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[3] '''質問''': > BOMって本来必須なものだと思っていたのですけど、そうでもないんですね [INS[( No.148-13)]] [2] はい。 >>1 にあるように、原則として必要ありません。ただし、 [ABBR[[[UCS]]]] を使用する場面などによって、その場面で使用する規格などが [ABBR[BOM]] を使わなければならないと規定していること'''も'''あります。その場合はもちろん必須になります。 [[#comment]] ** UTF-8 と UTF-8n [4] '''質問''': [[UTF-8]] の名前に [CODE[UTF-8]] と [CODE[UTF-8n]] があるようなのですが、どう違うのですか。 [5] まずはっきりさせておかないといけないこととして、 [CODE[UTF-8n]] という名前はあまり知られていません。ですから、 [CODE[UTF-8]] と [CODE[UTF-8n]] にはっきり使い分けがあるのかというと、そうでもありません。 [6] [CODE[UTF-8n]] という名前を提案しているのは、 [[UnicodeConsortium]] のそれなりに偉い人 (誰かは忘れた。) のようです。しかも、その人の文章 (どこにあったか忘れた。 [[dW]] かなあ。) では、使い分けが当然であるかのように書いてあります。しかし、 Unicode や [ABBR[ISO]]/[ABBR[IEC]] 10646 の規格票を見ても、そんなことは全然書いてありません。つまり、両者を使い分ける提案はありますが、標準化団体や世間で受け入れられているものではありません。また、受け入れられるけはいもありません。 [7] さて、回答ですが、使い分けを提案している人は、 [CODE[UTF-8n]] を [ABBR[BOM]] なしの UTF-8 に、 [CODE[UTF-8]] を [ABBR[BOM]] ありの UTF-8 に使おうと言っています。 [9] しかし実際には [CODE[UTF-8]] という名前は [ABBR[BOM]] なしに対して呼ばれることが多いです。 (最近は [ABBR[BOM]] ありに対して言うことも多くなってきたようです。 [WEAK[(とはいえ、統計は無いので感覚的に、です。)]]) [8] >>9 のような状況でどうして >>7 のような定義を提案しているのかですが、おそらく [ABBR[BOM]] ありを普及させたい意図があるのでしょう。 [10] なお、 [ABBR[[[IETF]]]] [[charset]] 名 ([ABBR[[[MIME]]]] ([[電子メイル]]) や [ABBR[[[HTTP]]]] で使われる。) では [CODE(charset)[UTF-8]] だけを定義していて、その内容は [ABBR[BOM]] はあっても無くてもいい、というものです。 - [14] [WEAK[2004-02-17 05:00:41 +00:00]] ''[[naruse]]'': 結構UTF-8Nって使う人は多いように思いますよ。UNIX系で最初の一行で処理を決めるとき(#!なんちゃら)、BOMがあるとエラーになってしまうため、UTF-8Nでないといけないのです。 [15] >>14 Windows のメモ帳の影響がどれくらいのものかはわかりませんが、基本的には今も昔も [ABBR[BOM]] なしの UTF-8 がずっと多いと思います。ここで問題にされているのは、そのような話ではなくて、 BOM なし/ありの UTF-8 をそれぞれどのような名前で呼ぶかですよね。 - BOM があってもなくても、どちらも (またはどちらかわからない状態を) [CODE[UTF-8]] と呼ぶ人がいる。 - BOM があったら [CODE[UTF-8]] と呼び、 BOM がなければ [CODE[UTF-8N]] と呼ぶ人がいる。 - BOM の問題を知らない人がいる。 - この問題とは関係ないけど、 UTF-8 のことを Unicode と呼ぶ人もいる。「UTF-8N」といえば BOM なしであることに疑問の余地はありませんが、「UTF-8」といった時に一般には BOM のあり・なしを断定できないのです。経験的には、「UTF-8」に対応しているソフトウェアの多くは BOM ありまたは BOM なしのいずれかしか扱えなくて、 BOM なしだけを扱える方がずっと多く、たまに、 BOM ありで最初に実装したソフトウェアに後から「UTF-8N」と称して BOM なしを追加することがあるくらいの様に思われます。なんとなく。 [[#comment]] * メモ - [11] [ABBR[BOM]] なんて消えてなくなれ! - [12] ついでに [[UTF-16]] もなくなれ! - [13] このさい [[Unicode]] もなくなってしまえ!! [16] [CITE[QA/Utf8BomInteropReport - ESW Wiki]] ([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2006-12-13 12:36:42 +00:00]]) [17] [CITE[I18N Tests: UTF-8 signature 1]] ([[名無しさん]])