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1 wakaba 1.1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-2022-jp"?>
2     <!DOCTYPE rfc SYSTEM "rfc2629.dtd" [
3     <!ENTITY rfc.number "2606">
4     <!ENTITY ja.access "$B@\B3(B">
5     <!ENTITY ja.global "$B9-0h(B">
6     <!ENTITY ja.local "$B6ICOE*(B">
7     <!ENTITY ja.online " online ">
8     <!ENTITY ja.domain.domain-name-system "$B%I%a%$%sL>7OE}(B">
9     <!ENTITY ja.domain.localhost "$B6ICO%[%9%H(B">
10     <!ENTITY ja.domain.record " record ">
11     <!ENTITY ja.domain.root "$B:,(B">
12     <!ENTITY ja.domain.zone "$BNN0h(B">
13     <!ENTITY ja.inet.iana " Internet $B3dEvHV9f;vL36I(B">
14     <!ENTITY ja.ip.loopback " loop back ">
15     <!ENTITY ja.software.release "$BH/I[(B">
16     ]>
17     <?rfc symrefs="yes"?>
18     <rfc number="&rfc.number;" category="bcp" seriesNo="32"
19     xmlns:myns="mailto:julian.reschke@greenbytes.de?subject=rcf2629.xslt"
20     xmlns:ja="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/lang/rfc/translation/"
21     xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
22     <front>
23     <title>Reserved Top Level DNS Names</title>
24     <ja:title xml:lang="ja">$B:G>e0L(B DNS $BL>$NM=Ls(B</ja:title>
25     <author initials="D." surname="Eastlake" fullname="Donald E. Eastlake 3rd">
26     <organization>IBM</organization>
27     <address>
28     <postal>
29     <street>65 Shindegan Hill Road</street>
30     <street>RR #1</street>
31     <city>Carmel</city> <region>NY</region>
32     <code>10512</code>
33     <country ja:show="no">US</country>
34     </postal>
35     <phone ja:text="+1 914-276-1668(h)">+1 914 276 1668</phone>
36     <phone ja:text="+1 914-784-7913(w)">+1 914 784 7913</phone>
37     <facsimile ja:text="+1 914-784-3833(3)">+1 914 784 3833</facsimile>
38     <email>dee3@us.ibm.com</email>
39     </address>
40     </author>
41     <author initials="A." surname="Panitz" fullname="Aliza R. Panitz">
42     <address>
43     <postal>
44     <street>500 Stamford Dr. No. 310</street>
45     <city>Newark</city> <region>DE</region> <code>19711</code>
46     <country ja:text="USA">US</country>
47     </postal>
48     <phone ja:text="+1 302-738-1554">+1 302 738 1554</phone>
49     <email>buglady@fuschia.net</email>
50     </address>
51     </author>
52     <date month="June" year="1999" />
53     <abstract>
54     <t>
55     <ja:pair>
56     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
57     To reduce the likelihood of conflict and confusion, a few top
58     level domain names are reserved for use in private testing, as
59     examples in documentation, and the like. In addition, a few
60     second level domain names reserved for use as examples are
61     documented.
62     </ja:l>
63     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
64     $B>WFM!&:.Mp$N2DG=@-$r8:$i$9$?$a!"4v$D$+$N:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$r;dE*3NG'(B,
65     $BJ8=qCf$G$NNc<($J$I$G;H$&$?$a$KM=Ls$7$^$9!#2C$($F!"Nc<($K;H$&$?$a$KM=Ls$5$l$F$$$k4v$D$+$NBhFs0L%I%a%$%sL>$rJ8=q2=$7$^$9!#(B
66     </ja:l>
67     </ja:pair>
68     </t>
69     </abstract>
70     </front>
71     <ja:front>
72     <author fullname="$B$o$+$P(B" ja:id="wakaba">
73     <address>
74     <email>w@suika.fam.cx</email>
75     <uri>http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/</uri>
76     </address>
77     </author>
78     <ja:change>
79     <ja:item year="2002" month="05" day="11"><author ja:ref="wakaba" />
80     <t>$BF|K\8l$KK]Lu!#(B</t>
81     </ja:item>
82     <ja:item year="2002" month="05" day="12"><author ja:ref="wakaba" />
83     <t><ja:link type="rfc" number="2629" /> $B$G%^!<%/IU$1!#(B</t>
84     </ja:item>
85     </ja:change><!-- $Date: 2002/05/09 09:52:35 $ -->
86     </ja:front>
87     <middle>
88    
89     <ja:insert section="toc" />
90     <section title="Introduction">
91    
92     <t>
93     <ja:pair>
94     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
95     The global Internet Domain Name System is documented in
96     <xref target="RFC1034" />, <xref target="RFC1035" />,
97     <xref target="RFC1591" />
98     and numerous additional Requests for Comment. It defines
99     a tree of names starting with root, ".", immediately below which are
100     top level domain names such as <h:samp>.com</h:samp>
101     and <h:samp>.us</h:samp>. Below top level
102     domain names there are normally additional levels of names.
103     </ja:l>
104     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
105     &ja.global; Internet &ja.domain.domain-name-system;$B$O(B
106     <xref target="RFC1034" />, <xref target="RFC1035" />,
107     <xref target="RFC1591" /> $B$H?t$"$kDI2C$N(B
108     Requests for Comment $B$GJ8=q2=$5$l$F$$$^$9!#$3$l$O(B&ja.domain.root;,
109     "." $B$G;O$^$j!"??2<$K(B <h:samp>.com</h:samp>, <h:samp>.us</h:samp>
110     $B$N$h$&$J:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$,Mh$kLZ$rDj5A$9$k$b$N$G$9!#:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$N2<$K$ODL>o!"DI2C$N3,0L$NL>A0$,Mh$^$9!#(B
111     </ja:l>
112     </ja:pair>
113     </t>
114     </section>
115    
116     <section title="TLDs for Testing, &amp; Documentation Examples"
117     ja:title-ja="$B<B83!&Nc<(MQ$N(B TLD">
118    
119     <t>
120     <ja:pair>
121     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
122     There is a need for top level domain (TLD) names that can be used for
123     creating names which, without fear of conflicts with current or
124     future actual TLD names in the global DNS, can be used for private
125     testing of existing DNS related code, examples in documentation, DNS
126     related experimentation, invalid DNS names, or other similar uses.
127     </ja:l>
128     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
129     $B8=:_$d>-Mh$N(B&ja.global; DNS $B<B:]$N(B TLD $BL>$H$N>WFM$N6sL5$7$K!"4{B8$N(B
130     DNS $B4XO"%3!<%I$N;dE*$J<B83$dJ8=qFb$G$NNc<((B, DNS $B4XO"<B83(B,
131     $BIT@5$J(B DNS $BL>(B, $B$=$NB>F1MM$J$3$H$K;H$&$3$H$,=PMh$k:G>e0L%I%a%$%s(B
132     (TLD) $BL>$,I,MW$G$9!#(B
133     </ja:l>
134     </ja:pair>
135     </t>
136    
137     <t>
138     <ja:pair>
139     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
140     For example, without guidance, a site might set up some local
141     additional unused top level domains for testing of its local DNS code
142     and configuration. Later, these TLDs might come into actual use on
143     the global Internet. As a result, local attempts to reference the
144     real data in these zones could be thwarted by the local test
145     versions. Or test or example code might be written that accesses a
146     TLD that is in use with the thought that the test code would only be
147     run in a restricted testbed net or the example never actually run.
148     Later, the test code could escape from the testbed or the example be
149     actually coded and run on the Internet. Depending on the nature of
150     the test or example, it might be best for it to be referencing a TLD
151     permanently reserved for such purposes.
152     </ja:l>
153     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
154     $BNc$($P!"<j0z$-$,L5$$$H!"$I$3$+$N%5%$%H$,(B&ja.local;$B$GDI2C$NL$;HMQ$J:G>e0L%I%a%$%s$r(B&ja.local;
155     DNS $B%3!<%I$d@_Dj$N3NG'$N$?$a$K@_Dj$9$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#8e$G!"(B
156     $B$3$N(B TLD $B$,(B&ja.global; Internet
157     $B$G<B:]$K;H$o$l$k$3$H$K$J$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#7k2L$H$7$F!"(B&ja.local;$B$K$F$3$N(B&ja.domain.zone;$B$N<B:]$N%G!<%?$r;2>H$7$h$&$H$9$k$H!"(B&ja.local;$B$J3NG'HG$N$?$a$K>e<j$/$$$+$J$$$3$H$G$7$g$&!#$"$k$$$O!"@)8B$5$l$?<B83BfLV$G$N$_F0$+$5$l$k$+(B,
158     $B<B:]$KF0$+$5$l$k$3$H$NL5$$Nc<($H9M$($F;H$C$F$$$k(B
159     TLD $B$K(B&ja.access;$B$9$k!"3NG'$dNc<($N%3!<%I$,=q$+$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#8e$G!"3NG'%3!<%I$,<B83Bf$+$iO3$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s$7!"Nc<($,<B:]$K%3!<%I2=$5$l$F(B
160     Internet $B$GF0$+$5$l$k$+$b$7$l$^$;$s!#3NG'$dNc<($N@-<A$r4U$_$k$H!"$3$l$i$NL\E*$K1J5W$KM=Ls$7$?(B
161     TLD $B$r;2>H$9$k$N$,:GA1$N:v$G$7$g$&!#(B
162     </ja:l>
163     </ja:pair>
164     </t>
165    
166     <t>
167     <ja:pair>
168     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
169     To safely satisfy these needs, four domain names are reserved as
170     listed and described below.
171     </ja:l>
172     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
173     $B$3$N<{MW$r0BA4$KK~$?$9$?$a$K!"2<$K5s$2$F@bL@$9$k(B4$B$D$N%I%a%$%sL>$rM=Ls$7$^$9!#(B
174     </ja:l>
175     </ja:pair>
176    
177     <list style="empty">
178     <t><xref target="tld.test">.test</xref></t>
179     <t><xref target="tld.example">.example</xref></t>
180     <t><xref target="tld.invalid">.invalid</xref></t>
181     <t><xref target="tld.localhost">.localhost</xref></t>
182     </list>
183    
184     <list style="empty">
185     <t ja:anchor="tld.test">
186     <ja:pair>
187     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
188     ".test" is recommended for use in testing of current or new DNS
189     related code.
190     </ja:l>
191     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
192     $B!V(B.test$B!W(B($B3NG'(B)
193     $B$O8=9T$^$?$O?75,$N(B DNS $B4XO"%3!<%I$N3NG'$K;H$&$3$H$r?d>)$7$^$9!#(B
194     </ja:l>
195     </ja:pair>
196     </t>
197    
198     <t ja:anchor="tld.example">
199     <ja:pair>
200     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
201     ".example" is recommended for use in documentation or
202     as examples.
203     </ja:l>
204     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
205     $B!V(B.example$B!W(B ($BNc(B) $B$OJ8=q$dNc$NCf$G;H$&$3$H$r?d>)$7$^$9!#(B
206     </ja:l>
207     </ja:pair>
208     </t>
209    
210     <t ja:anchor="tld.invalid">
211     <ja:pair>
212     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
213     ".invalid" is intended for use in online construction of
214     domain names that are sure to be invalid and which it is
215     obvious at a glance are invalid.
216     </ja:l>
217     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
218     $B!V(B.invalid$B!W(B ($BIT@5(B)
219     $B$OIT@5$G$"$k$N$,3N<B$G!"0lL\$GIT@5$G$"$k$H3NG'=PMh$k%I%a%$%sL>$N(B&ja.online;$B9=B$$K;H$&$3$H$r0U?^$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
220     </ja:l>
221     </ja:pair>
222     </t>
223    
224     <t ja:anchor="tld.localhost">
225     <ja:pair>
226     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
227     The ".localhost" TLD has traditionally been statically
228     defined in host DNS implementations as having an A record
229     pointing to the loop back IP address and is reserved for
230     such use. Any other use would conflict with widely
231     deployed code which assumes this use.
232     </ja:l>
233     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
234     $B!V(B.localhost$B!W(B (&ja.domain.localhost;) TLD $B$OEAE}E*$K%[%9%H(B
235     DNS $B<BAu$G(B&ja.ip.loopback; IP address $B$r;X$9(B A
236     &ja.domain.record;$B$r;}$D$H8GDjE*$KDj5A$5$l$F$$$k$N$G!"$3$NMQES$KM=Ls$7$^$9!#B>$NL\E*$K;H$&$H!"$3$l$r2>Dj$7$F$$$k!"9-$/;H$o$l$F$$$k%3!<%I$H>WFM$9$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
237     </ja:l>
238     </ja:pair>
239     </t>
240     </list>
241     </t>
242     </section>
243    
244     <section title="Reserved Example Second Level Domain Names"
245     ja:title-ja="$BM=LsNc<(BhFs0L%I%a%$%sL>(B">
246    
247     <t>
248     <ja:pair>
249     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
250     The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) also currently has the
251     following second level domain names reserved which can be used as
252     examples.
253     </ja:l>
254     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
255     <eref target="http://www.iana.org/">&ja.inet.iana; (IANA)</eref>
256     $B$O8=:_<!$NBhFs0L%I%a%$%sL>$bNc<($K;H$($k$h$&$KM=Ls$7$F$$$^$9!#(B
257     </ja:l>
258     </ja:pair>
259    
260     <list style="empty">
261     <t>example.com</t>
262     <t>example.net</t>
263     <t>example.org</t>
264     </list>
265     </t>
266     <ja:note>example.edu $B$b(B IANA $B$,M=Ls$7$F$$$k$h$&$G$9!#(B</ja:note>
267     </section>
268    
269     <section title="IANA Considerations">
270     <t>
271     <ja:pair>
272     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
273     IANA has agreed to the four top level domain name reservations
274     specified in this document and will reserve them for the uses
275     indicated.
276     </ja:l>
277     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
278     IANA $B$O$3$NJ8=q$G@bL@$7$F$$$k(B4$B$D$N:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$rM=Ls$9$k$N$KF10U$7!"$3$l$r;XDj$5$l$?MQES$KM=Ls$7$^$9!#(B
279     </ja:l>
280     </ja:pair>
281     </t>
282     </section>
283    
284     <section title="Security Considerations">
285    
286     <t>
287     <ja:pair>
288     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
289     Confusion and conflict can be caused by the use of a current or
290     future top level domain name in experimentation or testing, as an
291     example in documentation, to indicate invalid names, or as a synonym
292     for the loop back address. Test and experimental software can escape
293     and end up being run against the global operational DNS. Even
294     examples used $B!H(Bonly$B!I(B in documentation can end up being coded and
295     released or cause conflicts due to later real use and the possible
296     acquisition of intellectual property rights in such $B!H(Bexample$B!I(B names.
297     </ja:l>
298     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
299     $B8=:_$^$?$O>-Mh$N:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$r<B83$d3NG'(B,
300     $BJ8=qCf$G$NNc<($dIT@5L>$r<($9$N$d(B&ja.ip.loopback;
301     address $B$NN`5A8l$K;H$&$3$H$G:.Mp$H>WFM$,5/$3$jF@$^$9!#3NG'!&<B83E*%=%U%H%&%'%"$O(B&ja.global;
302     DNS $B$rHr$1$FF0$+$9$3$H$,=PMh$^$9!#J8=qFb!V$N$_!W$K;H$o$l$kNc<($G$b!"%3!<%I2=$5$l$F(B&ja.software.release;$B$5$l$?$j!"8e$N<B:]$N;HMQ$d!VNc<(!WL>$NCNE*=jM-8"$N<hF@$K$h$k>WFM$,5/$3$jF@$^$9!#(B
303     </ja:l>
304     </ja:pair>
305     </t>
306    
307     <t>
308     <ja:pair>
309     <ja:l xml:lang="en">
310     The reservation of several top level domain names for these purposes
311     will minimize such confusion and conflict.
312     </ja:l>
313     <ja:l xml:lang="ja">
314     $B?t8D$N:G>e%I%a%$%sL>$r$3$l$i$NL\E*$KM=Ls$9$k$3$H$G!":.Mp$H>WFM$r:G>.8B$KM^$($k$3$H$,$G$-$k$G$7$g$&!#(B
315     </ja:l>
316     </ja:pair>
317     </t>
318     </section>
319    
320     </middle>
321    
322     <back>
323     <references>
324     <reference anchor="RFC1034" ja:text="RFC 1034"
325     ja:target-ja="http://selene.ok.mei.titech.ac.jp/docs/studies/rfc1034jp.txt">
326     <front>
327     <title abbrev="Domain Concepts and Facilities">Domain Names $B!=(B Concepts and Facilities</title>
328     <ja:title xml:lang="ja">$B%I%a%$%sL>!=35G0$H5!G=(B</ja:title>
329     <author initials="P." surname="Mockapetris" fullname="P. Mockapetris">
330     <organization abbrev="ISI">Information Sciences Institute (ISI)</organization>
331     </author>
332     <date month="November" year="1987" />
333     </front>
334     <seriesInfo name="STD" value="13" />
335     <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="1034" />
336     </reference>
337     <reference anchor="RFC1035" ja:text="RFC 1035">
338     <front>
339     <title abbrev="Domain Implementation and Specification">Domain Names $B!=(B Implementation and Specification</title>
340     <ja:title xml:lang="ja">$B%I%a%$%sL>!=<BAu$H;EMM(B</ja:title>
341     <author initials="P." surname="Mockapetris" fullname="P. Mockapetris">
342     <organization abbrev="ISI">USC/ISI</organization>
343     </author>
344     <date month="November" year="1987" />
345     </front>
346     <seriesInfo name="STD" value="13" />
347     <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="1035" />
348     </reference>
349     <reference anchor="RFC1591" ja:text="RFC 1591">
350     <front>
351     <title>Domain Name System Structure and Delegation</title>
352     <ja:title xml:lang="ja">$B%I%a%$%sL>(B&ja.domain.domain-name-system;$B9=B$$H0QG$(B</ja:title>
353     <author initials="J." surname="Postel" fullname="Jon Postel" />
354     <date month="March" year="1994" />
355     </front>
356     <seriesInfo name="RFC" value="1591" />
357     </reference>
358     </references>
359     </back>
360     <ja:back>
361     <section title="$B;29M(B">
362     <section title="$BEPO?Jm(B">
363     <list style="symbols">
364     <t>IANA
365     <eref target="http://www.iana.org/domain-names.htm" xml:lang="en">Domain Name Services</eref>
366     $B$N:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$N9`$K$O!"(B2002$BG/(B5$B7n8=:_$3$l$i$N:G>e0L%I%a%$%sL>$K$D$$$F$N>pJs$O$"$j$^$;$s!&!&!&!#(B</t>
367     <t>IANA $B$,M=Ls$7$F$$$k$3$H$r<($9EPO?Jm$N$h$&$J$b$N$O8+Ev$j$^$;$s!#(B
368     (whois $B$G$b=P$F$-$^$;$s$7(B...)</t>
369     <t>TLD $B!V(B.localdomain$B!W$b(B .localhost
370     $B$H;w$?$h$&$JL\E*$G;H$o$l$F$$$^$9!#(B</t>
371     </list>
372     </section>
373     <section title="$BB>$NK]Lu(B">
374     <t><eref target="http://www.goto.info.kanagawa-u.ac.jp/~horiyuki/rfc/rfc2606j.txt" /> ($B2,660l51$5$sLu(B)</t>
375     </section>
376     </section>
377     </ja:back>
378     </rfc>

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