* [CODE(HTMLe)[b]] 要素型 (HTML, XHTML 1)

[1] [[HTML]] の [DFN[[CODE(HTMLe)[b]] 要素型]]の要素は、
[[内容]]を[RUBY[太字] [ボールド]]で表示するべきものです。

[2] 仕様書:
- [[HTML 4]]
-- [CSECTION[15.2.1 Font style elements: the [CODE(HTMLe)[TT]], [CODE(HTMLe)[I]], [CODE(HTMLe)[B]], [CODE(HTMLe)[BIG]], [CODE(HTMLe)[SMALL]], [CODE(HTMLe)[STRIKE]], [CODE(HTMLe)[S]], and [CODE(HTMLe)[U]] elements]]
<IW:HTML4:"present/graphics.html#edef-B">

[3]
:[[名前空間名]]:[CODE(URI)[[[http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml]]]]
:[[局所名]]:[CODE(HTMLe)[b]]
:[[開始タグ]]:必須
:[[終了タグ]]:必須
:[[内容模型]]:[CODE(SGML)[(%[[inline]];)*]]
:出現できる文脈:[CODE(SGML)[%inline]] な文脈
:[[属性]]:
,属性名	,属性値	,既定値	,説明	,状態	,出典
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[class]]]]	,	,	,[[級]]	,[HTML4] %[[coreattr]]
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[dir]]]]	,	,	,[[書字方向]]	,[HTML4] %[[i18n]]
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[id]]]]	,	,	,一意識別子	,[HTML4] %coreattr
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[lang]]]]	,	,	,[[自然言語]]	,[HTML4] %i18n
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[xml]]:lang]]	,	,	,自然言語	,[XHTML1]
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onclick]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %[[events]]
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[ondblclick]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onkeydown]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onkeypress]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onkeyup]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onmousedown]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onmousemove]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onmouseout]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onmouseover]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[onmouseup]]]]	,	,	,	,[HTML4] %events
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[style]]]]	,	,	,スタイル情報	,[HTML4] %coreattr
,[CODE(HTMLa)[[[title]]]]	,	,	,注釈的題	,[HTML4] %coreattr


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[[#comment]]


** 代替

[8] この要素型は'''[RUBYB[非推奨] [deprecated]]'''ではありませんが、
'''[RUBYB[推奨されません] [discouraged]]''' [SRC[HTML 4 15.2]]。
代わりに、[[スタイル・シート]]を利用できます。

[9] 太字にするためには、 [[CSS]] なら [SAMP(CSS)[[[font-weight]]]]
特性を利用できます。

太字にする理由が強調であるなら、 [CODE(HTMLe)[[[em]]]]
要素型や [CODE(HTMLe)[[[strong]]]] 要素型を使うのが適当です。
特に見出しであるなら [CODE(HTMLe)[[[h[VAR[n]]]]]],
定義語であるなら [CODE(HTMLe)[[[dfn]]]] など、
適当な要素型が用意されているかもしれません。

[[#comment]]


** 応用

[4] [CODE(HTMLe)[b]] 要素は、フォント・スタイル要素の一種です。
フォント・スタイル要素のレンダリングは [[UA]]
依存で、仕様書では規定されていませんが、[RUBYB[参考] [informative]]として、
[RUBYB[太字] [bold]]スタイルでレンダリングするとされています。
他のフォント・スタイル要素も含めて入れ子の場合のレンダリングは UA
依存です。 [SRC[HTML 4 15.2.1]]

[5] [CODE(HTMLe)[b]] はいわゆる[[物理要素]]で、
論理的・構造的意味は持たないのですが、
[Q[太字]]という物理的意味さえ伝わることが保証されないということです。

[6] 多くの[[視覚UA]] では、 [CODE(HTMLe)[b]] 要素の内容を太字でレンダリングします
(想定通り)。

[CODE(HTMLe)[b]] 要素の中に [CODE(HTMLe)[[[i]]]] 要素を入れたり、
その逆にしたりすると太字 + [[斜体]]になるはずですが、
UA のレンダリング能力によってはいずれかだけになることもあります。

[7] 太字は、多くのシステムでは、[[重ね打ち]]や線の太さを増やすことで実現されます。
また、近代的なフォント環境では、太字専用のフォントが用意されていて、
そちらが利用されることもあります。

[[#comment]]


** 例

[10] 定義する用語をマークした例

>
[PRE(HTML deprecated example code)[
<[CODE(HTMLe)[p]]>[<[CODE(HTMLe)[a]] [CODE(HTMLa)[name]]="dt-traversal" [CODE(HTMLa)[title]]="Traversal">Definition</[CODE(HTMLe)[a]]>: Using or following a link for
any purpose is called '''<[CODE(HTMLe)[b]]>traversal</[CODE(HTMLe)[b]]>'''.]
]PRE]

このような場合は [CODE(HTMLe)[[[dfn]]]] 要素型を使う方が適当です。

出典: 
[CITE[XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0]] 
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/#dt-traversal>

[11] 小見出しのようなものをマークした例

>
[PRE(HTML deprecated example code)[
<[CODE(HTMLe)[div]] [CODE(HTMLa)[class]]="note"><[CODE(HTMLe)[p]] [CODE(HTMLa)[class]]="prefix">'''<[CODE(HTMLe)[b]]>Note:</[CODE(HTMLe)[b]]>'''</[CODE(HTMLe)[p]]>
<[CODE(HTMLe)[p]]>Most code examples in this specification do not show an XLink namespace
declaration.
]PRE]

このような場合は場面に応じて [CODE(HTMLe)[[[h[VAR[n]]]]]]
要素型か [CODE(HTMLe)[[[em]]]] 要素型か [CODE(HTMLe)[[[span]]]]
要素型を使う方が適切です。

出典:
[CITE[XML Linking Language (XLink) Version 1.0]] 
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xlink-20010627/#att-method>

[16]
よくわからないけどこんな例がありました:
[PRE(HTML bad example code)[
<b><strong>CADオペレーターで関東のアルバイト・求人情報一覧</strong></b>
]PRE]

;; [CITE@ja[CADオペレーターで関東のアルバイト・求人情報一覧:タウンワーク]] ([CODE[2007-06-11 22:23:53 +09:00]] 版) <http://townwork.net/h/r/Fh20010s_lac_01_jmc_01302_axc_03>

([[名無しさん]])

[[#comment]]


** メモ

[12]
[CITE[Matthew Thomas &#187; Blog Archive &#187; When semantic markup goes bad]] <http://mpt.net.nz/archive/2004/05/02/b-and-i>
([[名無しさん]] [sage])

[13]
[CITE[Re: contenteditable, <em> and <strong>]] ([[Henri Sivonen <hsivonen@...>]] 著, [CODE[2007-01-09 17:19:43 +09:00]] 版) <http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.org.w3c.whatwg.discuss/8338>

> <em>, <strong>, <i> and <b> have all been in HTML for over a decade.  
I think that’s long enough to see what happens in the wild. I think  
it is time to give up and admit that there are two pairs of visually- 
oriented synonyms instead of putting more time, effort, money, blog  
posts, spec examples and discussion threads into educating people  
about subtle differences in the hope that important benefits will be  
realized once people use these elements the “right” way.

([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2007-01-12 15:36:16 +00:00]])

[14]
[CITE[SEO Blog - Search Engine Optimization Blog &#187; SEO Tip for HTML5]] ([CODE[2007-04-16 08:44:17 +09:00]] 版) <http://seo.has.no.com/2007/04/seo-tip-for-html5/>
([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2007-04-15 23:48:12 +00:00]])

[[#comment]]


* メモ