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revision 1.13 by wakaba, Mon Nov 5 09:33:52 2007 UTC revision 1.16 by wakaba, Sun Nov 18 11:05:12 2007 UTC
# Line 11  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 11  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
11  <body>  <body>
12  <h1>Description of Errors</h1>  <h1>Description of Errors</h1>
13    
14    <section id="html5-character-encoding">
15    <h2>HTML5 Character Encoding Errors</h2>
16    
17    <d:item name="character encoding" class="format-charset must" level="m">
18      <d:message xml:lang="en">Character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
19      is not allowed for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</d:message>
20      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
21        <p>The character encoding used for the document is not allowed
22        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
23      </d:desc>
24    </d:item>
25    
26    <d:item name="character encoding" class="format-charset should"
27        level="s">
28      <d:message xml:lang="en">Character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
29      should not be used for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</d:message>
30      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
31        <p>The character encoding used for the document is not recommended
32        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.  The document is non‐conforming
33        unless there is any good reason to use that encoding.</p>
34      </d:desc>
35    </d:item>
36    
37    <d:item name="character encoding" class="format-charset warning"
38        level="w">
39      <d:message xml:lang="en">Use of UTF-8 is encouraged.</d:message>
40      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
41        <p>Use of UTF-8 as the character encoding of the document is encouraged,
42        though the use of another character encoding is conforming.</p>
43      </d:desc>
44    </d:item>
45    
46    <d:item name="no character encoding declaration" class="format-charset error"
47        level="m">
48      <d:message xml:lang="en">There is no character encoding
49      declaration.</d:message>
50      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
51        <p>The document does not contain a character encoding
52        declaration.  Unless the character encoding is explicitly
53        specified in upper‐level protocol, e.g. in <abbr>HTTP</abbr>,
54        or is implied by <abbr>BOM</abbr>, there must be a character
55        encoding declaration.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
56    
57        <p>The long character encoding declaration syntax
58        <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>"></code>
59        is obsolete.  The new syntax is:</p>
60        <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code></pre>
61    
62        <p>Note that the <code>encoding</code> declaration in <abbr>XML</abbr>
63        declaration has no effect for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</p>
64      </d:desc>
65    </d:item>
66    
67    <d:item name="non ascii superset" class="format-charset error"
68        level="m">
69      <d:message xml:lang="en">No character encoding metadata is found
70      in upper‐level protocol nor is there <abbr>BOM</abbr>, while
71      character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
72      is not a superset of <abbr>ASCII</abbr>.</d:message>
73      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
74        <p>The document is not labeled with character encoding name
75        in upper‐level protocol, e.g. in <abbr>HTTP</abbr>, and
76        the document is not begin with <abbr>BOM</abbr>.  In addition,
77        the character encoding of the document is not a superset of
78        <abbr>ASCII</abbr>.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
79    
80        <p>Unless there is a <abbr>BOM</abbr>, the character encoding
81        for the document must be specified in e.g. <abbr>HTTP</abbr>‐level,
82        as:</p>
83        <pre class="http example"><code>Content-Type: text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var></code></pre>
84    
85        <p>Existence of <abbr>HTML</abbr> character encoding declaration, i.e.
86        <code class="html example">&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code>,
87        does not allow to omit <code>charset</code> parameter
88        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document encoded in non‐<abbr>ASCII</abbr>
89        compatible encoding.</p>
90    
91        <p>Character encodings <code>Shift_JIS</code>, <code>Windows-31J</code>,
92        and <code>ISO-2022-JP</code> are <em>not</em> a superset of
93        <abbr>ASCII</abbr> for the purpose of <abbr>HTML</abbr> conformance.</p>
94      </d:desc>
95    </d:item>
96    
97    <d:item name="charset label detected" class="format-charset warning"
98        level="w">
99      <d:message xml:lang="en">While parsing the document as
100      <code><var>$0</var></code>, a character encoding declaration specifying
101      character encoding as <code><var>$1</var></code> is found.  The document
102      is reparsed.</d:message>
103      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
104        <p>While parsing a document in a character encoding,
105        a character encoding declaration which declares the character
106        encoding of the document as another character encoding is found.
107        The occurence of this warning itself does not make the document
108        non‐conforming.  However, the failure of the first attempt to
109        to detect the character encoding might be the result of non‐conformance
110        of the document.</p>
111    
112        <p>The document will be reparsed from the beginning.  Some error
113        or warning might be reported again.</p>
114    
115        <p>These are suggestions to avoid this warning:</p>
116        <ul>
117        <li>Specify <code>charset</code> parameter in the <code>Content-Type</code>
118        field in the <abbr>HTTP</abbr> header, as:
119        <pre class="HTTP example"><code>Content-Type: text/html; charset="<var>charset-name</var>"</code></pre></li>
120        <li>Put the character encoding declaration
121        (<code class="html example">&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code>)
122        just after <code class="html example">&lt;head></code> start tag.</li>
123        <li>Use <code>UTF-8</code>.</li>
124        </ul>
125      </d:desc>
126    </d:item>
127    </section>
128    
129  <section id="html5-tokenize-error">  <section id="html5-tokenize-error">
130  <h2>HTML5 Parse Errors in Tokenization Stage</h2>  <h2>HTML5 Parse Errors in Tokenization Stage</h2>
131    
# Line 48  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 163  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
163    <d:message xml:lang="en">The <code>&amp;</code> character must    <d:message xml:lang="en">The <code>&amp;</code> character must
164    introduce a reference.</d:message>    introduce a reference.</d:message>
165    <d:desc xml:lang="en">    <d:desc xml:lang="en">
166      <p>An <code>&amp;</code> (<code>U+0026</code>      <p>An <code>&amp;</code> character which
     <code class="charname">AMPERSAND</code>) character which  
167      is not part of any reference appears in the input stream.      is not part of any reference appears in the input stream.
168      The document is non-conforming.</p>      The document is non‐conforming.</p>
169    
170      <p><strong>Any <code>&amp;</code> character in URI (or IRI)      <p><em>Any <code>&amp;</code> character in URI (or IRI)
171      must be escaped as <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</strong></p>      must be escaped as <code class="example">&amp;amp;</code>.</em></p>
172    
173      <p>The <code>&amp;</code> character must      <p>The <code>&amp;</code> character must
174      be the first character of a reference:      be the first character of a reference:
175        <dl>        <dl class="switch">
176        <dt>Named entity reference</dt>        <dt>Named entity reference</dt>
177            <dd><pre class="html example"><code>&amp;<var>entity-name</var>;</code></pre>            <dd><pre class="html example"><code>&amp;<var>entity-name</var>;</code></pre>
178            where <var>entity-name</var> is the name of the            where <var>entity-name</var> is the name of the
# Line 134  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 248  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
248    
249      <p>The string <code>&amp;#</code> must be the first two characters      <p>The string <code>&amp;#</code> must be the first two characters
250      of a reference:      of a reference:
251        <dl>        <dl class="switch">
252        <dt>Numeric character reference</dt>        <dt>Numeric character reference</dt>
253            <dd><pre class="html example"><code>&amp;#<var>d</var>;</code></pre>            <dd><pre class="html example"><code>&amp;#<var>d</var>;</code></pre>
254            where <var>d</var> is the decimal representation of            where <var>d</var> is the decimal representation of
# Line 189  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 303  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
303    
304      <dl class="switch">      <dl class="switch">
305      <dt>Comments</dt>      <dt>Comments</dt>
306        <dd>In HTML documents, comments must be introduced by        <dd>In HTML document, comments must be introduced by
307        <code>&lt;!--</code> (<code>&lt;!</code> <em>immediately</em> followed        <code class="example">&lt;!--</code> (<code>&lt;!</code>
308          <em>immediately</em> followed
309        by <em>two</em> <code>-</code>s) and must be terminated by        by <em>two</em> <code>-</code>s) and must be terminated by
310        <code>--></code>.  Strings <code>&lt;!</code> not followed        <code class="example">--></code>.
311          Strings <code>&lt;!</code> not followed
312        by <code>--</code> and <code>&lt;!-</code> not followed by        by <code>--</code> and <code>&lt;!-</code> not followed by
313        <code>-</code> are not valid open delimiters for comments.</dd>        <code>-</code> are not valid open delimiters for comments.</dd>
314      <dt>Marked sections, including <code>CDATA</code> sections</dt>      <dt>Marked sections, including <code>CDATA</code> sections</dt>
315        <dd>Marked sections are not allowed in HTML documents.</dd>        <dd>Marked sections are not allowed in HTML document.</dd>
316      <dt>Markup declarations</dt>      <dt>Markup declarations</dt>
317        <dd>Markup declarations, except <code>DOCTYPE</code>        <dd>Markup declarations, except for <code>DOCTYPE</code>
318        and comment declarations, are not allowed in HTML documents.</dd>        and comment declarations, are not allowed in HTML document.</dd>
319      <dt>String <code>&lt;!</code></dt>      <dt>String <code>&lt;!</code></dt>
320        <dd>String <code>&lt;!</code> must be escaped as        <dd>String <code>&lt;!</code> must be escaped as
321        <code>&amp;lt;!</code>.</dd>        <code class="example">&amp;lt;!</code>.</dd>
322      </dl>      </dl>
323    </d:desc>    </d:desc>
324  </d:item>  </d:item>
# Line 277  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 393  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
393      <dt><code>&lt;script/></code></dt>      <dt><code>&lt;script/></code></dt>
394          <dd><p>The polytheistic slash cannot be used for <code>script</code>          <dd><p>The polytheistic slash cannot be used for <code>script</code>
395          element.  Even for an empty <code>script</code> element,          element.  Even for an empty <code>script</code> element,
396          there must be an explicit end tag <code>&lt;/script></code>.</p>          there must be an explicit end tag
397            <code class="html example">&lt;/script></code>.</p>
398    
399          <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Though some user agents interpret          <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Though some user agents interpret
400          polytheistic slash for <code>script</code> element as the          polytheistic slash for <code>script</code> element as the
# Line 294  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 411  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
411          to allow polytheistic slash for these elements.</dd>          to allow polytheistic slash for these elements.</dd>
412      <dt><code>&lt;a/></code>, <code>&lt;p/></code></dt>      <dt><code>&lt;a/></code>, <code>&lt;p/></code></dt>
413          <dd>These elements are not always empty and therefore          <dd>These elements are not always empty and therefore
414          polytheistic slash is not allowed.</dd>          polytheistic slash is not allowed.  Use explicit end tag
415            to represent empty element as:
416              <pre class="example html"><code>&lt;p>&lt;/p></code></pre>
417            </dd>
418      </dl>      </dl>
419    
420      <p>Note that, unlike in XML, the polytheistic slash has      <p>Note that, unlike in XML, the polytheistic slash has
# Line 319  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 439  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
439        <dd>An <abbr>XBL</abbr> binding cannot be associated by        <dd>An <abbr>XBL</abbr> binding cannot be associated by
440        <abbr title="processing instruction">PI</abbr> in <abbr>HTML</abbr>        <abbr title="processing instruction">PI</abbr> in <abbr>HTML</abbr>
441        document.  Use <code>binding</code> property in <abbr>CSS</abbr>        document.  Use <code>binding</code> property in <abbr>CSS</abbr>
442        style sheet.</dd>        style sheet as:
443            <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;style>
444    p {
445      binding: url(binding.xbl);
446    }
447    &lt;/style></code></pre>
448          </dd>
449      <dt><code>&lt;?xml?&gt;</code> (XML declaration)</dt>      <dt><code>&lt;?xml?&gt;</code> (XML declaration)</dt>
450          <dd>XML declaration is unnecessary for HTML documents.</dd>          <dd>XML declaration is unnecessary for HTML documents.</dd>
451      <dt><code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet?></code> (XML style sheet      <dt><code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet?></code> (XML style sheet
# Line 327  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 453  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
453          <dd>Use HTML <code>link</code> element with <code>rel</code>          <dd>Use HTML <code>link</code> element with <code>rel</code>
454          attribute set to <code>stylesheet</code> (or,          attribute set to <code>stylesheet</code> (or,
455          <code>alternate stylesheet</code> for an alternate style          <code>alternate stylesheet</code> for an alternate style
456          sheet).</dd>          sheet).
457              <pre class="example html"><code>&lt;link rel=stylesheet href="path/to/stylesheet.css"></code></pre>
458            </dd>
459      <dt><code>&lt;?php?&gt;</code> or      <dt><code>&lt;?php?&gt;</code> or
460      <code>&lt;? <var>... <abbr>PHP</abbr> code ...</var> ?&gt;</code>      <code>&lt;? <var>... <abbr>PHP</abbr> code ...</var> ?&gt;</code>
461      (<abbr>PHP</abbr> code)</dt>      (<abbr>PHP</abbr> code)</dt>
# Line 506  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 634  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
634        <dd>Though the element is void in earlier versions of Safari,        <dd>Though the element is void in earlier versions of Safari,
635        the <code>canvas</code> element is <em>no</em> longer        the <code>canvas</code> element is <em>no</em> longer
636        defined as empty.  There must be an end tag        defined as empty.  There must be an end tag
637        <code>&lt;/canvas></code>.</dd>        <code class="html example">&lt;/canvas></code>.</dd>
638      </dl>      </dl>
639    
640      <p>Note that misnesting tags, such as      <p>Note that misnesting tags, such as
# Line 540  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 668  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
668    <d:desc xml:lang="en">    <d:desc xml:lang="en">
669      <p>The document contains a <code>DOCTYPE</code> declaration      <p>The document contains a <code>DOCTYPE</code> declaration
670      that is different from HTML5 <code>DOCTYPE</code> (i.e.      that is different from HTML5 <code>DOCTYPE</code> (i.e.
671      <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;</code>).  The document is non-conforming.</p>      <code class="example html">&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;</code>).
672        The document is non‐conforming.</p>
673    
674      <p>The document might or might not be conformant to      <p>The document might or might not be conformant to
675      some version of HTML.  However, conformance to any HTML      some version of HTML.  However, conformance to any HTML
# Line 672  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 801  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
801                    block-level content, any inline-level content must be                    block-level content, any inline-level content must be
802                    put in e.g. paragraph element such as <code>p</code>.</p>                    put in e.g. paragraph element such as <code>p</code>.</p>
803                    <p>For example, an HTML document fragment                    <p>For example, an HTML document fragment
804                    <code class="bad example">&lt;div>&lt;p>Hello!&lt;/p> World!&lt;/div></code>                    <code class="html bad example">&lt;div>&lt;p>Hello!&lt;/p> World!&lt;/div></code>
805                    is non-conforming, since a word <q>World!</q> does not belong                    is non-conforming, since a word <q>World!</q> does not belong
806                    to any paragraph.  (If not part of any paragraph, what is                    to any paragraph.  (If not part of any paragraph, what is
807                    it!?)  A conforming example would be:                    it!?)  A conforming example would be:
808                      <pre class="example"><code>&lt;div>&lt;p>Hello!&lt;/p> &lt;p>World!&lt;/p>&lt;/div></code></pre>                      <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;div>&lt;p>Hello!&lt;/p> &lt;p>World!&lt;/p>&lt;/div></code></pre>
809                    </p></dd>                    </p></dd>
810                <dt>If the parent element does <em>not</em> allow                <dt>If the parent element does <em>not</em> allow
811                block-level elements as content</dt>                block-level elements as content</dt>
# Line 720  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 849  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
849    
850      <dl class="switch">      <dl class="switch">
851      <dt><code>html</code> element in an XHTML document</dt>      <dt><code>html</code> element in an XHTML document</dt>
852          <dd><p>In an XHTML document, the root <code>html</code>          <dd><p>In <abbr>XHTML</abbr> document, the root <code>html</code>
853          element must have an <code>xmlns</code> attribute          element must have an <code>xmlns</code> attribute as:
854          whose value is set to            <pre class="xml example"><code>&lt;html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"></code></pre></p></dd>
         <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>.</p></dd>  
855      <dt><code>rss</code> element</dt>      <dt><code>rss</code> element</dt>
856          <dd><p>The document is written in some version of RSS.</p>          <dd><p>The document is written in some version of RSS.</p>
857          <p>The conformance checker does not support any version          <p>The conformance checker does not support any version
858          of RSS.  Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>          of RSS.  Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>
859      <dt><code>feed</code> element</dt>      <dt><code>feed</code> element</dt>
860          <dd><p>The Atom <code>feed</code> element must be          <dd><p>The Atom <code>feed</code> element must be
861          in the <code>http://www.w3.org/2004/Atom</code>          in the <code>http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom</code>
862          namespace.</p>          namespace as:
863              <pre class="xml example"><code>&lt;feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"></code></pre>
864            </p>
865          <p>The conformance checker does not support Atom 0.3.          <p>The conformance checker does not support Atom 0.3.
866          Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>          Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>
867      </dl>      </dl>
# Line 886  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1016  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1016    
1017      <dl>      <dl>
1018      <dt>HTML <code>meta</code> element, <code>http-equiv</code> attribute</dt>      <dt>HTML <code>meta</code> element, <code>http-equiv</code> attribute</dt>
1019          <dd><p>Only <code>Default-Style</code> and <code>Refresh</code>          <dd><p>Only values <code>Default-Style</code> and <code>Refresh</code>
1020          is allowed.</p>          are allowed.</p>
1021          <p>Value <code>Content-Type</code> is obsolete; for charset          <p>Value <code>Content-Type</code> is obsolete; for charset
1022          declaration, the <code>charset</code> attribute can be used as:          declaration, the <code>charset</code> attribute can be used as:
1023          <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code></pre>          <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code></pre>
# Line 905  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1035  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1035    </d:desc>    </d:desc>
1036  </d:item>  </d:item>
1037    
1038    <d:item name="enumerated:invalid:http-equiv:content-type"
1039        class="attribute-value-error">
1040      <d:message xml:lang="en">Character encoding declaration syntax
1041      <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>"></code>
1042      is obsolete.</d:message>
1043      <d:desc xml:lang="en">
1044        <p>Old long character encoding declaration syntax
1045        <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>"></code>
1046        is in use.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
1047    
1048        <p>The new character encoding declaration syntax is:
1049          <pre class="html example"><code>&lt;meta charset="<var>charset-name</var>"></code></pre>
1050        </p>
1051      </d:desc>
1052    </d:item>
1053    
1054  <d:item name="duplicate ID"  <d:item name="duplicate ID"
1055      class="attribute-value-error">      class="attribute-value-error">
1056    <d:message xml:lang="en">This identifier has already been    <d:message xml:lang="en">This identifier has already been
# Line 1027  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1173  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1173      The document is non-conforming.</p>      The document is non-conforming.</p>
1174    
1175      <p>For example, the table below is non-conforming:      <p>For example, the table below is non-conforming:
1176        <pre class="html non-conforming example"><code>&lt;table>        <pre class="html bad example"><code>&lt;table>
1177  &lt;tbody>  &lt;tbody>
1178  &lt;tr>&lt;td rowspan=2>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>  &lt;tr>&lt;td rowspan=2>&lt;/td>&lt;/tr>
1179  &lt;/tbody>  &lt;/tbody>
# Line 1194  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1340  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1340      <code>text/cache-manifest</code> must contain a cache manifest.</p>      <code>text/cache-manifest</code> must contain a cache manifest.</p>
1341    
1342      <p>A cache manifest must start with a line whose content is      <p>A cache manifest must start with a line whose content is
1343      <code>CACHE MANIFEST</code> (exactly one space character between      <code class="manifest example">CACHE MANIFEST</code>
1344        (exactly one space character between
1345      <code>CACHE</code> and <code>MANIFEST</code>).</p>      <code>CACHE</code> and <code>MANIFEST</code>).</p>
1346    </d:desc>    </d:desc>
1347  </d:item>  </d:item>
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