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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">
3 <head>
4 <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT)</title>
5 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">
6 <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">
7 </head>
8 <body class="has-abstract">
9
10 <div class="header">
11 <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)</h1>
12 <h2>Working Draft
13 <time datetime=2007-12-09>9 December 2007</time></h2>
14
15 <dl class="versions-uri">
16 <dt>This Version</dt>
17 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work"
18 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
19 <dt>Latest Version</dt>
20 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"
21 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>
22 <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
23 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work"
24 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
25 <dt>Previous Version</dt>
26 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-20071105"
27 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-20071105</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28 <dt>Version History</dt>
29 <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
30 <dt id=author>Author</dt>
31 <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"
32 lang=ja>Wakaba</a>
33 <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"
34 >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
35 </dl>
36
37 <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
38 href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
39 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
40 under the terms of the <a rel="license"
41 href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
42 Version 1.2
43 or any later version published by the <a
44 href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>;
45 with no Invariant Sections, no Front$B!>(BCover Texts, and no Back$B!>(BCover
46 Texts. A copy of the license is
47 available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
48 href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"
49 rel="license">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
50 </div>
51
52 <div id="abstract" class="section">
53 <h2>Abstract</h2>
54
55 <p>This document defines
56 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>,
57 a subset of Selectors language which is suitable for describing results
58 of Selectors parsing tests.</p>
59
60 </div>
61
62 <div id="status" class="section">
63 <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
64
65 <p class=section-info>This section describes the status of this document at the
66 time of its publication. Other documents might supersede this document.</p>
67
68 <p><!-- This document is the specification -->This document is a working draft
69 of <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>,
70 produced as part of the
71 <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a> product
72 of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
73 project.
74 It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
75 other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to
76 cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
77
78 <p>Comments on this document are welcome and
79 may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>
80
81 <p>Translations of this document might be available.
82 The English version of the document is the only
83 normative version.</p>
84 </div>
85
86 <div id="introduction" class="section">
87 <h2>Introduction</h2>
88
89 <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
90
91 <p>Selectors
92 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
93 are patterns that match against elements
94 in a tree structure and are used in Web technologies, including
95 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a>
96 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSS">CSS</a>]</cite>,
97 <a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>5</a>
98 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-HTML5">HTML5</a>]</cite>,
99 <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr title="XML Binding Language">XBL</abbr>2</a>
100 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-XBL2">XBL2</a>]</cite>, and
101 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors
102 <abbr>API</abbr></a>
103 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
104
105 <p>It is so flexible language that a conceptually same pattern
106 can be represented in infinite numbers of instances of selectors.
107 It might be convenient for e.g. validation of a test result to
108 define a subset of the language, in which no semantically equivalent
109 selectors are contained.</p>
110
111 <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
112 <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
113 specification</a>
114 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSSOM">CSSOM</a>]</cite>
115 is trying to define an algorithm to
116 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8#serializing0">serialize
117 a group of selectors</a> for the purpose of <code>selectorText</code>
118 attribute. However, the algorithm is incomplete
119 <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.
120 Note that current Web browser implementations
121 of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
122 in not escaping unsafe identifiers and therefore it is not wise
123 to deploy that format for testing.</p>
124
125 </div>
126
127 <div class="section" id="terminology">
128 <h2>Terminology</h2>
129
130 <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
131 <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
132 <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>, and
133 <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
134 document are to be interpreted as described in
135 <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
136 2119</a>
137 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
138
139 <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
140 interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
141 used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
142
143 <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
144 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
145 result is equivalent.</p>
146
147 <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
148 <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
149 as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative. Everything
150 else in this specification is normative.</p>
151
152 <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
153 referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
154 selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
155 simple selector in a selector.</p>
156 </div>
157
158 <div class="section" id="serializing">
159 <h2>Serializing Selectors in
160 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
161 Representation</h2>
162
163 <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
164 to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
165 selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
166 a group of selectors</a>.</p>
167
168 <div class="note memo">
169 <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
170 </div>
171
172 <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
173 <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
174
175 <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalize
176 a string (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>) as an <code>IDENT</code></dfn>,
177 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
178 <ol>
179 <li>If <var>n</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a <code>HASH</code>,
180 replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following characters) in
181 <var>n</var> by characters represented by them respectively.</li>
182 <li>If <var>n</var> is a <code>HASH</code>, remove the leading
183 <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
184 (<code class=char>#</code>) character from <var>n</var>.</li>
185 <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
186 <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
187 (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
188 <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
189 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
190 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
191 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
192 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
193 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
194 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
195 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
196 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
197 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
198 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
199 <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
200 <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
201 <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
202 <dfn id=var-ident-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the uppercase
203 zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character. If the character
204 is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
205 <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
206 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
207 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
208 <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
209 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
210 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
211 then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
212 <var>n</var>.</li>
213 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
214 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
215 the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
216 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
217 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
218 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
219 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
220 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
221 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
222 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
223 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
224 <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
225 <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
226 <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
227 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
228 replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
229 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
230 character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
231 <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
232 </ol>
233
234 <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a string (STRING or IDENT) as a STRING">normalize
235 a string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>) as a <code>STRING</code></dfn>,
236 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
237 <ol>
238 <li>If <var>s</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a
239 <code>STRING</code>, replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and
240 following characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
241 (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
242 newline character(s)) respectively.</li>
243 <li>If <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>, remove the quotation marks
244 enclosing <var>s</var>.</li>
245 <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
246 <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
247 <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
248 (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
249 <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
250 <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
251 BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
252 SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
253 <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
254 <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
255 <dfn id=var-string-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the uppercase
256 zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character. If the character
257 is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
258 <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
259 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
260 <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
261 MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
262 <var>s</var>.</p></li>
263 <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
264 MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
265 <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
266 </ol>
267
268 <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
269 <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
270 <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
271 character. However, depending on the context where
272 the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
273 representation is in use, a sequence of
274 <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
275 followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
276 <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
277 <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
278 <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
279 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
280 <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
281 <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
282 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
283 representation.</p>
284
285 <div class="note memo">
286 <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
287 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
288 representations are literally compared.</p>
289 </div>
290
291 <div class="issue ed">
292 <p>In a future version of the specification, we need to define
293 <dfn id=lowercase>lowercase</dfn> (maybe by referencing some version of
294 some module of <abbr>CSS</abbr>). It is <code>tr/A-Z/a-z/</code> for now.</p>
295 </div>
296
297 <p>To
298 <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-integer title="normalize an integer">normalize
299 an integer (<dfn id=var-int-i><var>i</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
300 algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
301 <ol class=algorithm>
302 <li>If <var>i</var> is equal to zero (0), return a string with only a
303 character: <code class=char>U+0030</code>
304 <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>).
305 Stop the algorithm.</li>
306 <li>Let <dfn id=var-int-result><var>result</var></dfn> be an empty string.</li>
307 <li>If <var>i</var> is less than zero (0), append a
308 <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
309 (<code class=char>-</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
310 <li>Append the decimal representation of the absolute value of
311 <var>i</var> to <var>result</var>. The decimal (base$B!>(Bten) representation
312 <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> begin with a <code class=char>U+0030</code>
313 <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>)
314 character.</li>
315 <li>Return <var>result</var>.</li>
316 </ol>
317
318 </div>
319
320
321 <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
322 <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
323
324 <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
325 representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
326 selector</a>.</p>
327
328 <p>To
329 <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
330 a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
331 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
332 <ol>
333 <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
334 <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
335
336 <dl class=switch>
337 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
338 <dd>
339 <ol>
340 <li>Append a namespace prefix as following:
341
342 <dl class=switch>
343 <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
344 by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
345 <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
346 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
347 <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>. Then, append a
348 <code class=char>U+007C</code>
349 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
350 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
351 <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
352 prefix)</dt>
353 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
354 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
355 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
356 <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
357 or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
358 specified)</dt>
359 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
360 <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
361 character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
362 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
363 character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
364 </dl>
365 </li>
366 <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
367 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) an IDENT">normalized</a>
368 local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
369 <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
370 a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
371 (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
372 </ol>
373 </dd>
374 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
375 <dd>
376 <ol>
377 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
378 SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
379 <var>r</var>.</li>
380 <li>
381 Append a namespace prefix as following:
382 <dl>
383 <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
384 <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
385 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
386 <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>. Then, append a
387 <code class=char>U+007C</code>
388 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
389 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
390 <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
391 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
392 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
393 <var>r</var>.</dd>
394 <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
395 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
396 <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
397 character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
398 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
399 character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
400 </dl>
401 </li>
402 <li>Append the
403 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
404 local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
405 <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
406 <ol>
407 <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
408 <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
409 <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
410 <li>Append the
411 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
412 value to <var>r</var>.</li>
413 </ol>
414 </li>
415 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
416 SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
417 <var>r</var>.</li>
418 </ol>
419 </dd>
420 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
421 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
422 STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
423 by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
424 class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
425 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
426 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
427 SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
428 by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (HASH except for the leading #) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
429 <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
430 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
431 <dd>
432 <ol>
433 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
434 <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
435 to <var>r</var>.</li>
436 <li>Append the
437 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
438 name (in <a href="#lowercase">lowercase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to
439 <var>r</var>.</li>
440 <li>Append any arguments as following:
441 <dl class=switch>
442 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
443 <dd>
444 <ol>
445 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
446 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
447 to <var>r</var>.</li>
448 <li>Append the
449 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
450 language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.
451 <span class="issue ed">Should we normalize cases?</span></li>
452 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
453 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
454 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
455 to <var>r</var>.</li>
456 </ol>
457 </dd>
458 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
459 <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
460 <dd>
461 <ol>
462 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
463 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
464 to <var>r</var>.</li>
465 <li>Append the
466 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
467 string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
468 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
469 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
470 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
471 to <var>r</var>.</li>
472 </ol>
473 </dd>
474 <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
475 <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
476 <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
477 <dd>
478 <ol>
479 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
480 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
481 to <var>r</var>.</li>
482 <li>Let <dfn id=var-a><var>a</var></dfn> be the <var>a</var>
483 part of the argument. If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>
484 or <code>even</code>, then let <var>a</var> be <code>2</code>.
485 If the <var>a</var> part with following <code>n</code> character
486 is omitted, then let <var>a</var> be <code>0</code>.
487 Otherwise, if only the <var>a</var> part is omitted, then
488 let <var>a</var> be <code>1</code>. Otherwise, if the <var>a</var>
489 part is <code>-</code>, then let <var>a</var> be
490 <code>-1</code>.</li>
491 <li>Let <var>a</var> be the
492 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
493 string representation</a> of integer <var>a</var>.</li>
494 <li>Append <var>a</var> to <var>r</var>.</li>
495 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
496 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
497 (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
498 <li>Let <dfn id=var-b><var>b</var></dfn> be the <var>b</var>
499 part of the argument. If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
500 then let <var>b</var> be <code>1</code>. If the argument is a
501 keyword <code>even</code>, then let <var>b</var> be <code>0</code>.
502 If the <var>b</var> part is omitted, then let <var>b</var> be
503 <code>0</code>.</li>
504 <li>Let <var>b</var> be the
505 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
506 string representation</a> of integer <var>b</var>.</li>
507 <li>If <var>b</var> does <em>not</em> start with a
508 <code class=char>U+002D</code>
509 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
510 character, then append <code class=char>U+002B</code>
511 <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
512 (<code class=char>+</code>) to <var>r</var>.</li>
513 <li>Append <var>b</var> to <var>r</var>.</li>
514 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
515 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
516 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
517 to <var>r</var>.</li>
518 </ol>
519 </dd>
520 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
521 <dd>
522 <ol>
523 <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
524 <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
525 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
526 <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
527 SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
528 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
529 <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
530 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
531 <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
532 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
533 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
534 <var>r</var>.</li>
535 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
536 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
537 <var>r</var> again.</li>
538 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
539 the simple selector specified as the argument to the
540 <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
541 <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
542 <var>r</var>.</li>
543 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
544 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
545 <var>r</var>.</li>
546 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
547 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
548 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
549 to <var>r</var>.</li>
550 </ol>
551 </dd>
552 <dt>Otherwise</dt>
553 <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
554 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
555 and therefore no
556 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
557 representation is defined for <var>ss</var>. Stop the algorithm.</dd>
558 </dl>
559 </li>
560 </ol>
561 </dd>
562 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
563 <dd>
564 <ol>
565 <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
566 <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
567 to <var>r</var>.</li>
568 <li>Append the
569 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
570 name (in <a href="#lowercase">lowercase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Belement
571 to <var>r</var>.</li>
572 <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
573 The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
574 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
575 and therefore no
576 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
577 representation is defined for <var>ss</var>. Stop the algorithm.
578 </li>
579 </ol>
580 </dd>
581 </dl>
582 </li>
583 <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
584 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
585 representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
586 </ol>
587
588 </div>
589
590 <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
591 <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
592
593 <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
594 representation is defined for an invalid
595 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
596 selectors</a>.</p>
597
598 <p>To
599 <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
600 a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
601 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
602 <ol>
603 <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
604 <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
605 <var>gs</var>:
606 <ol>
607 <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
608 in the <var>gs</var>, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
609 <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
610 <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
611 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
612 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
613 <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
614 combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
615 <dl class=switch>
616 <dt>If it is a sequence of simple selector
617 (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
618 <dd>
619 <ol>
620 <li>If <var>sss</var> contains a universal or type selector, then
621 <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
622 that simple selector</a> and append the result to
623 <var>result</var>.</li>
624 <li>Otherwise, i.e. if <var>sss</var> does not contain a universal or
625 type selector, then
626 <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
627 a simple selector <code>*</code></a> and append the result to
628 <var>result</var>.</li>
629 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
630 any attribute selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
631 then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
632 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
633 any class selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
634 then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
635 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
636 any <abbr>ID</abbr> selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
637 then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
638 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
639 any pseudo$B!>(Bclass selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
640 then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
641 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
642 any pseudo elements</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
643 then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
644 <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
645 </ol>
646 </dd>
647 <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
648 <dd>
649 <ol>
650 <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
651 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
652 <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
653
654 <dl class=switch>
655 <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
656 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
657 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
658 <var>result</var>.</dd>
659 <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
660 (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
661 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
662 <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
663 (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
664 <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
665 (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
666 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
667 <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
668 character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
669 <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
670 (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
671 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
672 <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
673 character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
674 </dl>
675 </li>
676 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
677 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
678 <var>result</var>.</li>
679 </ol>
680 </dd>
681 </dl>
682 </ol>
683 </li>
684 <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
685 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
686 representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
687 </ol>
688
689 </div>
690
691 </div>
692
693 <div class="section" id="parsing">
694 <h2>Parsing
695 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
696 Representations of Selectors</h2>
697
698 <p>Since <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">the serializing
699 algorithm for groups of selectors</a> is so designed that it always outputs a
700 valid <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
701 selectors</a>, no special parser for the
702 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
703 representation is necessary. Any conforming parser for
704 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
705 selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
706 to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
707 representations of
708 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
709 selectors</a>.</p>
710
711 <p>Likewise, <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">the serializing
712 algorithm for simple selectors</a> always outputs a valid
713 <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a> and therefore any
714 conforming parser for <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a>
715 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used to parse
716 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
717 representations of <a href="#simple-selector">simple selectors</a>.</p>
718 </div>
719
720 <div class="section" id="examples">
721 <h2>Examples</h2>
722
723 <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
724
725 <div class="example figure block">
726 <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
727 representation of a selector <code>p + q</code> is:</p>
728
729 <pre><code> *|p
730 + *|q
731 </code></pre>
732 </div>
733
734 <div class="example figure block">
735 <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
736 representation of a selector <code>a#id.class1:n\ot(:Active)/*
737 comment
738 */.class2</code> is:</p>
739
740 <pre><code> *|a.class1.class2#id:not(
741 :active
742 )
743 </code></pre>
744 </div>
745
746 <div class="example figure block">
747 <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
748 representation of a
749 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of selectors</a>
750 <code>a, #b, C[d^=e], .\31 23</code> is:</p>
751
752 <pre><code> *|a
753 ,
754 *|*#b
755 ,
756 *|C[|d^="e"]
757 ,
758 *|*.\00003123
759 </code></pre>
760 </div>
761
762 </div>
763
764 <div id="references" class="section reference">
765 <h2>References</h2>
766
767 <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
768 <h3>Normative References</h3>
769
770 <dl>
771 <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
772 <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in
773 <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
774 <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
775 <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
776 14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
777 <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
778 This version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
779 <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
780 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
781 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
782 <time datetime=2005-12-15>15 December 2005</time>. Work in progress.
783 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>
784 of the specification is referenced.</dd>
785 </dl>
786 </div>
787
788 <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
789 <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
790
791 <dl>
792 <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
793 <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
794 Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
795 Specification</a></cite>,
796 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
797 Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
798 Work in progress. The latest version of the specification is
799 available at
800 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
801 <dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
802 <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
803 Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
804 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
805 <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>. Work in progress.
806 The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
807 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
808 <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
809 <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
810 <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
811 Working Draft, <time datetime="2007-11-03">3 November 2007</time>.
812 Work in progress.</dd>
813 <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
814 <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
815 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
816 <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>. Work in progress.
817 The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
818 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
819 The latest published version of the specification is available at
820 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
821 <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
822 <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
823 2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
824 Work in progress. The latest
825 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
826 version of the specification is available at
827 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
828 </dl>
829 </div>
830
831 </div>
832
833 </body>
834 </html>

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