 P
4 10 Q
-0.56 (Allow) 111.05 612 P
0 12 Q
-0.6 ( entity-header \336eld lists the set of methods supported by the resource identi\336ed by the) 134.93 612 P
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 90 598 T
0 12 Q
(. The purpose of this \336eld is strictly to inform the recipient of valid methods) 147.76 598 T
-0.71 (associated with the resource. The) 90 584 P
4 10 Q
-0.66 (Allow) 248.97 584 P
0 12 Q
-0.71 ( header \336eld is not permitted in a request using the) 272.84 584 P
4 10 Q
-0.66 (POST) 510.5 584 P
0 12 Q
(method, and thus should be ignored if it is received as part of a) 90 570 T
4 10 Q
(POST) 394.79 570 T
0 12 Q
( entity) 422 570 T
(.) 451.54 570 T
4 10 Q
(Allow) 108 551.33 T
(=) 189 551.33 T
("Allow" ":" 1#method) 198 551.33 T
0 12 Q
( Example of use:) 90 534 T
2 11 Q
(Allow: GET, HEAD) 108 514.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.68 (This \336eld cannot prevent a client from trying other methods. However) 90 496 P
-0.68 (, the indications given by) 419.48 496 P
(the) 90 482 T
4 10 Q
(Allow) 107.65 482 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld value should be followed. The actual set of allowed methods is de\336ned) 131.53 482 T
(by the origin server at the time of each request.) 90 468 T
(A proxy must not modify the) 90 448 T
4 10 Q
(Allow) 232.59 448 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld even if it does not understand all the methods) 256.47 448 T
-0.17 (speci\336ed, since the user agent may have other means of communicating with the origin server) 90 434 P
-0.17 (.) 537 434 P
(The) 90 414 T
4 10 Q
(Allow) 111.65 414 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld does not indicate what methods are implemented by the server) 135.52 414 T
(.) 496.6 414 T
1 14 Q
(10.2  Authorization) 72 386.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.3 (A user agent that wishes to authenticate itself with a server\321usually) 90 368 P
-0.3 (, but not necessarily) 415.36 368 P
-0.3 (, after) 509.62 368 P
(receiving a 401 response\321may do so by including an) 90 354 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 350.82 354 T
0 12 Q
( request-header \336eld with) 409.15 354 T
(the request. The) 90 340 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 169.94 340 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld value consists of) 228.26 340 T
4 10 Q
(credentials) 338.53 340 T
0 12 Q
( containing the authentication) 386.86 340 T
(information of the user agent for the realm of the resource being requested.) 90 326 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 108 307.33 T
(=) 189 307.33 T
("Authorization" ":" credentials) 198 307.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.53 (HTTP access authentication is described in Section) 90 290 P
-0.53 (1) 335.67 290 P
-0.53 (1. If a request is authenticated and a) 341.23 290 P
4 10 Q
-0.49 (realm) 512.54 290 P
0 12 Q
(speci\336ed, the same) 90 276 T
4 10 Q
(credentials) 183.93 276 T
0 12 Q
( should be valid for all other requests within this) 232.26 276 T
4 10 Q
(realm) 467.45 276 T
0 12 Q
(.) 492.43 276 T
(Responses to requests containing an) 90 256 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 266.22 256 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld are not cachable.) 324.55 256 T
1 14 Q
(10.3  Content-Encoding) 72 228.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.28 (The) 90 210 P
4 10 Q
-0.26 (Content-Encoding) 111.37 210 P
0 12 Q
-0.28 ( entity-header \336eld is used as a modi\336er to the) 191.37 210 P
4 10 Q
-0.26 (media-type) 413.12 210 P
0 12 Q
-0.28 (. When present,) 462.56 210 P
(its value indicates what additional content coding has been applied to the resource, and thus) 90 196 T
-0.14 (what decoding mechanism must be applied in order to obtain the) 90 182 P
4 10 Q
-0.13 (media-type) 401.89 182 P
0 12 Q
-0.14 ( referenced by the) 451.33 182 P
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 90 168 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld. The) 150.55 168 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Encoding) 237.48 168 T
0 12 Q
( is primarily used to allow a document to be) 317.47 168 T
(compressed without losing the identity of its underlying media type.) 90 154 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Encoding) 108 135.33 T
(=) 234 135.33 T
("Content-Encoding" ":" content-coding) 243 135.33 T
0 12 Q
(Content codings are de\336ned in Section) 90 118 T
(3.5. An example of its use is) 278.55 118 T
2 11 Q
(Content-Encoding: x-gzip) 108 98.67 T
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 34]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.79 (The) 90 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Content-Encoding) 110.86 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 ( is a characteristic of the resource identi\336ed by the) 190.86 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (Request-URI) 427.47 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 (. T) 485.23 712 P
-0.79 (ypically) 496.93 712 P
-0.79 (,) 534.79 712 P
(the resource is stored with this encoding and is only decoded before rendering or analogous) 90 698 T
(usage.) 90 684 T
1 14 Q
(10.4  Content-Length) 72 656.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 638 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 111.65 638 T
0 12 Q
( entity-header \336eld indicates the size of the) 180.54 638 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 389.72 638 T
0 12 Q
(, in decimal number) 440.04 638 T
-0.59 (of octets, sent to the recipient or) 90 624 P
-0.59 (, in the case of the) 240.21 624 P
4 10 Q
-0.55 (HEAD) 326.94 624 P
0 12 Q
-0.59 ( method, the size of the) 354.7 624 P
4 10 Q
-0.55 (Entity-Body) 466.09 624 P
0 12 Q
-0.59 ( that) 517.19 624 P
(would have been sent had the request been a) 90 610 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 306.16 610 T
0 12 Q
(.) 325.82 610 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 108 591.33 T
(=) 189 591.33 T
("Content-Length" ":" 1*DIGIT) 198 591.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example is) 90 574 T
2 11 Q
(Content-Length: 3495) 108 554.67 T
0 12 Q
(Applications should use this \336eld to indicate the size of the) 90 536 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 376.16 536 T
0 12 Q
( to be transferred,) 427.27 536 T
(regardless of the media type of the entity) 90 522 T
(. A valid) 285.41 522 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 330.05 522 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld value is required on all) 398.94 522 T
(HTTP/1.0 request messages containing an entity body) 90 508 T
(.) 348.72 508 T
(Any) 90 488 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 113.65 488 T
0 12 Q
( greater than or equal to zero is a valid value. Section) 182.54 488 T
(7.2.2 describes how) 440.68 488 T
(to determine the length of a response entity body if a) 90 474 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Length) 346.15 474 T
0 12 Q
( is not given.) 415.05 474 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 454 T
3 F
(The meaning of this \336eld is signi\336cantly differ) 138.31 454 T
(ent fr) 358.09 454 T
(om the corr) 383.3 454 T
(esponding) 438.81 454 T
(de\336nition in MIME, wher) 108 442 T
(e it is an optional \336eld used within the) 229.48 442 T
(\322message/external-body\323 content-type. In HTTP) 108 430 T
(, it should be used whenever the) 340.96 430 T
(entity\325) 108 418 T
(s length can be determined prior to being transferr) 137.1 418 T
(ed.) 381.17 418 T
1 14 Q
(10.5  Content-T) 72 392.67 T
(ype) 164.63 392.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 374 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 111.65 374 T
0 12 Q
( entity-header \336eld indicates the media type of the) 172.2 374 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 415.68 374 T
0 12 Q
( sent to the) 466.79 374 T
-0.35 (recipient or) 90 360 P
-0.35 (, in the case of the) 144.12 360 P
4 10 Q
-0.32 (HEAD) 232.29 360 P
0 12 Q
-0.35 ( method, the media type that would have been sent had the) 260.06 360 P
(request been a) 90 346 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 161.6 346 T
0 12 Q
(.) 181.26 346 T
4 10 Q
(Content-T) 108 327.33 T
(ype) 151.89 327.33 T
(=) 189 327.33 T
("Content-T) 198 327.33 T
(ype" ":" media-type) 245.43 327.33 T
0 12 Q
(Media types are de\336ned in Section) 90 310 T
(3.6. An example of the \336eld is) 259.21 310 T
2 11 Q
(Content-Type: text/html) 108 290.67 T
0 12 Q
(Further discussion of methods for identifying the media type of an entity is provided in) 90 272 T
(Section) 90 258 T
(7.2.1.) 128.98 258 T
1 14 Q
(10.6  Date) 72 230.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.85 (The) 90 212 P
4 10 Q
-0.79 (Date) 110.8 212 P
0 12 Q
-0.85 ( general-header \336eld represents the date and time at which the message was originated,) 131.91 212 P
(having the same semantics as) 90 198 T
4 10 Q
(orig-date) 234.23 198 T
0 12 Q
( in RFC 822. The \336eld value is an) 273.67 198 T
4 10 Q
(HTTP-date) 438.92 198 T
0 12 Q
(, as) 487.79 198 T
(described in Section) 90 184 T
(3.3.) 190.26 184 T
4 10 Q
(Date) 108 165.33 T
(=) 189 165.33 T
("Date" ":" HTTP-date) 198 165.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example is) 90 148 T
2 11 Q
(Date: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 08:12:31 GMT) 108 128.67 T
0 12 Q
(If a message is received via direct connection with the user agent \050in the case of requests\051 or) 90 110 T
-0.3 (the origin server \050in the case of responses\051, then the date can be assumed to be the current date) 90 96 P
-0.32 (at the receiving end. However) 90 82 P
-0.32 (, since the date\321as it is believed by the origin\321is important for) 232.43 82 P
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 35]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.91 (evaluating cached responses, origin servers should always include a) 90 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.84 (Date) 410.25 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.91 ( header) 431.36 712 P
-0.91 (. Clients should) 464.75 712 P
-0.61 (only send a) 90 698 P
4 10 Q
-0.57 (Date) 145.79 698 P
0 12 Q
-0.61 ( header \336eld in messages that include an entity body) 166.9 698 P
-0.61 (, as in the case of the) 411.44 698 P
4 10 Q
-0.57 (POST) 510.4 698 P
0 12 Q
(request, and even then it is optional. A received message which does not have a) 90 684 T
4 10 Q
(Date) 474.71 684 T
0 12 Q
( header) 495.82 684 T
-0.2 (\336eld should be assigned one by the recipient if the message will be cached by that recipient or) 90 670 P
(gatewayed via a protocol which requires a) 90 656 T
4 10 Q
(Date) 295.49 656 T
0 12 Q
(.) 316.6 656 T
-0.24 (In theory) 90 636 P
-0.24 (, the date should represent the moment just before the entity is generated. In practice,) 132.61 636 P
(the date can be generated at any time during the message origination without af) 90 622 T
(fecting its) 470.5 622 T
(semantic value.) 90 608 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 588 T
3 F
(An earlier version of this document incorr) 138.31 588 T
(ectly speci\336ed that this \336eld should) 340.41 588 T
-0.47 (contain the cr) 108 576 P
-0.47 (eation date of the enclosed) 173.23 576 P
4 10 Q
-0.44 (Entity-Body) 302.43 576 P
3 12 Q
-0.47 (. This has been changed to r) 352.88 576 P
-0.47 (e\337ect) 485.17 576 P
(actual \050and pr) 108 564 T
(oper\051 usage.) 176.18 564 T
1 14 Q
(10.7  Expir) 72 538.67 T
(es) 137.44 538.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.12 (The) 90 520 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (Expires) 111.53 520 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( entity-header \336eld gives the date/time after which the entity should be considered) 144.85 520 P
-0.4 (stale. This allows information providers to suggest the volatility of the resource, or a date after) 90 506 P
-0.29 (which the information may no longer be valid. Applications must not cache this entity beyond) 90 492 P
(the date given. The presence of an Expires \336eld does not imply that the original resource will) 90 478 T
-0.78 (change or cease to exist at, before, or after that time. However) 90 464 P
-0.78 (, information providers that know) 379.34 464 P
-0.16 (or even suspect that a resource will change by a certain date should include an Expires header) 90 450 P
-0.08 (with that date. The format is an absolute date and time as de\336ned by) 90 436 P
4 10 Q
-0.07 (HTTP-date) 418.99 436 P
0 12 Q
-0.08 ( in Section) 467.86 436 P
-0.08 (3.3.) 522.01 436 P
4 10 Q
(Expires) 108 417.33 T
(=) 189 417.33 T
("Expires" ":" HTTP-date) 198 417.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example of its use is) 90 400 T
2 11 Q
(Expires: Thu, 01 Dec 1994 16:00:00 GMT) 108 380.67 T
0 12 Q
(If the date given is equal to or earlier than the value of the) 90 362 T
4 10 Q
(Date) 371.11 362 T
0 12 Q
( header) 392.22 362 T
(, the recipient must not) 426.7 362 T
(cache the enclosed entity) 90 348 T
(. If a resource is dynamic by nature, as is the case with many) 209.45 348 T
(data-producing processes, entities from that resource should be given an appropriate Expires) 90 334 T
(value which re\337ects that dynamism.) 90 320 T
-0.63 (The Expires \336eld cannot be used to force a user agent to refresh its display or reload a resource;) 90 300 P
(its semantics apply only to caching mechanisms, and such mechanisms need only check a) 90 286 T
(resource\325) 90 272 T
(s expiration status when a new request for that resource is initiated.) 133.96 272 T
-0.79 (User agents often have history mechanisms, such as "Back" buttons and history lists, which can) 90 252 P
-0.65 (be used to redisplay an entity retrieved earlier in a session. By default, the) 90 238 P
4 10 Q
-0.6 (Expires) 438.65 238 P
0 12 Q
-0.65 ( \336eld does not) 471.97 238 P
-0.77 (apply to history mechanisms. If the entity is still in storage, a history mechanism should display) 90 224 P
-0.25 (it even if the entity has expired, unless the user has speci\336cally con\336gured the agent to refresh) 90 210 P
(expired history documents.) 90 196 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 176 T
3 F
(Applications ar) 138.31 176 T
(e encouraged to be tolerant of bad or misinformed) 212.16 176 T
(implementations of the Expir) 108 164 T
(es header) 246.48 164 T
(. A value of zer) 291.44 164 T
(o \0500\051 or an invalid date format) 363.28 164 T
-0.23 (should be consider) 108 152 P
-0.23 (ed equivalent to an \322expir) 197.71 152 P
-0.23 (es immediately) 322.27 152 P
-0.23 (.\323 Although these values) 392.99 152 P
(ar) 108 140 T
(e not legitimate for HTTP/1.0, a r) 118.22 140 T
(obust implementation is always desirable.) 279.7 140 T
FMENDPAGE
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
0 10 Q
0 X
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 36]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(10.8  Fr) 72 710.67 T
(om) 117.99 710.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.84 (The) 90 692 P
4 10 Q
-0.78 (From) 110.81 692 P
0 12 Q
-0.84 ( request-header \336eld, if given, should contain an Internet e-mail address for the human) 134.12 692 P
-0.45 (user who controls the requesting user agent. The address should be machine-usable, as de\336ned) 90 678 P
(by) 90 664 T
4 10 Q
(mailbox) 104.99 664 T
0 12 Q
( in RFC 822) 139.42 664 T
([7] \050as updated by RFC 1) 201.4 664 T
(123) 322.55 664 T
([6]\051:) 343.54 664 T
4 10 Q
(From) 108 645.33 T
(=) 189 645.33 T
("From" ":" mailbox) 198 645.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example is:) 90 628 T
2 11 Q
(From: webmaster@w3.org) 108 608.67 T
0 12 Q
(This header \336eld may be used for logging purposes and as a means for identifying the source) 90 590 T
-0.47 (of invalid or unwanted requests. It should not be used as an insecure form of access protection.) 90 576 P
(The interpretation of this \336eld is that the request is being performed on behalf of the person) 90 562 T
-0.09 (given, who accepts responsibility for the) 90 548 P
4 10 Q
-0.09 (method) 286.97 548 P
0 12 Q
-0.09 ( performed. In particular) 320.3 548 P
-0.09 (, robot agents should) 437.43 548 P
(include this header so that the person responsible for running the robot can be contacted if) 90 534 T
(problems occur on the receiving end.) 90 520 T
(The Internet e-mail address in this \336eld may be separate from the Internet host which issued) 90 500 T
-0.85 (the request. For example, when a request is passed through a proxy) 90 486 P
-0.85 (, the original issuer) 401.92 486 P
-0.85 (\325) 491.74 486 P
-0.85 (s address) 495.08 486 P
(should be used.) 90 472 T
6 F
-0.57 (Note:) 108 452 P
3 F
-0.57 (The client should not send the) 137.74 452 P
5 10 Q
-0.53 (From) 280.91 452 P
3 12 Q
-0.57 ( header \336eld without the user) 304.23 452 P
-0.57 (\325) 442.07 452 P
-0.57 (s appr) 444.52 452 P
-0.57 (oval, as) 473.83 452 P
(it may con\337ict with the user) 108 440 T
(\325) 241.37 440 T
(s privacy inter) 243.81 440 T
(ests or their site\325) 312.66 440 T
(s security policy) 392.06 440 T
(. It is) 469.35 440 T
-0.13 (str) 108 428 P
-0.13 (ongly r) 120.22 428 P
-0.13 (ecommended that the user be able to disable, enable, and modify the value) 153.96 428 P
(of this \336eld at any time prior to a r) 108 416 T
(equest.) 273.81 416 T
1 14 Q
(10.9  If-Modi\336ed-Since) 72 390.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 372 T
4 10 Q
(If-Modified-Since) 111.65 372 T
0 12 Q
( request-header \336eld is used with the) 186.63 372 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 365.5 372 T
0 12 Q
( method to make it conditional:) 386.05 372 T
-0.11 (if the requested resource has not been modi\336ed since the time speci\336ed in this \336eld, a copy of) 90 358 P
(the resource will not be returned from the server; instead, a 304 \050not modi\336ed\051 response will) 90 344 T
(be returned without any) 90 330 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 207.25 330 T
0 12 Q
(.) 257.57 330 T
4 10 Q
(If-Modi\336ed-Since) 108 311.33 T
(=) 189 311.33 T
("If-Modi\336ed-Since" ":" HTTP-date) 198 311.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example of the \336eld is:) 90 294 T
2 11 Q
(If-Modified-Since: Sat, 29 Oct 1994 19:43:31 GMT) 108 274.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.76 (A conditional) 90 256 P
4 10 Q
-0.71 (GET) 157.1 256 P
0 12 Q
-0.76 ( method requests that the identi\336ed resource be transferred only if it has been) 177.65 256 P
-0.79 (modi\336ed since the date given by the) 90 242 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (If-Modified-Since) 260.69 242 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 ( header) 335.67 242 P
-0.79 (. The algorithm for determining this) 369.18 242 P
(includes the following cases:) 90 228 T
(a\051) 99 208 T
(If the request would normally result in anything other than a 200 \050ok\051 status, or if) 144 208 T
-0.18 (the passed) 144 194 P
4 10 Q
-0.17 (If-Modified-Since) 196.26 194 P
0 12 Q
-0.18 ( date is invalid, the response is exactly the same as for a) 271.24 194 P
(normal) 144 180 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 180.98 180 T
0 12 Q
(. A date which is later than the server) 200.64 180 T
(\325) 379.94 180 T
(s current time is invalid.) 383.27 180 T
(b\051) 99 160 T
(If the resource has been modi\336ed since the) 144 160 T
4 10 Q
(If-Modified-Since) 351.83 160 T
0 12 Q
( date, the response is) 426.81 160 T
(exactly the same as for a normal) 144 146 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 302.2 146 T
0 12 Q
(.) 321.87 146 T
(c\051) 99 126 T
-0.12 (If the resource has not been modi\336ed since a valid) 144 126 P
4 10 Q
-0.11 (If-Modified-Since) 386.58 126 P
0 12 Q
-0.12 ( date, the server) 461.56 126 P
(shall return a 304 \050not modi\336ed\051 response.) 144 112 T
-0.51 (The purpose of this feature is to allow ef) 90 92 P
-0.51 (\336cient updates of cached information with a minimum) 280.24 92 P
(amount of transaction overhead.) 90 78 T
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612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 37]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(10.10  Last-Modi\336ed) 72 710.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 692 T
4 10 Q
(Last-Modified) 111.65 692 T
0 12 Q
( entity-header \336eld indicates the date and time at which the sender believes) 171.63 692 T
-0.63 (the resource was last modi\336ed. The exact semantics of this \336eld are de\336ned in terms of how the) 90 678 P
-0.3 (recipient should interpret it:) 90 664 P
-0.3 (if the recipient has a copy of this resource which is older than the) 228.39 664 P
(date given by the) 90 650 T
4 10 Q
(Last-Modified) 175.27 650 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld, that copy should be considered stale.) 235.26 650 T
4 10 Q
(Last-Modi\336ed) 108 631.33 T
(=) 189 631.33 T
("Last-Modi\336ed" ":" HTTP-date) 198 631.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example of its use is) 90 614 T
2 11 Q
(Last-Modified: Tue, 15 Nov 1994 12:45:26 GMT) 108 594.67 T
0 12 Q
(The exact meaning of this header \336eld depends on the implementation of the sender and the) 90 576 T
(nature of the original resource. For \336les, it may be just the \336le system last-modi\336ed time. For) 90 562 T
(entities with dynamically included parts, it may be the most recent of the set of last-modify) 90 548 T
(times for its component parts. For database gateways, it may be the last-update timestamp of) 90 534 T
(the record. For virtual objects, it may be the last time the internal state changed.) 90 520 T
(An origin server must not send a Last-Modi\336ed date which is later than the server) 90 500 T
(\325) 482.83 500 T
(s time of) 486.17 500 T
-0.67 (message origination. In such cases, where the resource\325) 90 486 P
-0.67 (s last modi\336cation would indicate some) 350.78 486 P
(time in the future, the server must replace that date with the message origination date.) 90 472 T
1 14 Q
(10.1) 72 444.67 T
(1  Location) 95.72 444.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.88 (The Location response-header \336eld de\336nes the exact location of the resource that was identi\336ed) 90 426 P
(by the) 90 412 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 122.65 412 T
0 12 Q
(. For 3xx responses, the location must indicate the server) 180.4 412 T
(\325) 453.66 412 T
(s preferred URL) 457 412 T
(for automatic redirection to the resource. Only one absolute URL is allowed.) 90 398 T
4 10 Q
(Location) 108 379.33 T
(=) 189 379.33 T
("Location" ":" absoluteURI) 198 379.33 T
0 12 Q
(An example is) 90 362 T
2 11 Q
(Location: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/NewLocation.html) 108 342.67 T
1 14 Q
(10.12  Pragma) 72 316.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.67 (The) 90 298 P
4 10 Q
-0.62 (Pragma) 110.98 298 P
0 12 Q
-0.67 ( general-header \336eld is used to include implementation-speci\336c directives that may) 145.97 298 P
-0.49 (apply to any recipient along the request/response chain. All pragma directives specify optional) 90 284 P
-0.68 (behavior from the viewpoint of the protocol; however) 90 270 P
-0.68 (, some systems may require that behavior) 342.9 270 P
(be consistent with the directives.) 90 256 T
4 10 Q
(Pragma) 108 237.33 T
(=) 234 237.33 T
("Pragma" ":" 1#pragma-directive) 243 237.33 T
(pragma-directive) 108 221.33 T
(=) 234 221.33 T
("no-cache" | extension-pragma) 243 221.33 T
(extension-pragma) 108 209.33 T
(=) 234 209.33 T
(token [ "=" word ]) 243 209.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.77 (When the \322) 90 192 P
2 11 Q
-1.69 (no-cache) 143.08 192 P
0 12 Q
-0.77 (\323 directive is present in a request message, an application should forward) 195.82 192 P
-0.79 (the request toward the origin server even if it has a cached copy of what is being requested. This) 90 178 P
-0.18 (allows a client to insist upon receiving an authoritative response to its request. It also allows a) 90 164 P
(client to refresh a cached copy which is known to be corrupted or stale.) 90 150 T
(Pragma directives must be passed through by a proxy or gateway application, regardless of) 90 130 T
(their signi\336cance to that application, since the directives may be applicable to all recipients) 90 116 T
-0.29 (along the request/response chain. It is not possible to specify a pragma for a speci\336c recipient;) 90 102 P
(however) 90 88 T
(, any pragma directive not relevant to a recipient should be ignored by that recipient.) 130.81 88 T
55.82 312 57.82 350 R
V
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0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 38]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(10.13  Refer) 72 710.67 T
(er) 143.63 710.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.69 (The) 90 692 P
4 10 Q
-0.64 (Referer) 110.96 692 P
0 12 Q
-0.69 ( request-header \336eld allows the client to specify) 144.28 692 P
-0.69 (, for the server) 368.18 692 P
-0.69 (\325) 436.49 692 P
-0.69 (s bene\336t, the address) 439.83 692 P
(\050URI\051 of the resource from which the) 90 678 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 272.18 678 T
0 12 Q
( was obtained. This allows a server to) 329.94 678 T
(generate lists of back-links to resources for interest, logging, optimized caching, etc. It also) 90 664 T
(allows obsolete or mistyped links to be traced for maintenance. The) 90 650 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 417.77 650 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld must not be) 451.09 650 T
-0.85 (sent if the) 90 636 P
4 10 Q
-0.79 (Request-URI) 137.75 636 P
0 12 Q
-0.85 ( was obtained from a source that does not have its own URI, such as input) 195.51 636 P
(from the user keyboard.) 90 622 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 108 603.33 T
(=) 189 603.33 T
("Referer" ":" \050 absoluteURI | relativeURI \051) 198 603.33 T
0 12 Q
(Example:) 90 586 T
2 11 Q
(Referer: http://www.w3.org/hypertext/DataSources/Overview.html) 108 566.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.38 (If a partial URI is given, it should be interpreted relative to the) 90 548 P
4 10 Q
-0.35 (Request-URI) 388.19 548 P
0 12 Q
-0.38 (. The URI must not) 445.95 548 P
(include a fragment.) 90 534 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 514 T
3 F
(Because the sour) 138.31 514 T
(ce of a link may be private information or may r) 219.8 514 T
(eveal an) 450.54 514 T
(otherwise private information sour) 108 502 T
(ce, it is str) 275.14 502 T
(ongly r) 324.67 502 T
(ecommended that the user be) 358.54 502 T
(able to select whether or not the) 108 490 T
5 10 Q
(Referer) 265.57 490 T
3 12 Q
( \336eld is sent. For example, a br) 298.89 490 T
(owser client) 448.02 490 T
(could have a toggle switch for br) 108 478 T
(owsing openly/anonymously) 266.13 478 T
(, which would) 401.06 478 T
(r) 108 466 T
(espectively enable/disable the sending of) 112.22 466 T
5 10 Q
(Referer) 311.08 466 T
3 12 Q
( and) 344.41 466 T
5 10 Q
(From) 368.39 466 T
3 12 Q
( information.) 391.71 466 T
1 14 Q
(10.14  Server) 72 440.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 422 T
4 10 Q
(Server) 111.65 422 T
0 12 Q
( response-header \336eld contains information about the software used by the origin) 141.08 422 T
(server to handle the request. The \336eld can contain multiple product tokens \050Section) 90 408 T
(3.7\051 and) 491.72 408 T
(comments identifying the server and any signi\336cant subproducts. By convention, the product) 90 394 T
(tokens are listed in order of their signi\336cance for identifying the application.) 90 380 T
4 10 Q
(Server) 108 361.33 T
(=) 189 361.33 T
("Server" ":" 1*\050 product | comment \051) 198 361.33 T
0 12 Q
(Example:) 90 344 T
2 11 Q
(Server: CERN/3.0 libwww/2.17) 108 324.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.33 (If the response is being forwarded through a proxy) 90 306 P
-0.33 (, the proxy application must not add its data) 329.74 306 P
(to the product list.) 90 292 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 272 T
3 F
(Revealing the speci\336c softwar) 138.31 272 T
(e version of the server may allow the server) 281.44 272 T
(machine to become mor) 108 260 T
(e vulnerable to attacks against softwar) 222.46 260 T
(e that is known to) 408.26 260 T
(contain security holes. Server implementors ar) 108 248 T
(e encouraged to make this \336eld a) 332.07 248 T
(con\336gurable option.) 108 236 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 218 T
3 F
(Some existing servers fail to r) 138.31 218 T
(estrict themselves to the pr) 280.78 218 T
(oduct token syntax) 408.92 218 T
(within the Server \336eld.) 108 206 T
55.82 202 57.82 244 R
V
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0 10 Q
0 X
0 K
(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 39]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(10.15  User) 72 710.67 T
(-Agent) 137.93 710.67 T
0 12 Q
(The) 90 692 T
4 10 Q
(User-Agent) 111.65 692 T
0 12 Q
( request-header \336eld contains information about the user agent originating the) 162.19 692 T
(request. This is for statistical purposes, the tracing of protocol violations, and automated) 90 678 T
(recognition of user agents for the sake of tailoring responses to avoid particular user agent) 90 664 T
-0.43 (limitations. Although it is not required, user agents should include this \336eld with requests. The) 90 650 P
-0.72 (\336eld can contain multiple product tokens \050Section) 90 636 P
-0.72 (3.7\051 and comments identifying the agent and) 327.86 636 P
(any subproducts which form a signi\336cant part of the user agent. By convention, the product) 90 622 T
(tokens are listed in order of their signi\336cance for identifying the application.) 90 608 T
4 10 Q
(User-Agent) 108 589.33 T
(=) 189 589.33 T
("User-Agent" ":" 1*\050 product | comment \051) 198 589.33 T
0 12 Q
(Example:) 90 572 T
2 11 Q
(User-Agent: CERN-LineMode/2.15 libwww/2.17b3) 108 552.67 T
6 12 Q
-0.6 (Note:) 108 534 P
3 F
-0.6 (Some curr) 137.71 534 P
-0.6 (ent pr) 186.3 534 P
-0.6 (oxy applications append their pr) 213.57 534 P
-0.6 (oduct information to the list in) 367.31 534 P
-0.52 (the User) 108 522 P
-0.52 (-Agent \336eld. This is not r) 148.21 522 P
-0.52 (ecommended, since it makes machine interpr) 264.43 522 P
-0.52 (etation) 477.21 522 P
(of these \336elds ambiguous.) 108 510 T
6 F
(Note:) 108 492 T
3 F
(Some existing clients fail to r) 138.31 492 T
(estrict themselves to the pr) 277.45 492 T
(oduct token syntax) 405.59 492 T
(within the User) 108 480 T
(-Agent \336eld.) 181.72 480 T
1 14 Q
(10.16  WWW) 72 454.67 T
(-Authenticate) 151.94 454.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.36 (The) 90 436 P
4 10 Q
-0.33 (WWW-Authenticate) 111.29 436 P
0 12 Q
-0.36 ( response-header \336eld must be included in 401 \050unauthorized\051 response) 198.48 436 P
(messages. The \336eld value consists of at least one) 90 422 T
4 10 Q
(challenge) 327.17 422 T
0 12 Q
( that indicates the authentication) 369.95 422 T
(scheme\050s\051 and parameters applicable to the) 90 408 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 299.83 408 T
0 12 Q
(.) 357.58 408 T
4 10 Q
(WWW) 108 389.33 T
(-Authenticate) 136.12 389.33 T
(=) 234 389.33 T
("WWW) 243 389.33 T
(-Authenticate" ":" 1#challenge) 274.67 389.33 T
0 12 Q
(The HTTP access authentication process is described in Section) 90 372 T
(1) 399.44 372 T
(1. User agents must take) 404.99 372 T
-0.51 (special care in parsing the) 90 358 P
4 10 Q
-0.47 (WWW-Authenticate) 215.03 358 P
0 12 Q
-0.51 ( \336eld value if it contains more than one challenge,) 302.23 358 P
-0.79 (or if more than one) 90 344 P
4 10 Q
-0.73 (WWW-Authenticate) 181 344 P
0 12 Q
-0.79 ( header \336eld is provided, since the contents of a challenge) 268.19 344 P
(may itself contain a comma-separated list of authentication parameters.) 90 330 T
55.82 476 57.82 518 R
V
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
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(1) 72 708 T
(1.  Access Authentication) 80.01 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.36 (HTTP provides a simple challenge-response authentication mechanism which may be used by) 90 686 P
(a server to challenge a client request and by a client to provide authentication information. It) 90 672 T
-0.26 (uses an extensible, case-insensitive token to identify the authentication scheme, followed by a) 90 658 P
(comma-separated list of attribute-value pairs which carry the parameters necessary for) 90 644 T
(achieving authentication via that scheme.) 90 630 T
4 10 Q
(auth-scheme) 108 611.33 T
(=) 189 611.33 T
(token) 198 611.33 T
(auth-param) 108 595.33 T
(=) 189 595.33 T
(token "=" quoted-string) 198 595.33 T
0 12 Q
(The 401 \050unauthorized\051 response message is used by an origin server to challenge the) 90 578 T
(authorization of a user agent. This response must include a) 90 564 T
4 10 Q
(WWW-Authenticate) 374.8 564 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld) 461.99 564 T
(containing at least one) 90 550 T
4 10 Q
(challenge) 200.59 550 T
0 12 Q
( applicable to the requested resource.) 243.37 550 T
4 10 Q
(challenge) 108 531.33 T
(=) 189 531.33 T
(auth-scheme 1*SP realm *\050 "," auth-param \051) 198 531.33 T
(realm) 108 515.33 T
(=) 189 515.33 T
("realm" "=" realm-value) 198 515.33 T
(realm-value) 108 503.33 T
(=) 189 503.33 T
(quoted-string) 198 503.33 T
0 12 Q
(The realm attribute \050case-insensitive\051 is required for all authentication schemes which issue a) 90 486 T
-0.69 (challenge. The realm value \050case-sensitive\051, in combination with the canonical root URL of the) 90 472 P
-0.66 (server being accessed, de\336nes the protection space. These realms allow the protected resources) 90 458 P
(on a server to be partitioned into a set of protection spaces, each with its own authentication) 90 444 T
(scheme and/or authorization database. The realm value is a string, generally assigned by the) 90 430 T
(origin server) 90 416 T
(, which may have additional semantics speci\336c to the authentication scheme.) 150.47 416 T
-0.3 (A user agent that wishes to authenticate itself with a server\321usually) 90 396 P
-0.3 (, but not necessarily) 415.36 396 P
-0.3 (, after) 509.62 396 P
(receiving a 401 response\321may do so by including an) 90 382 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 350.82 382 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld with the) 409.15 382 T
(request. The) 90 368 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 152.28 368 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld value consists of) 210.61 368 T
4 10 Q
(credentials) 320.88 368 T
0 12 Q
( containing the authentication) 369.2 368 T
(information of the user agent for the realm of the resource being requested.) 90 354 T
4 10 Q
(credentials) 108 335.33 T
(=) 189 335.33 T
(basic-credentials) 198 335.33 T
(|) 189 323.33 T
(\050 auth-scheme #auth-param \051) 198 323.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.4 (The domain over which credentials can be automatically applied by a user agent is determined) 90 306 P
(by the protection space. If a prior request has been authorized, the same credentials may be) 90 292 T
-0.47 (reused for all other requests within that protection space for a period of time determined by the) 90 278 P
(authentication scheme, parameters, and/or user preference. Unless otherwise de\336ned by the) 90 264 T
(authentication scheme, a single protection space cannot extend outside the scope of its server) 90 250 T
(.) 535.67 250 T
(If the server does not wish to accept the credentials sent with a request, it should return a 403) 90 230 T
(\050forbidden\051 response.) 90 216 T
-0.7 (The HTTP protocol does not restrict applications to this simple challenge-response mechanism) 90 196 P
(for access authentication. Additional mechanisms may be used, such as encryption at the) 90 182 T
(transport level or via message encapsulation, and with additional header \336elds specifying) 90 168 T
(authentication information. However) 90 154 T
(, these additional mechanisms are not de\336ned by this) 267.06 154 T
(speci\336cation.) 90 140 T
-0.46 (Proxies must be completely transparent regarding user agent authentication. That is, they must) 90 120 P
(forward the) 90 106 T
4 10 Q
(WWW-Authenticate) 148.61 106 T
0 12 Q
( and) 235.8 106 T
4 10 Q
(Authorization) 259.12 106 T
0 12 Q
( headers untouched, and must not cache the) 317.45 106 T
-0.16 (response to a request containing) 90 92 P
4 10 Q
-0.15 (Authorization) 246.09 92 P
0 12 Q
-0.16 (. HTTP/1.0 does not provide a means for a client) 304.42 92 P
(to be authenticated with a proxy) 90 78 T
(.) 243.44 78 T
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1 14 Q
(1) 72 710.67 T
(1.1  Basic Authentication Scheme) 78.23 710.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.25 (The "basic" authentication scheme is based on the model that the user agent must authenticate) 90 692 P
-0.04 (itself with a user) 90 678 P
-0.04 (-ID and a password for each realm. The realm value should be considered an) 169.24 678 P
(opaque string which can only be compared for equality with other realms on that server) 90 664 T
(. The) 509.03 664 T
(server will authorize the request only if it can validate the user) 90 650 T
(-ID and password for the) 389.2 650 T
(protection space of the) 90 636 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 201.91 636 T
0 12 Q
(. There are no optional authentication parameters.) 259.67 636 T
(Upon receipt of an unauthorized request for a URI within the protection space, the server) 90 616 T
(should respond with a challenge like the following:) 90 602 T
2 11 Q
(WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="WallyWorld") 108 582.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.22 (where "W) 90 564 P
-0.22 (allyW) 137.33 564 P
-0.22 (orld" is the string assigned by the server to identify the protection space of the) 165.68 564 P
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 90 550 T
0 12 Q
(.) 147.76 550 T
-0.73 (T) 90 530 P
-0.73 (o receive authorization, the client sends the user) 96.49 530 P
-0.73 (-ID and password, separated by a single colon) 321.65 530 P
(\050":"\051 character) 90 516 T
(, within a base64) 157.57 516 T
([5] encoded string in the) 241.85 516 T
4 10 Q
(credentials) 362.09 516 T
0 12 Q
(.) 410.42 516 T
4 10 Q
(basic-credentials) 108 497.33 T
(=) 189 497.33 T
("Basic" SP basic-cookie) 198 497.33 T
(basic-cookie) 108 481.33 T
(=) 189 481.33 T
(<base64) 198 481.33 T
([5] encoding of userid-password,) 239.4 481.33 T
(except not limited to 76 char/line>) 200.78 469.33 T
(userid-password) 108 453.33 T
(=) 189 453.33 T
([ token ] ":" *TEXT) 198 453.33 T
0 12 Q
-0 (If the user agent wishes to send the user) 90 436 P
-0 (-ID "Aladdin" and password "open sesame", it would) 280.94 436 P
(use the following header \336eld:) 90 422 T
2 11 Q
(Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==) 108 402.67 T
0 12 Q
(The basic authentication scheme is a non-secure method of \336ltering unauthorized access to) 90 384 T
(resources on an HTTP server) 90 370 T
(. It is based on the assumption that the connection between the) 229.22 370 T
-0.67 (client and the server can be regarded as a trusted carrier) 90 356 P
-0.67 (. As this is not generally true on an open) 349.77 356 P
(network, the basic authentication scheme should be used accordingly) 90 342 T
(. In spite of this, clients) 420.65 342 T
(should implement the scheme in order to communicate with servers that use it.) 90 328 T
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(12.  Security Considerations) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.45 (This section is meant to inform application developers, information providers, and users of the) 90 686 P
(security limitations in HTTP/1.0 as described by this document. The discussion does not) 90 672 T
-0.81 (include de\336nitive solutions to the problems revealed, though it does make some suggestions for) 90 658 P
(reducing security risks.) 90 644 T
1 14 Q
(12.1  Authentication of Clients) 72 616.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.08 (As mentioned in Section) 90 598 P
-0.08 (1) 211.01 598 P
-0.08 (1.1, the Basic authentication scheme is not a secure method of user) 216.57 598 P
-0.76 (authentication, nor does it prevent the) 90 584 P
4 10 Q
-0.71 (Entity-Body) 269.61 584 P
0 12 Q
-0.76 ( from being transmitted in clear text across the) 320.72 584 P
(physical network used as the carrier) 90 570 T
(. HTTP/1.0 does not prevent additional authentication) 261.53 570 T
(schemes and encryption mechanisms from being employed to increase security) 90 556 T
(.) 468.61 556 T
1 14 Q
(12.2  Safe Methods) 72 528.67 T
0 12 Q
(The writers of client software should be aware that the software represents the user in their) 90 510 T
-0.63 (interactions over the Internet, and should be careful to allow the user to be aware of any actions) 90 496 P
(they may take which may have an unexpected signi\336cance to themselves or others.) 90 482 T
-0.73 (In particular) 90 462 P
-0.73 (, the convention has been established that the) 147.74 462 P
4 10 Q
-0.67 (GET) 361.46 462 P
0 12 Q
-0.73 ( and) 382.01 462 P
4 10 Q
-0.67 (HEAD) 403.87 462 P
0 12 Q
-0.73 ( methods should never) 431.64 462 P
(have the signi\336cance of taking an action other than retrieval. These methods should be) 90 448 T
(considered \322safe.\323 This allows user agents to represent other methods, such as) 90 434 T
4 10 Q
(POST) 467.71 434 T
0 12 Q
(, in a) 494.04 434 T
(special way) 90 420 T
(, so that the user is made aware of the fact that a possibly unsafe action is being) 145.51 420 T
(requested.) 90 406 T
-0.46 (Naturally) 90 386 P
-0.46 (, it is not possible to ensure that the server does not generate side-ef) 134.52 386 P
-0.46 (fects as a result of) 452.72 386 P
(performing a) 90 372 T
4 10 Q
(GET) 155.28 372 T
0 12 Q
( request; in fact, some dynamic resources consider that a feature. The) 175.83 372 T
(important distinction here is that the user did not request the side-ef) 90 358 T
(fects, so therefore cannot) 413.91 358 T
(be held accountable for them.) 90 344 T
1 14 Q
(12.3  Abuse of Server Log Information) 72 316.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.71 (A server is in the position to save personal data about a user) 90 298 P
-0.71 (\325) 369.71 298 P
-0.71 (s requests which may identify their) 373.05 298 P
-0.6 (reading patterns or subjects of interest. This information is clearly con\336dential in nature and its) 90 284 P
(handling may be constrained by law in certain countries. People using the HTTP protocol to) 90 270 T
(provide data are responsible for ensuring that such material is not distributed without the) 90 256 T
(permission of any individuals that are identi\336able by the published results.) 90 242 T
1 14 Q
(12.4  T) 72 214.67 T
(ransfer of Sensitive Information) 111.78 214.67 T
0 12 Q
(Like any generic data transfer protocol, HTTP cannot regulate the content of the data that is) 90 196 T
(transferred, nor is there any a priori method of determining the sensitivity of any particular) 90 182 T
(piece of information within the context of any given request. Therefore, applications should) 90 168 T
(supply as much control over this information as possible to the provider of that information.) 90 154 T
(Three header \336elds are worth special mention in this context:) 90 140 T
4 10 Q
(Server) 386.45 140 T
0 12 Q
(,) 415.41 140 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 421.4 140 T
0 12 Q
( and) 454.73 140 T
4 10 Q
(From) 478.04 140 T
0 12 Q
(.) 501.36 140 T
-0.26 (Revealing the speci\336c software version of the server may allow the server machine to become) 90 120 P
(more vulnerable to attacks against software that is known to contain security holes.) 90 106 T
(Implementors should make the) 90 92 T
4 10 Q
(Server) 241.24 92 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld a con\336gurable option.) 270.67 92 T
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([Page 43]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.54 (The) 90 712 P
4 10 Q
-0.5 (Referer) 111.11 712 P
0 12 Q
-0.54 ( \336eld allows reading patterns to be studied and reverse links drawn. Although it can) 144.43 712 P
(be very useful, its power can be abused if user details are not separated from the information) 90 698 T
(contained in the) 90 684 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 169.61 684 T
0 12 Q
(. Even when the personal information has been removed, the) 202.27 684 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 496.05 684 T
0 12 Q
(\336eld may indicate a private document\325) 90 670 T
(s URI whose publication would be inappropriate.) 274.21 670 T
(The information sent in the) 90 650 T
4 10 Q
(From) 223.58 650 T
0 12 Q
( \336eld might con\337ict with the user) 246.9 650 T
(\325) 406.59 650 T
(s privacy interests or their) 409.93 650 T
(site\325) 90 636 T
(s security policy) 109.99 636 T
(, and hence it should not be transmitted without the user being able to) 187.83 636 T
-0.08 (disable, enable, and modify the contents of the \336eld. The user must be able to set the contents) 90 622 P
(of this \336eld within a user preference or application defaults con\336guration.) 90 608 T
-0.04 (W) 90 588 P
-0.04 (e suggest, though do not require, that a convenient toggle interface be provided for the user) 100.36 588 P
(to enable or disable the sending of) 90 574 T
4 10 Q
(From) 257.55 574 T
0 12 Q
( and) 280.86 574 T
4 10 Q
(Referer) 304.18 574 T
0 12 Q
( information.) 337.5 574 T
1 14 Q
(12.5  Attacks Based On File and Path Names) 72 546.67 T
0 12 Q
(Implementations of HTTP origin servers should be careful to restrict the documents returned) 90 528 T
-0.53 (by HTTP requests to be only those that were intended by the server administrators. If an HTTP) 90 514 P
(server translates HTTP URIs directly into \336le system calls, the server must take special care) 90 500 T
(not to serve \336les that were not intended to be delivered to HTTP clients. For example, Unix,) 90 486 T
(Microsoft W) 90 472 T
(indows, and other operating systems use ".." as a path component to indicate a) 151.14 472 T
(directory level above the current one. On such a system, an HTTP server must disallow any) 90 458 T
-0.55 (such construct in the) 90 444 P
4 10 Q
-0.51 (Request-URI) 189.73 444 P
0 12 Q
-0.55 ( if it would otherwise allow access to a resource outside those) 247.49 444 P
(intended to be accessible via the HTTP server) 90 430 T
(. Similarly) 309.5 430 T
(, \336les intended for reference only) 359.37 430 T
(internally to the server \050such as access control \336les, con\336guration \336les, and script code\051 must) 90 416 T
(be protected from inappropriate retrieval, since they might contain sensitive information.) 90 402 T
-0.36 (Experience has shown that minor bugs in such HTTP server implementations have turned into) 90 388 P
(security risks.) 90 374 T
55.82 570 57.82 582 R
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 44]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(13.  Acknowledgments) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
(This speci\336cation makes heavy use of the augmented BNF and generic constructs de\336ned by) 90 686 T
(David H. Crocker for RFC 822) 90 672 T
([7]. Similarly) 242.23 672 T
(, it reuses many of the de\336nitions provided by) 306.08 672 T
(Nathaniel Borenstein and Ned Freed for MIME) 90 658 T
([5]. W) 320.83 658 T
(e hope that their inclusion in this) 351.17 658 T
(speci\336cation will help reduce past confusion over the relationship between HTTP/1.0 and) 90 644 T
(Internet mail message formats.) 90 630 T
-0.08 (The HTTP protocol has evolved considerably over the past four years. It has bene\336ted from a) 90 610 P
(lar) 90 596 T
(ge and active developer community\321the many people who have participated on the) 102.44 596 T
3 F
(www-) 90 582 T
(talk) 117.99 582 T
0 F
( mailing list\321and it is that community which has been most responsible for the) 135.98 582 T
(success of HTTP and of the W) 90 568 T
(orld-W) 236.26 568 T
(ide W) 270.42 568 T
(eb in general. Marc Andreessen, Robert Cailliau,) 298.43 568 T
-0.89 (Daniel W) 90 554 P
-0.89 (. Connolly) 134.3 554 P
-0.89 (, Bob Denny) 183.28 554 P
-0.89 (, Jean-Francois Grof) 241.69 554 P
-0.89 (f, Phillip M. Hallam-Baker) 337.94 554 P
-0.89 (, H\214kon W) 464.39 554 P
-0.89 (. Lie,) 513.8 554 P
(Ari Luotonen, Rob McCool, Lou Montulli, Dave Raggett, T) 90 540 T
(ony Sanders, and) 377.66 540 T
(Marc) 90 526 T
(V) 118.3 526 T
(anHeyningen deserve special recognition for their ef) 125.63 526 T
(forts in de\336ning aspects of the) 377.21 526 T
(protocol for early versions of this speci\336cation.) 90 512 T
(Paul Hof) 90 492 T
(fman contributed sections regarding the informational status of this document and) 132.76 492 T
(Appendices C and D.) 90 478 T
(This document has bene\336ted greatly from the comments of all those participating in the) 90 458 T
-0.64 (HTTP-) 90 444 P
-0.64 (WG. In addition to those already mentioned, the following individuals have contributed) 123.98 444 P
(to this speci\336cation:) 90 430 T
2 11 Q
(Gary Adams) 108 410.67 T
(Harald Tveit Alvestrand) 288 410.67 T
(Keith Ball) 108 397.67 T
(Brian Behlendorf) 288 397.67 T
(Paul Burchard) 108 384.67 T
(Maurizio Codogno) 288 384.67 T
(Mike Cowlishaw) 108 371.67 T
(Roman Czyborra) 288 371.67 T
(Michael A. Dolan) 108 358.67 T
(John Franks) 288 358.67 T
(Jim Gettys) 108 345.67 T
(Marc Hedlund) 288 345.67 T
(Koen Holtman) 108 332.67 T
(Alex Hopmann) 288 332.67 T
(Bob Jernigan) 108 319.67 T
(Shel Kaphan) 288 319.67 T
(Martijn Koster) 108 306.67 T
(Dave Kristol) 288 306.67 T
(Daniel LaLiberte) 108 293.67 T
(Paul Leach) 288 293.67 T
(Albert Lunde) 108 280.67 T
(John C. Mallery) 288 280.67 T
(Larry Masinter) 108 267.67 T
(Mitra) 288 267.67 T
(Jeffrey Mogul) 108 254.67 T
(Gavin Nicol) 288 254.67 T
(Bill Perry) 108 241.67 T
(Jeffrey Perry) 288 241.67 T
(Owen Rees) 108 228.67 T
(Luigi Rizzo) 288 228.67 T
(David Robinson) 108 215.67 T
(Marc Salomon) 288 215.67 T
(Rich Salz) 108 202.67 T
(Jim Seidman) 288 202.67 T
(Chuck Shotton) 108 189.67 T
(Eric W. Sink) 288 189.67 T
(Simon E. Spero) 108 176.67 T
(Robert S. Thau) 288 176.67 T
(Fran\215ois Yergeau) 108 163.67 T
(Mary Ellen Zurko) 288 163.67 T
(Jean-Philippe Martin-Flatin) 108 150.67 T
55.82 454 57.82 500 R
V
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V
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(INTERNET-DRAFT) 72 749.33 T
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 45]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 18 Q
(14. Refer) 72 708 T
(ences) 141.6 708 T
0 12 Q
([1]) 90 686 T
(F) 117 686 T
(.) 122.71 686 T
(Anklesaria, M.) 128.71 686 T
(McCahill, P) 203.32 686 T
(.) 259.96 686 T
(Lindner) 265.96 686 T
(, D.) 303.45 686 T
(Johnson, D.) 324.1 686 T
(T) 384.07 686 T
(orrey) 390.56 686 T
(, and B.) 415.08 686 T
(Alberti. \322The) 455.39 686 T
(Internet Gopher Protocol: A distributed document search and retrieval protocol.\323) 117 672 T
(RFC) 117 658 T
(1436, University of Minnesota, March 1993.) 142.67 658 T
([2]) 90 638 T
(T) 117 638 T
(.) 123.44 638 T
(Berners-Lee. \322Universal Resource Identi\336ers in WWW) 129.44 638 T
(: A Unifying Syntax for the) 394.77 638 T
(Expression of Names and Addresses of Objects on the Network as used in the) 117 624 T
(W) 117 610 T
(orld-W) 127.36 610 T
(ide W) 161.52 610 T
(eb.\323 RFC 1630, CERN, June 1994.) 189.54 610 T
([3]) 90 590 T
(T) 117 590 T
(. Berners-Lee and D. Connolly) 123.44 590 T
(. \322Hypertext Markup Language \320 2.0.\323 RFC) 270.55 590 T
(1866,) 485.07 590 T
(MIT/W3C, November) 117 576 T
(1995.) 227.26 576 T
([4]) 90 556 T
(T) 117 556 T
(.) 123.44 556 T
(Berners-Lee, L.) 129.44 556 T
(Masinter) 208.03 556 T
(, and M.) 250.19 556 T
(McCahill. \322Uniform Resource Locators \050URL\051.\323) 293.16 556 T
(RFC 1738, CERN, Xerox P) 117 542 T
(ARC, University of Minnesota, December 1994.) 249.17 542 T
([5]) 90 522 T
-0.17 (N.) 117 522 P
-0.17 (Borenstein and N.) 131.66 522 P
-0.17 (Freed. \322MIME \050Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions\051 Part One:) 221.25 522 P
(Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing the Format of Internet Message Bodies.\323) 117 508 T
(RFC 1521, Bellcore, Innosoft, September 1993.) 117 494 T
([6]) 90 474 T
(R.) 117 474 T
(Braden. \322Requirements for Internet hosts - application and support.\323 STD 3,) 131 474 T
(RFC) 117 460 T
(1) 142.67 460 T
(123, IETF) 148.22 460 T
(, October 1989.) 196.56 460 T
([7]) 90 440 T
(D.) 117 440 T
(H.) 131.66 440 T
(Crocker) 146.31 440 T
(. \322Standard for the Format of ARP) 184.28 440 T
(A Internet T) 348.74 440 T
(ext Messages.\323 STD 1) 407.18 440 T
(1,) 513.99 440 T
(RFC) 117 426 T
(822, UDEL, August 1982.) 142.67 426 T
([8]) 90 406 T
(F) 117 406 T
(.) 122.71 406 T
(Davis, B.) 128.71 406 T
(Kahle, H.) 176.68 406 T
(Morris, J.) 225.97 406 T
(Salem, T) 275.28 406 T
(.) 317.7 406 T
(Shen, R.) 323.69 406 T
(W) 367.67 406 T
(ang, J.) 378.04 406 T
(Sui, and M.) 412.01 406 T
(Grinbaum.) 470.98 406 T
(\322W) 117 392 T
(AIS Interface Protocol Prototype Functional Speci\336cation.\323 \050v1.5\051, Thinking) 132.32 392 T
(Machines Corporation, April 1990.) 117 378 T
([9]) 90 358 T
(R.) 117 358 T
(Fielding. \322Relative Uniform Resource Locators.\323 RFC 1808, UC Irvine, June 1995.) 131 358 T
([10]) 90 338 T
-0.28 (M.) 117 338 P
-0.28 (Horton and R.) 133.66 338 P
-0.28 (Adams. \322Standard for interchange of USENET messages.\323 RFC 1036) 204.4 338 P
(\050Obsoletes RFC 850\051, A) 117 324 T
(T&T Bell Laboratories, Center for Seismic Studies,) 232.27 324 T
(December) 117 310 T
(1987.) 169.28 310 T
([1) 90 290 T
(1]) 99.55 290 T
(B.) 117 290 T
(Kantor and P) 131 290 T
(.) 192.95 290 T
(Lapsley) 198.95 290 T
(. \322Network News T) 236.14 290 T
(ransfer Protocol: A Proposed Standard for) 329.64 290 T
(the Stream-Based T) 117 276 T
(ransmission of News.\323 RFC 977, UC San Diego, UC Berkeley) 211.84 276 T
(,) 511.55 276 T
(February 1986.) 117 262 T
([12]) 90 242 T
(J.) 117 242 T
(Postel. \322Simple Mail T) 127.66 242 T
(ransfer Protocol.\323 STD 10, RFC 821, USC/ISI, August 1982.) 237.86 242 T
([13]) 90 222 T
(J.) 117 222 T
(Postel. \322Media T) 127.66 222 T
(ype Registration Procedure.\323 RFC 1590, USC/ISI, March 1994.) 208.44 222 T
([14]) 90 202 T
-0.41 (J.) 117 202 P
-0.41 (Postel and J.) 127.66 202 P
-0.41 (K. Reynolds. \322File T) 190.14 202 P
-0.41 (ransfer Protocol \050FTP\051.\323 STD 9, RFC 959, USC/ISI,) 288.77 202 P
(October 1985.) 117 188 T
([15]) 90 168 T
(J.) 117 168 T
(Reynolds and J.) 127.66 168 T
(Postel. \322Assigned Numbers.\323 STD 2, RFC 1700, USC/ISI,) 206.95 168 T
(October) 117 154 T
(1994.) 158.63 154 T
([16]) 90 134 T
(K. Sollins and L. Masinter) 117 134 T
(. \322Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names.\323) 243.6 134 T
(RFC 1737, MIT/LCS, Xerox Corporation, December 1994.) 117 120 T
([17]) 90 100 T
(US-ASCII. Coded Character Set \320 7-Bit American Standard Code for Information) 117 100 T
(Interchange. Standard ANSI X3.4-1986, ANSI, 1986.) 117 86 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
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0 12 Q
([18]) 90 712 T
(ISO-8859. International Standard -- Information Processing --) 117 712 T
(8-bit Single-Byte Coded Graphic Character Sets --) 117 698 T
(Part 1: Latin alphabet No. 1, ISO 8859-1:1987.) 117 684 T
(Part 2: Latin alphabet No. 2, ISO 8859-2, 1987.) 117 670 T
(Part 3: Latin alphabet No. 3, ISO 8859-3, 1988.) 117 656 T
(Part 4: Latin alphabet No. 4, ISO 8859-4, 1988.) 117 642 T
(Part 5: Latin/Cyrillic alphabet, ISO 8859-5, 1988.) 117 628 T
(Part 6: Latin/Arabic alphabet, ISO 8859-6, 1987.) 117 614 T
(Part 7: Latin/Greek alphabet, ISO 8859-7, 1987.) 117 600 T
(Part 8: Latin/Hebrew alphabet, ISO 8859-8, 1988.) 117 586 T
(Part 9: Latin alphabet No. 5, ISO 8859-9, 1990.) 117 572 T
1 18 Q
(15.  Authors\325 Addr) 72 540 T
(esses) 217.59 540 T
1 12 Q
(T) 90 518 T
(im Berners-Lee) 97.78 518 T
0 F
(Director) 90 506 T
(, W3 Consortium) 129.48 506 T
(MIT Laboratory for Computer Science) 90 494 T
(545 T) 90 482 T
(echnology Square) 117.48 482 T
(Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.) 90 470 T
(Fax: +1 \050617\051 258 8682) 90 458 T
(Email: timbl@w3.or) 90 446 T
(g) 188.79 446 T
1 F
(Roy T) 90 420 T
(. Fielding) 120.76 420 T
0 F
(Department of Information and Computer Science) 90 408 T
(University of California) 90 396 T
(Irvine, CA 92717-3425, U.S.A.) 90 384 T
(Fax: +1 \050714\051 824-4056) 90 372 T
(Email: \336elding@ics.uci.edu) 90 360 T
1 F
(Henrik Frystyk Nielsen) 90 334 T
0 F
(W3 Consortium) 90 322 T
(MIT Laboratory for Computer Science) 90 310 T
(545 T) 90 298 T
(echnology Square) 117.48 298 T
(Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.) 90 286 T
(Fax: +1 \050617\051 258 8682) 90 274 T
(Email: frystyk@w3.or) 90 262 T
(g) 197.44 262 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
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1 18 Q
(Appendices) 72 708 T
0 12 Q
-0.51 (These appendices are provided for informational reasons only \321 they do not form a part of the) 90 686 P
(HTTP/1.0 speci\336cation.) 90 672 T
1 18 Q
(A.  Internet Media T) 72 640 T
(ype message/http) 230.06 640 T
0 12 Q
-0.49 (In addition to de\336ning the HTTP/1.0 protocol, this document serves as the speci\336cation for the) 90 618 P
(Internet media type "message/http". The following is to be registered with IANA) 90 604 T
([13].) 481.19 604 T
2 11 Q
(Media Type name:) 108 584.67 T
(message) 270 584.67 T
(Media subtype name:) 108 569.67 T
(http) 270 569.67 T
(Required parameters:) 108 554.67 T
(none) 270 554.67 T
(Optional parameters:) 108 539.67 T
(version, msgtype) 270 539.67 T
(version:) 144 524.67 T
(The HTTP-Version number of the enclosed message) 207 524.67 T
(\050e.g., "1.0"\051. If not present, the version can be) 207 511.67 T
(determined from the first line of the body.) 207 498.67 T
(msgtype:) 144 483.67 T
-1.09 (The message type -- "request" or "response". If not) 207 483.67 P
-0.35 (present, the type can be determined from the first) 207 470.67 P
(line of the body.) 207 457.67 T
(Encoding considerations:) 108 442.67 T
(only "7bit", "8bit", or "binary" are) 270 442.67 T
(permitted) 270 429.67 T
(Security considerations:) 108 414.67 T
(none) 270 414.67 T
1 18 Q
(B.  T) 72 383 T
(olerant Applications) 107.84 383 T
0 12 Q
-0.03 (Although this document speci\336es the requirements for the generation of HTTP/1.0 messages,) 90 361 P
(not all applications will be correct in their implementation. W) 90 347 T
(e therefore recommend that) 385.52 347 T
-0.53 (operational applications be tolerant of deviations whenever those deviations can be interpreted) 90 333 P
(unambiguously) 90 319 T
(.) 163.18 319 T
(Clients should be tolerant in parsing the) 90 299 T
4 10 Q
(Status-Line) 284.22 299 T
0 12 Q
( and servers tolerant when parsing the) 334.77 299 T
4 10 Q
(Request-Line) 90 285 T
0 12 Q
(. In particular) 149.44 285 T
(, they should accept any amount of) 213.9 285 T
4 10 Q
(SP) 384.45 285 T
0 12 Q
( or) 397.78 285 T
4 10 Q
(HT) 413.77 285 T
0 12 Q
( characters between) 427.09 285 T
(\336elds, even though only a single) 90 271 T
4 10 Q
(SP) 248.24 271 T
0 12 Q
( is required.) 261.57 271 T
-0.64 (The line terminator for) 90 251 P
4 10 Q
-0.59 (HTTP-header) 200.04 251 P
0 12 Q
-0.64 ( \336elds is the sequence) 260.57 251 P
4 10 Q
-0.59 (CRLF) 364.98 251 P
0 12 Q
-0.64 (. However) 390.12 251 P
-0.64 (, we recommend that) 438.96 251 P
-0.16 (applications, when parsing such headers, recognize a single) 90 237 P
4 10 Q
-0.14 (LF) 377.2 237 P
0 12 Q
-0.16 ( as a line terminator and ignore) 388.86 237 P
(the leading) 90 223 T
4 10 Q
(CR) 145.96 223 T
0 12 Q
(.) 160.39 223 T
1 18 Q
(C.  Relationship to MIME) 72 191 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP/1.0 uses many of the constructs de\336ned for Internet Mail \050RFC) 90 169 T
(822) 427.78 169 T
([7]\051 and the) 448.77 169 T
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions \050MIME) 90 155 T
([5]\051 to allow entities to be transmitted in an) 318.86 155 T
(open variety of representations and with extensible mechanisms. However) 90 141 T
(, RFC) 446.25 141 T
(1521) 477.92 141 T
(discusses mail, and HTTP has a few features that are dif) 90 127 T
(ferent than those described in) 359.24 127 T
(RFC) 90 113 T
(1521. These dif) 115.67 113 T
(ferences were carefully chosen to optimize performance over binary) 190.4 113 T
-0.69 (connections, to allow greater freedom in the use of new media types, to make date comparisons) 90 99 P
(easier) 90 85 T
(, and to acknowledge the practice of some early HTTP servers and clients.) 117.49 85 T
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(Hypertext Transfer Protocol \321 HTTP/1.0) 222.03 749.33 T
(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 48]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
(At the time of this writing, it is expected that RFC 1521 will be revised. The revisions may) 90 712 T
(include some of the practices found in HTTP/1.0 but not in RFC 1521.) 90 698 T
(This appendix describes speci\336c areas where HTTP dif) 90 678 T
(fers from RFC 1521. Proxies and) 354.58 678 T
(gateways to strict MIME environments should be aware of these dif) 90 664 T
(ferences and provide the) 415.55 664 T
-0.14 (appropriate conversions where necessary) 90 650 P
-0.14 (. Proxies and gateways from MIME environments to) 285.62 650 P
(HTTP also need to be aware of the dif) 90 636 T
(ferences because some conversions may be required.) 272.97 636 T
1 14 Q
(C.1  Conversion to Canonical Form) 72 608.67 T
0 12 Q
(RFC 1521 requires that an Internet mail entity be converted to canonical form prior to being) 90 590 T
(transferred, as described in Appendix G of RFC 1521) 90 576 T
([5]. Section) 349.81 576 T
(3.6.1 of this document) 408.77 576 T
-0.61 (describes the forms allowed for subtypes of the "text" media type when transmitted over HTTP) 90 562 P
-0.61 (.) 537 562 P
(RFC 1521 requires that content with a Content-T) 90 542 T
(ype of "text" represent line breaks as CRLF) 324.69 542 T
-0.54 (and forbids the use of CR or LF outside of line break sequences. HTTP allows CRLF) 90 528 P
-0.54 (, bare CR,) 489.99 528 P
(and bare LF to indicate a line break within text content when a message is transmitted over) 90 514 T
(HTTP) 90 500 T
(.) 118.65 500 T
-0.26 (Where it is possible, a proxy or gateway from HTTP to a strict RFC 1521 environment should) 90 480 P
-0.51 (translate all line breaks within the text media types described in Section) 90 466 P
-0.51 (3.6.1 of this document) 431.45 466 P
-0.1 (to the RFC 1521 canonical form of) 90 452 P
4 10 Q
-0.09 (CRLF) 260.19 452 P
0 12 Q
-0.1 (. Note, however) 285.33 452 P
-0.1 (, that this may be complicated by the) 361.25 452 P
-0.43 (presence of a) 90 438 P
4 10 Q
-0.4 (Content-Encoding) 154.96 438 P
0 12 Q
-0.43 ( and by the fact that HTTP allows the use of some character sets) 234.96 438 P
(which do not use octets 13 and 10 to represent) 90 424 T
4 10 Q
(CR) 315.18 424 T
0 12 Q
( and) 329.61 424 T
4 10 Q
(LF) 352.92 424 T
0 12 Q
(, as is the case for some multi-byte) 363.63 424 T
(character sets.) 90 410 T
1 14 Q
(C.2  Conversion of Date Formats) 72 382.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP/1.0 uses a restricted set of date formats \050Section) 90 364 T
(3.3\051 to simplify the process of date) 355.81 364 T
(comparison. Proxies and gateways from other protocols should ensure that any) 90 350 T
4 10 Q
(Date) 471.07 350 T
0 12 Q
( header) 492.17 350 T
(\336eld present in a message conforms to one of the HTTP/1.0 formats and rewrite the date if) 90 336 T
(necessary) 90 322 T
(.) 135.84 322 T
1 14 Q
(C.3  Intr) 72 294.67 T
(oduction of Content-Encoding) 123.44 294.67 T
0 12 Q
(RFC 1521 does not include any concept equivalent to HTTP/1.0\325) 90 276 T
(s) 401.82 276 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Encoding) 409.48 276 T
0 12 Q
( header) 489.48 276 T
(\336eld. Since this acts as a modi\336er on the media type, proxies and gateways from HTTP to) 90 262 T
(MIME-compliant protocols must either change the value of the) 90 248 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 396.12 248 T
0 12 Q
( header \336eld or) 456.67 248 T
(decode the) 90 234 T
4 10 Q
(Entity-Body) 144.62 234 T
0 12 Q
( before forwarding the message. \050Some experimental applications of) 195.72 234 T
4 10 Q
(Content-Type) 90 220 T
0 12 Q
( for Internet mail have used a media-type parameter of) 150.55 220 T
2 11 Q
(";conversions=<content-coding>") 90 206 T
0 12 Q
( to perform an equivalent function as) 294.35 206 T
(Content-Encoding. However) 90 192 T
(, this parameter is not part of RFC 1521.\051) 227.42 192 T
1 14 Q
(C.4  No Content-T) 72 164.67 T
(ransfer) 181.34 164.67 T
(-Encoding) 224.33 164.67 T
0 12 Q
(HTTP does not use the Content-T) 90 146 T
(ransfer) 251.82 146 T
(-Encoding \050CTE\051 \336eld of RFC 1521. Proxies and) 284.87 146 T
(gateways from MIME-compliant protocols to HTTP must remove any non-identity CTE) 90 132 T
(\050"quoted-printable" or "base64"\051 encoding prior to delivering the response message to an) 90 118 T
(HTTP client.) 90 104 T
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(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 49]) 501.42 37.33 T
0 12 Q
-0.03 (Proxies and gateways from HTTP to MIME-compliant protocols are responsible for ensuring) 90 712 P
-0.65 (that the message is in the correct format and encoding for safe transport on that protocol, where) 90 698 P
("safe transport" is de\336ned by the limitations of the protocol being used. Such a proxy or) 90 684 T
-0.16 (gateway should label the data with an appropriate Content-T) 90 670 P
-0.16 (ransfer) 378.79 670 P
-0.16 (-Encoding if doing so will) 411.85 670 P
(improve the likelihood of safe transport over the destination protocol.) 90 656 T
1 14 Q
(C.5  HTTP Header Fields in Multipart Body-Parts) 72 628.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.16 (In RFC 1521, most header \336elds in multipart body-parts are generally ignored unless the \336eld) 90 610 P
(name begins with "Content-". In HTTP/1.0, multipart body-parts may contain any HTTP) 90 596 T
(header \336elds which are signi\336cant to the meaning of that part.) 90 582 T
1 18 Q
(D.  Additional Featur) 72 550 T
(es) 236.59 550 T
0 12 Q
(This appendix documents protocol elements used by some existing HTTP implementations,) 90 528 T
-0.53 (but not consistently and correctly across most HTTP/1.0 applications. Implementors should be) 90 514 P
(aware of these features, but cannot rely upon their presence in, or interoperability with, other) 90 500 T
(HTTP/1.0 applications.) 90 486 T
1 14 Q
(D.1  Additional Request Methods) 72 458.67 T
1 12 Q
(D.1.1 PUT) 72 440 T
0 F
-0.37 (The PUT method requests that the enclosed entity be stored under the supplied) 90 422 P
4 10 Q
-0.34 (Request-URI) 465.99 422 P
0 12 Q
-0.37 (. If) 523.75 422 P
-0.6 (the) 90 408 P
4 10 Q
-0.56 (Request-URI) 107.05 408 P
0 12 Q
-0.6 ( refers to an already existing resource, the enclosed entity should be considered) 164.81 408 P
-0.4 (as a modi\336ed version of the one residing on the origin server) 90 394 P
-0.4 (. If the) 376.43 394 P
4 10 Q
-0.37 (Request-URI) 409.87 394 P
0 12 Q
-0.4 ( does not point) 467.63 394 P
(to an existing resource, and that URI is capable of being de\336ned as a new resource by the) 90 380 T
(requesting user agent, the origin server can create the resource with that URI.) 90 366 T
(The fundamental dif) 90 346 T
(ference between the POST and PUT requests is re\337ected in the dif) 187.71 346 T
(ferent) 505.58 346 T
-0.65 (meaning of the) 90 332 P
4 10 Q
-0.61 (Request-URI) 162.98 332 P
0 12 Q
-0.65 (. The URI in a POST request identi\336es the resource that will handle) 220.74 332 P
(the enclosed entity as data to be processed. That resource may be a data-accepting process, a) 90 318 T
(gateway to some other protocol, or a separate entity that accepts annotations. In contrast, the) 90 304 T
(URI in a PUT request identi\336es the entity enclosed with the request \321 the user agent knows) 90 290 T
(what URI is intended and the server should not apply the request to some other resource.) 90 276 T
1 F
(D.1.2 DELETE) 72 256 T
0 F
(The DELETE method requests that the origin server delete the resource identi\336ed by the) 90 238 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 90 224 T
0 12 Q
(.) 147.76 224 T
1 F
(D.1.3 LINK) 72 204 T
0 F
(The LINK method establishes one or more Link relationships between the existing resource) 90 186 T
(identi\336ed by the) 90 172 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 170.96 172 T
0 12 Q
( and other existing resources.) 228.71 172 T
1 F
(D.1.4 UNLINK) 72 152 T
0 F
(The UNLINK method removes one or more Link relationships from the existing resource) 90 134 T
(identi\336ed by the) 90 120 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 170.96 120 T
0 12 Q
(.) 228.71 120 T
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(February 19, 1996) 466.43 749.33 T
(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
([Page 50]) 501.42 37.33 T
1 14 Q
(D.2  Additional Header Field De\336nitions) 72 710.67 T
1 12 Q
(D.2.1 Accept) 72 692 T
0 F
(The Accept request-header \336eld can be used to indicate a list of media ranges which are) 90 674 T
-0.44 (acceptable as a response to the request. The asterisk "*" character is used to group media types) 90 660 P
(into ranges, with "*/*" indicating all media types and "type/*" indicating all subtypes of that) 90 646 T
-0.53 (type. The set of ranges given by the client should represent what types are acceptable given the) 90 632 P
(context of the request.) 90 618 T
1 F
(D.2.2 Accept-Charset) 72 598 T
0 F
-0.88 (The Accept-Charset request-header \336eld can be used to indicate a list of preferred character sets) 90 580 P
(other than the default US-ASCII and ISO-8859-1. This \336eld allows clients capable of) 90 566 T
(understanding more comprehensive or special-purpose character sets to signal that capability) 90 552 T
(to a server which is capable of representing documents in those character sets.) 90 538 T
1 F
(D.2.3 Accept-Encoding) 72 518 T
0 F
-0.67 (The Accept-Encoding request-header \336eld is similar to Accept, but restricts the content-coding) 90 500 P
(values which are acceptable in the response.) 90 486 T
1 F
(D.2.4 Accept-Language) 72 466 T
0 F
(The Accept-Language request-header \336eld is similar to Accept, but restricts the set of natural) 90 448 T
(languages that are preferred as a response to the request.) 90 434 T
1 F
(D.2.5 Content-Language) 72 414 T
0 F
(The Content-Language entity-header \336eld describes the natural language\050s\051 of the intended) 90 396 T
-0.33 (audience for the enclosed entity) 90 382 P
-0.33 (. Note that this may not be equivalent to all the languages used) 240.45 382 P
(within the entity) 90 368 T
(.) 167.85 368 T
1 F
(D.2.6 Link) 72 348 T
0 F
-0.22 (The Link entity-header \336eld provides a means for describing a relationship between the entity) 90 330 P
(and some other resource. An entity may include multiple Link values. Links at the) 90 316 T
-0.9 (metainformation level typically indicate relationships like hierarchical structure and navigation) 90 302 P
(paths.) 90 288 T
1 F
(D.2.7 MIME-Version) 72 268 T
0 F
(HTTP messages may include a single MIME-V) 90 250 T
(ersion general-header \336eld to indicate what) 317.18 250 T
(version of the MIME protocol was used to construct the message. Use of the MIME-V) 90 236 T
(ersion) 504.04 236 T
(header \336eld, as de\336ned by RFC 1521) 90 222 T
([5], should indicate that the message is) 271.22 222 T
-0.28 (MIME-conformant. Unfortunately) 90 208 P
-0.28 (, some older HTTP/1.0 servers send it indiscriminately) 254.15 208 P
-0.28 (, and) 514.25 208 P
(thus this \336eld should be ignored.) 90 194 T
1 F
(D.2.8 Retry-After) 72 174 T
0 F
-0.64 (The Retry-After response-header \336eld can be used with a 503 \050service unavailable\051 response to) 90 156 P
-0.08 (indicate how long the service is expected to be unavailable to the requesting client. The value) 90 142 P
-0.24 (of this \336eld can be either an HTTP-date or an integer number of seconds \050in decimal\051 after the) 90 128 P
(time of the response.) 90 114 T
1 F
(D.2.9 Title) 72 94 T
0 F
(The T) 90 76 T
(itle entity-header \336eld indicates the title of the entity) 118.56 76 T
(.) 369.61 76 T
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(Berners-Lee, Fielding, and Frystyk) 72 37.33 T
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1 12 Q
(D.2.10 URI) 72 712 T
0 F
(The URI entity-header \336eld may contain some or all of the Uniform Resource Identi\336ers) 90 694 T
(\050Section) 90 680 T
(3.2\051 by which the) 132.97 680 T
4 10 Q
(Request-URI) 219.91 680 T
0 12 Q
( resource can be identi\336ed. There is no guarantee that) 277.67 680 T
(the resource can be accessed using the URI\050s\051 speci\336ed.) 90 666 T
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