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1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">
3 <head>
4 <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT) Specification</title>
5 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">
6 <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">
7 </head>
8 <body class="has-abstract">
9
10 <div class="header">
11 <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)
12 Specification</h1>
13 <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-10-28>28 October 2007</time></h2>
14
15 <dl class="versions-uri">
16 <dt>This Version</dt>
17 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"
18 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>
19 <dt>Latest Version</dt>
20 <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"
21 >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>
22 <!--
23 <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
24 -->
25 <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
26 <dt>Version History</dt>
27 <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28 </dl>
29 <dl class="authors" id="author">
30 <dt>Author</dt>
31 <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"
32 lang=ja>Wakaba</a>
33 <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"
34 >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
35 </dl>
36
37 <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
38 href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
39 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
40 under the terms of the <a rel="license"
41 href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
42 Version 1.2
43 or any later version published by the <a
44 href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>;
45 with no Invariant Sections, no Front$B!>(BCover Texts, and no Back$B!>(BCover
46 Texts. A copy of the license is
47 available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
48 href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"
49 rel="license">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
50 </div>
51
52 <div id="abstract" class="section">
53 <h2>Abstract</h2>
54
55 <div class="ed issue">...</div>
56
57 </div>
58
59 <div id="status" class="section">
60 <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
61
62 <p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document
63 at the time of its publication. Other documents
64 might supersede this document.</em></p>
65
66 <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
67 <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
68 subproject
69 of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
70 project. It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
71 other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to
72 cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
73
74 <p>Comments on this document are welcome and
75 may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>
76
77 <p>Translations of thie document might be available.
78 The English version of the document is the only
79 normative version.</p>
80 </div>
81
82 <div id="introduction" class="section">
83 <h2>Introduction</h2>
84
85 <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
86
87 <p>Selectors
88 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
89 are patterns that match against elements
90 in a tree structure and are used in Web technologies, including
91 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a>
92 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSS">CSS</a>]</cite>,
93 <a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>5</a>
94 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-HTML5">HTML5</a>]</cite>,
95 <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr title="XML Binding Language">XBL</abbr>2</a>
96 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-XBL2">XBL2</a>]</cite>, and
97 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors
98 <abbr>API</abbr></a>
99 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
100
101 <p>It is so flexible language that a conceptually same pattern
102 can be represented in inifnite numbers of instances of selectors.
103 It might be convinient for e.g. validation of a test result to
104 define a subset of the language, in which no semantically equivalent
105 selectors are contained.</p>
106
107 <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
108 <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
109 specification</a>
110 <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSSOM">CSSOM</a>]</cite>
111 is trying to define an algorithm to
112 <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8#serializing0">serialize
113 a group of selectors</a> for the purpose of <code>selectorText</code>
114 attribute. However, the algorithm is incomplete
115 <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.
116 Note that current Web browser implementations
117 of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
118 in not escaping unsafe identifiers and therefore it is not wise
119 to deploy that format for testing.</p>
120
121 </div>
122
123 <div class="section" id="terminology">
124 <h2>Terminology</h2>
125
126 <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
127 <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
128 <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>,
129 <q><dfn id=should-not><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></dfn></q>, and
130 <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
131 document are to be interpreted as described in
132 <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
133 2119</a>
134 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
135
136 <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
137 interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
138 used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
139
140 <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
141 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
142 result is equivalent.</p>
143
144 <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
145 <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
146 as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative. Everything
147 else in this specification is normative.</p>
148
149 <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
150 referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
151 selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
152 simple selector in a selector.</p>
153 </div>
154
155 <div class="section" id="serializing">
156 <h2>Serializing Selectors in
157 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
158 Representation</h2>
159
160 <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
161 to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
162 selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
163 a group of selectors</a>.</p>
164
165 <div class="issue ed">
166 <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See
167 also the reference implementation</a> for now.</p>
168 </div>
169
170 <div class="note memo">
171 <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
172 </div>
173 <!-- TODO: link terms to Selectors -->
174
175 <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
176 <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
177
178 <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalize
179 a string (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>) as an <code>IDENT</code></dfn>,
180 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
181 <ol>
182 <li>If <var>n</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a <code>HASH</code>,
183 replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following characters) in
184 <var>n</var> by characters represented by them respectively.</li>
185 <li>If <var>n</var> is a <code>HASH</code>, remove the leading
186 <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
187 (<code class=char>#</code>) character from <var>n</var>.</li>
188 <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
189 <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
190 (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
191 <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
192 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
193 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
194 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
195 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
196 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
197 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
198 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
199 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
200 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
201 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
202 <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
203 <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
204 <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
205 <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
206 hexadecimal representation of the character. If the character
207 is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
208 <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
209 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
210 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
211 <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
212 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
213 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
214 then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
215 <var>n</var>.</li>
216 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
217 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
218 the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
219 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
220 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
221 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
222 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
223 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
224 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
225 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
226 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
227 <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
228 <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
229 <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
230 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
231 replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
232 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
233 character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
234 <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
235 </ol>
236
237 <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a string (STRING or IDENT) as a STRING">normalize
238 a string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>) as a <code>STRING</code></dfn>,
239 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
240 <ol>
241 <li>If <var>s</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a
242 <code>STRING</code>, replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and
243 following characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
244 (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
245 newline character(s)) respectively.</li>
246 <li>If <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>, remove the quotation marks
247 enclosing <var>s</var>.</li>
248 <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
249 <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
250 <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
251 (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
252 <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
253 <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
254 BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
255 SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
256 <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
257 <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
258 <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
259 hexadecimal representation of the character. If the character
260 is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
261 <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
262 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
263 <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
264 MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
265 <var>s</var>.</p></li>
266 <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
267 MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
268 <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
269 </ol>
270
271 <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
272 <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
273 <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
274 character. However, depending on the context where
275 the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
276 representation is in use, a sequence of
277 <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
278 followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
279 <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
280 <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
281 <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
282 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
283 <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
284 <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
285 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
286 representation.</p>
287
288 <div class="note memo">
289 <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
290 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
291 representations are literally compared.</p>
292 </div>
293
294 <div class="issue ed">
295 <p>Need to define <dfn id=lower-case>lower$B!>(Bcase</dfn>.
296 It is tr/A-Z/a-z/ for now.</p>
297 </div>
298
299 </div>
300
301
302 <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
303 <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
304
305 <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
306 representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
307 selector</a>.</p>
308
309 <p>To
310 <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
311 a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
312 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
313 <ol>
314 <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
315 <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
316
317 <dl class=switch>
318 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
319 <dd>
320 <ol>
321 <li>Append a namespace prefix as following:
322
323 <dl class=switch>
324 <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
325 by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
326 <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
327 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
328 <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>. Then, append a
329 <code class=char>U+007C</code>
330 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
331 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
332 <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
333 prefix)</dt>
334 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
335 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
336 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
337 <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
338 or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
339 specified)</dt>
340 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
341 <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
342 character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
343 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
344 character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
345 </dl>
346 </li>
347 <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
348 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) an IDENT">normalized</a>
349 local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
350 <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
351 a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
352 (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
353 </ol>
354 </dd>
355 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
356 <dd>
357 <ol>
358 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
359 SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
360 <var>r</var>.</li>
361 <li>
362 Append a namespace prefix as following:
363 <dl>
364 <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
365 <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
366 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
367 <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>. Then, append a
368 <code class=char>U+007C</code>
369 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
370 character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
371 <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
372 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
373 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
374 <var>r</var>.</dd>
375 <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
376 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
377 <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
378 character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
379 <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
380 character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
381 </dl>
382 </li>
383 <li>Append the
384 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
385 local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
386 <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
387 <ol>
388 <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
389 <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
390 <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
391 <li>Append the
392 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
393 value to <var>r</var>.</li>
394 </ol>
395 </li>
396 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
397 SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
398 <var>r</var>.</li>
399 </ol>
400 </dd>
401 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
402 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
403 STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
404 by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
405 class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
406 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
407 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
408 SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
409 by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (HASH except for the leading #) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
410 <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
411 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
412 <dd>
413 <ol>
414 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
415 <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
416 to <var>r</var>.</li>
417 <li>Append the
418 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
419 name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to
420 <var>r</var>.</li>
421 <li>Append any arguments as following:
422 <dl class=switch>
423 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
424 <dd>
425 <ol>
426 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
427 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
428 to <var>r</var>.</li>
429 <li>Append the
430 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
431 language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.
432 <span class="issue ed">Should we normalize cases?</span></li>
433 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
434 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
435 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
436 to <var>r</var>.</li>
437 </ol>
438 </dd>
439 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
440 <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
441 <dd>
442 <ol>
443 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
444 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
445 to <var>r</var>.</li>
446 <li>Append the
447 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
448 string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
449 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
450 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
451 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
452 to <var>r</var>.</li>
453 </ol>
454 </dd>
455 <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
456 <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
457 <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
458 <dd>
459 <ol>
460 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
461 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
462 to <var>r</var>.</li>
463 <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
464 integer <var>a</var> to <var>r</var>.
465 If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code> or <code>even</code>,
466 <var>a</var> is <code>2</code>. If <var>a</var> and
467 <code>n</code> is omitted, <var>a</var> is assumed as
468 <code>0</code>. Otherwise, if <var>a</var> is omitted,
469 it is assumed as <code>1</code> (or <code>-1</code>,
470 if there is a <code class=char>U+002D</code>
471 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
472 character).</li>
473 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
474 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
475 (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
476 <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
477 integer <var>b</var> to <var>r</var>.
478 It <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be preceded by a sign,
479 either <code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS
480 SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>) or
481 <code class=char>U+002D</code>
482 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
483 character. If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
484 <var>b</var> is <code>1</code>. If the argument
485 is a keyword <code>even</code>, <var>b</var> is
486 <code>0</code>. If <var>b</var> is omitted, it is assumed as
487 <code>0</code>. The sign of <code>0</code>
488 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code class=char>U+002B</code>
489 <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
490 (<code class=char>+</code>).</li>
491 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
492 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
493 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
494 to <var>r</var>.</li>
495 </ol>
496 </dd>
497 <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
498 <dd>
499 <ol>
500 <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
501 <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
502 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
503 <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
504 SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
505 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
506 <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
507 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
508 <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
509 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
510 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
511 <var>r</var>.</li>
512 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
513 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
514 <var>r</var> again.</li>
515 <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
516 the simple selector specified as the argument to the
517 <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
518 <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
519 <var>r</var>.</li>
520 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
521 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
522 <var>r</var>.</li>
523 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
524 <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
525 (<code class=char>)</code>) character
526 to <var>r</var>.</li>
527 </ol>
528 </dd>
529 <dt>Otherwise</dt>
530 <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
531 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
532 and therefore no
533 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
534 representation is defined for <var>ss</var>. Stop the algorithm.</dd>
535 </dl>
536 </li>
537 </ol>
538 </dd>
539 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
540 <dd>
541 <ol>
542 <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
543 <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
544 to <var>r</var>.</li>
545 <li>Append the
546 <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
547 name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Belement
548 to <var>r</var>.</li>
549 <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
550 The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
551 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
552 and therefore no
553 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
554 representation is defined for <var>ss</var>. Stop the algorithm.
555 </li>
556 </ol>
557 </dd>
558 </dl>
559 </li>
560 <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
561 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
562 representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
563 </ol>
564
565 </div>
566
567 <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
568 <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
569
570 <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
571 representation is defined for an invalid
572 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
573 selectors</a>.</p>
574
575 <p>To
576 <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
577 a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
578 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
579 <ol>
580 <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
581 <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
582 <var>gs</var>:
583 <ol>
584 <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
585 in the <var>gs</var>, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
586 <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
587 <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
588 <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
589 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
590 <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
591 combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
592 <dl class=switch>
593 <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector
594 (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
595 <dd>
596 <ol>
597 <li class=ed><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
598 each simple selector</a> in <var>sss</var>.</li>
599 <li class=ed>sort</li>
600 <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
601 </ol>
602 </dd>
603 <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
604 <dd>
605 <ol>
606 <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
607 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
608 <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
609
610 <dl class=switch>
611 <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
612 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
613 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
614 <var>result</var>.</dd>
615 <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
616 (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
617 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
618 <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
619 (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
620 <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
621 (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
622 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
623 <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
624 character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
625 <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
626 (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
627 <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
628 <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
629 character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
630 </dl>
631 </li>
632 <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
633 <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
634 <var>result</var>.</li>
635 </ol>
636 </dd>
637 </dl>
638 </ol>
639 </li>
640 <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
641 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
642 representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
643 </ol>
644
645 </div>
646
647 </div>
648
649 <div class="section" id="parsing">
650 <h2>Parsing
651 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
652 Representations of Selectors</h2>
653
654 <p>Since <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">the serializing
655 algorithm for groups of selectors</a> is so designed that it always outputs a
656 valid <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
657 selectors</a>, no special parser for the
658 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
659 representation is necessary. Any conforming parser for
660 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
661 selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
662 to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
663 representations of
664 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
665 selectors</a>.</p>
666
667 <p>Likewise, <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">the serializing
668 algorithm for simple selectors</a> always outputs a valid
669 <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a> and therefore any
670 conforming parser for <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a>
671 <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used to parse
672 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
673 representations of <a href="#simple-selector">simple selectors</a>.</p>
674 </div>
675
676 <div class="section" id="examples">
677 <h2>Examples</h2>
678
679 <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
680
681 <div class="ed issue">
682 <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,
683 by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>
684
685 <div class="example figure block">
686 <div class="caption">...</div>
687
688 <pre><code>...</code></pre>
689 </div>
690
691 </div>
692
693 </div>
694
695 <div id="references" class="section reference">
696 <h2>References</h2>
697
698 <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
699 <h3>Normative References</h3>
700
701 <dl>
702 <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
703 <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in
704 <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
705 <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
706 <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
707 14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
708 <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
709 This version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
710 <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
711 <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
712 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
713 <time datetime=2005-12-15>15 December 2005</time>. Work in progress.
714 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>
715 of the specification is referenced.</dd>
716 </dl>
717 </div>
718
719 <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
720 <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
721
722 <dl>
723 <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
724 <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
725 Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
726 Specification</a></cite>,
727 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
728 Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
729 Work in progress. The latest version of the specification is
730 available at
731 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
732 <dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
733 <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
734 Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
735 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
736 <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>. Work in progress.
737 The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
738 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
739 <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
740 <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
741 <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
742 Working Draft. Work in progress.</dd>
743 <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
744 <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
745 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
746 <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>. Work in progress.
747 The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
748 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
749 The latest published version of the specification is available at
750 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
751 <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
752 <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
753 2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
754 Work in progress. The latest
755 <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
756 version of the specification is available at
757 <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
758 </dl>
759 </div>
760
761 </div>
762
763 </body>
764 </html>

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