#?SuikaWiki/0.9 page-icon="字β"
* Byte Order Mark
バイト順印。
[1] [[ISO/IEC10646]] には「byte order mark」という言葉は出てきません
([[UnicodeStandard]] には出てきます)。 10646 は [ABBR[BOM] [Byte order mark]]
のことを、「[ABBR[[[UCS]]]] を識別する『signature』」と呼んでいます。
ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000 附属書 H (参考) The use of “signatures” to identify UCS
に説明があります。
> This annex describes a convention for the
identification of features of the UCS, by the use of
"signatures" within data streams of coded
characters. The convention makes use of the
character ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE, and is
applied by a certain class of applications.
なんだそーです。使いたけりゃ使えば? 的で結構さめてます。
引用部の後の方の記述によると、
,UCS-2 signature ,FEFF
,UCS-4 signature ,0000 FEFF
,UTF-8 signature ,EF BB BF
,UTF-16 signature ,FEFF
ってことですが、別に [ABBR[UCS]]-2/4, [ABBR[UTF]]-8/16 を区別できるのが
嬉しいのじゃなくて、その名の通りバイト順を区別できるのが嬉しいんです。
- UCS-2/UTF-16BE: FEFF
- UCS-2/UTF-16LE: FFFE
- UCS-4/UTF-32BE: 0000 FEFF
- UCS-4/UTF-32LE: FFFE 0000
このように、[[エンディアン]]が識別できるんです。素晴らしいでしょ? :-)
だから [[UTF-8]] ではこんなの要らんのですが、一貫性かなんかのために、
つけようというのが当世風。対応してない応用からすると頭にゴミです。
おまけに、 [ABBR[UTF]]-8 の最大の特徴であった [ABBR[[[ASCII]]]] との互換性を
ぶっ飛ばしてしまいます。
[CODE(char)[ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE]]
([CODE(char)[[ABBR[ZWNBSP]]]]) が [CODE(char)[U+FEFF]] に置いてあって、
[CODE(char)[U+FFFE]] が「not a character」になってるのは偶然じゃありません。
[CODE(char)[[ABBR[BOM]]]] に使うためにわざわざこう配置したんです。
で、あとから [CODE(char)[[ABBR[BOM]]]]
ありなし問題云々で [CODE(char)[U+FEFF]] を [CODE(char)[[ABBR[ZWNBSP]]]]
本来(?)の役目に使うことが出来ない状況になってしまった [WEAK[(ほんとか?)]]
もんですから、
[CODE(char)[ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER]] [WEAK[(だっけ?)]]
とかを別に追加することになったとか。 (そして追加されたとか。)
しょーもない話ですなあ。
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[[#comment]]
** BOM は必須ですか?
[3] '''質問''':
> BOMって本来必須なものだと思っていたのですけど、そうでもないんですね [INS[( No.148-13)]]
[2] はい。 >>1 にあるように、原則として必要ありません。
ただし、 [ABBR[[[UCS]]]]
を使用する場面などによって、その場面で使用する規格などが
[ABBR[BOM]] を使わなければならないと規定していること'''も'''あります。
その場合はもちろん必須になります。
[[#comment]]
** UTF-8 と UTF-8n
[4] '''質問''': [[UTF-8]] の名前に [CODE[UTF-8]] と [CODE[UTF-8n]]
があるようなのですが、どう違うのですか。
[5] まずはっきりさせておかないといけないこととして、 [CODE[UTF-8n]]
という名前はあまり知られていません。ですから、 [CODE[UTF-8]]
と [CODE[UTF-8n]]
にはっきり使い分けがあるのかというと、そうでもありません。
[6] [CODE[UTF-8n]] という名前を提案しているのは、 [[UnicodeConsortium]]
のそれなりに偉い人 (誰かは忘れた。) のようです。
しかも、その人の文章 (どこにあったか忘れた。 [[dW]] かなあ。)
では、使い分けが当然であるかのように書いてあります。
しかし、 Unicode や [ABBR[ISO]]/[ABBR[IEC]] 10646
の規格票を見ても、そんなことは全然書いてありません。
つまり、両者を使い分ける提案はありますが、標準化団体や世間で受け入れられているものではありません。
また、受け入れられるけはいもありません。
[7] さて、回答ですが、使い分けを提案している人は、
[CODE[UTF-8n]] を [ABBR[BOM]] なしの UTF-8 に、
[CODE[UTF-8]] を [ABBR[BOM]]
ありの UTF-8 に使おうと言っています。
[9] しかし実際には [CODE[UTF-8]] という名前は [ABBR[BOM]]
なしに対して呼ばれることが多いです。 (最近は [ABBR[BOM]]
ありに対して言うことも多くなってきたようです。
[WEAK[(とはいえ、統計は無いので感覚的に、です。)]])
[8] >>9 のような状況でどうして >>7
のような定義を提案しているのかですが、おそらく [ABBR[BOM]]
ありを普及させたい意図があるのでしょう。
[10] なお、 [ABBR[[[IETF]]]] [[charset]] 名 ([ABBR[[[MIME]]]] ([[電子メイル]])
や [ABBR[[[HTTP]]]] で使われる。) では [CODE(charset)[UTF-8]]
だけを定義していて、その内容は [ABBR[BOM]]
はあっても無くてもいい、というものです。
- [14] [WEAK[2004-02-17 05:00:41 +00:00]] ''[[naruse]]'': 結構UTF-8Nって使う人は多いように思いますよ。UNIX系で最初の一行で処理を決めるとき(#!なんちゃら)、BOMがあるとエラーになってしまうため、UTF-8Nでないといけないのです。
[15] >>14 Windows のメモ帳の影響がどれくらいのものかはわかりませんが、
基本的には今も昔も [ABBR[BOM]] なしの UTF-8 がずっと多いと思います。
ここで問題にされているのは、そのような話ではなくて、
BOM なし/ありの UTF-8 をそれぞれどのような名前で呼ぶかですよね。
- BOM があってもなくても、どちらも (またはどちらかわからない状態を)
[CODE[UTF-8]] と呼ぶ人がいる。
- BOM があったら [CODE[UTF-8]] と呼び、 BOM がなければ [CODE[UTF-8N]]
と呼ぶ人がいる。
- BOM の問題を知らない人がいる。
- この問題とは関係ないけど、 UTF-8 のことを Unicode と呼ぶ人もいる。
「UTF-8N」といえば BOM なしであることに疑問の余地はありませんが、
「UTF-8」といった時に一般には
BOM のあり・なしを断定できないのです。
経験的には、「UTF-8」に対応しているソフトウェアの多くは BOM ありまたは
BOM なしのいずれかしか扱えなくて、 BOM なしだけを扱える方がずっと多く、
たまに、 BOM ありで最初に実装したソフトウェアに後から「UTF-8N」
と称して BOM なしを追加することがあるくらいの様に思われます。なんとなく。
[[#comment]]
* メモ
- [11] [ABBR[BOM]] なんて消えてなくなれ!
- [12] ついでに [[UTF-16]] もなくなれ!
- [13] このさい [[Unicode]] もなくなってしまえ!!
[16]
[CITE[QA/Utf8BomInteropReport - ESW Wiki]]
([[名無しさん]] [WEAK[2006-12-13 12:36:42 +00:00]])
[17]
[CITE[I18N Tests: UTF-8 signature 1]]
([[名無しさん]])