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wakaba |
1.1 |
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=head1 NAME
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Message::Field::Params Perl module
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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Perl module for parameters field body (such as C<Content-Type:>).
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=cut
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package Message::Field::Params;
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use strict;
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require 5.6.0;
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use re 'eval';
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use vars qw(%DEFAULT %REG $VERSION);
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$VERSION=do{my @r=(q$Revision: 1.1 $=~/\d+/g);sprintf "%d."."%02d" x $#r,@r};
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use Carp;
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use overload '@{}' => sub {shift->_delete_empty()->{param}},
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'""' => sub {shift->stringify};
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$REG{WSP} = qr/[\x09\x20]/;
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$REG{FWS} = qr/[\x09\x20]*/;
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$REG{comment} = qr/\x28(?:\x5C[\x00-\xFF]|[\x00-\x0C\x0E-\x27\x2A-\x5B\x5D-\xFF]+|(??{$REG{comment}}))*\x29/;
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$REG{quoted_string} = qr/\x22(?:\x5C[\x00-\xFF]|[\x00-\x0C\x0E-\x21\x23-\x5B\x5D-\xFF])*\x22/;
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$REG{domain_literal} = qr/\x5B(?:\x5C[\x00-\xFF]|[\x00-\x0C\x0E-\x5A\x5E-\xFF])*\x5D/;
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$REG{atext} = qr/[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2F-\x39\x3D\x3F\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]+/;
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$REG{atext_dot} = qr/[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D-\x39\x3D\x3F\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]+/;
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$REG{token} = qr/[\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]+/;
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$REG{attribute_char} = qr/[\x21\x23-\x24\x26\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]+/;
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$REG{param} = qr/(?:$REG{atext_dot}|$REG{quoted_string})(?:$REG{atext_dot}|$REG{quoted_string}|$REG{WSP}|,)*/;
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## more naive C<parameter>. (Comma is allowed for RFC 1049)
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$REG{parameter} = qr/$REG{token}=(?:$REG{token}|$REG{quoted_string})?/;
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## as defined by RFC 2045, not RFC 2231.
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$REG{M_quoted_string} = qr/\x22((?:\x5C[\x00-\xFF]|[\x00-\x0C\x0E-\x21\x23-\x5B\x5D-\xFF])*)\x22/;
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$REG{M_parameter} = qr/($REG{token})=($REG{token}|$REG{quoted_string})?/;
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## as defined by RFC 2045, not RFC 2231.
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$REG{M_parameter_name} = qr/($REG{attribute_char}+)(?:\*([0-9]+)(\*)?|(\*))/;
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## as defined by RFC 2231.
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$REG{M_parameter_extended_value} = qr/([^']*)'([^']*)'($REG{token}*)/;
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## as defined by RFC 2231, but more naive.
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$REG{NON_atext} = qr/[^\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2F\x30-\x39\x3D\x3F\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]/;
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$REG{NON_atext_dot} = qr/[^\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D-\x39\x3D\x3F\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]/;
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$REG{NON_token} = qr/[^\x21\x23-\x27\x2A\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]/;
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$REG{NON_attribute_char} = qr/[^\x21\x23-\x24\x26\x2B\x2D\x2E\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5E-\x7E]/;
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%DEFAULT = (
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parameter_value_max => 78,
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use_parameter_extension => -1,
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);
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=head2 Message::Field::Params->new ([%option])
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Returns new Message::Field::Params. Some options can be given as hash.
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=cut
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sub new ($;%) {
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my $class = shift;
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my $self = bless {option => {@_}}, $class;
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$self->_initialize_new ();
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for (keys %DEFAULT) {$self->{option}->{$_} ||= $DEFAULT{$_}}
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$self;
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}
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## Initialization for new () method.
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sub _initialize_new ($;%) {
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my $self = shift;
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#for (keys %DEFAULT) {$self->{option}->{$_} ||= $DEFAULT{$_}}
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}
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=head2 Message::Field::Params->parse ($nantara, [%option])
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Parse Message::Field::Params and new ContentType instance.
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Some options can be given as hash.
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=cut
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sub parse ($$;%) {
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my $class = shift;
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my $body = shift;
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my $self = bless {option => {@_}}, $class;
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$self->_initialize_parse ();
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for (keys %DEFAULT) {$self->{option}->{$_} ||= $DEFAULT{$_}}
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$body = $self->_delete_fws ($self->_delete_comment ($body));
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my @b = ();
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$body =~ s{$REG{FWS}($REG{param})$REG{FWS}(?:;$REG{FWS}|$)}{
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my $param = $1;
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push @b, $self->_parse_param ($param);
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}goex;
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@b = $self->_restore_param (@b);
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$self->_save_param (@b);
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$self;
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}
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## Initialization for parse () method.
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sub _initialize_parse ($;%) {
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my $self = shift;
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#for (keys %DEFAULT) {$self->{option}->{$_} ||= $DEFAULT{$_}}
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}
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sub _parse_param ($$) {
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my $self = shift;
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my $param = shift;
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if ($param =~ /^$REG{M_parameter}$/) {
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my ($name, $value) = (lc $1, $2);
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my ($seq, $isencoded, $charset, $lang) = (-1, 0, '', '');
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if ($name =~ /^$REG{M_parameter_name}$/) {
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($name, $seq, $isencoded) = ($1, $4?-1:$2, ($3||$4)?1:0);
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}
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if ($isencoded && $value =~ /^$REG{M_parameter_extended_value}$/) {
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($charset, $lang, $value) = ($1, $2, $3);
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}
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return [$name, {value => $value, seq => $seq, is_encoded => $isencoded,
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charset => $charset, language => $lang, is_parameter => 1}];
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} else {
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return [$param, {is_parameter => 0}];
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}
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}
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sub _restore_param ($@) {
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my $self = shift;
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my @p = @_;
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my @ret;
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my %part;
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for my $i (@p) {
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if ($i->[1]->{is_parameter}) {
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my $p = $i->[1];
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if ($p->{seq}<0) {
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my $s = $p->{value};
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if ($p->{is_encoded}) {
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$s =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/chr(hex($1))/eg;
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} else {
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$s = $self->_unquote_if_quoted_string ($p->{value});
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}
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push @ret, [$i->[0], {value => $s, language => $p->{language},
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charset => $p->{charset}, is_parameter => 1}];
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} else {
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$part{$i->[0]}->[$p->{seq}] = {
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value => $self->_unquote_if_quoted_string ($p->{value}),
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language => $p->{language}, charset => $p->{charset},
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is_encoded => $p->{is_encoded}};
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}
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} else {push @ret, $i}
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}
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for my $name (keys %part) {
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my $t = join '', map {
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my $v = $_;
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my $s = $v->{value};
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$s =~ s/%([0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f])/chr(hex($1))/eg if $v->{is_encoded};
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$s;
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} @{$part{$name}};
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push @ret, [$name, {value => $t, charset => $part{$name}->[0]->{charset},
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language => $part{$name}->[0]->{language},
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is_parameter => 1}];
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}
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@ret;
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}
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sub _save_param ($@) {
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my $self = shift;
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my @p = @_;
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$self->{param} = \@p;
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$self;
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}
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=head2 $self->add ($name, [$value]. [%option]
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Adds parameter name=value pair.
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Example:
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$self->add (title => 'foo of bar'); ## title="foo of bar"
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$self->add (subject => 'hogehoge, foo'); ## subject*=''hogehoge%2C%20foo
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$self->add (foo => 'bar', language => 'en') ## foo*='en'bar
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$self->add ('text/plain', '', value => 1) ## text/plain
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This method returns array reference of (name, {value => value, attribute...}).
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Available options: charset (charset name), language (language tag),
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value (1/0, see example above).
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=cut
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sub add ($$;$%) {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($name, $value, %option) = (lc shift, shift, @_);
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my $p = [$name, {value => $value, charset => $option{charset},
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is_parameter => 1, language => $option{language}}];
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$p->[1]->{is_parameter} = 0 if !$value && $option{value}>0;
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croak "add: \$name contains of non-attribute-char: $name"
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if $p->[1]->{is_parameter} && $name =~ /$REG{NON_attribute_char}/;
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$p->[1]->{value} = $self->_param_value ($name => $p->[1]->{value});
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if ($option{prepend}) {
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unshift @{$self->{param}}, $p;
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} else {
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push @{$self->{param}}, $p;
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}
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$p;
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}
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sub replace ($$;$%) {
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my $self = shift;
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my ($name, $value, %option) = (lc shift, shift, @_);
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for my $param (@{$self->{param}}) {
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if ($param->[0] eq $name) {
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$param->[1] = {value => $value, charset => $option{charset},
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is_parameter => 1, language => $option{language}};
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$param->[1]->{is_parameter} = 0 if !$value && $option{value}>0;
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$param->[1]->{value} = $self->_param_value ($name => $param->[1]->{value});
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return $param;
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}
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}
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my $p = [$name, {value => $value, charset => $option{charset},
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is_parameter => 1, language => $option{language}}];
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$p->[1]->{is_parameter} = 0 if !$value && $option{value}>0;
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croak "replace: \$name contains of non-attribute-char: $name"
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if $p->[1]->{is_parameter} && $name =~ /$REG{NON_attribute_char}/;
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$p->[1]->{value} = $self->_param_value ($name => $p->[1]->{value});
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push @{$self->{param}}, $p;
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$p;
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}
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sub delete ($$;%) {
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my $self = shift;
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| 230 |
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my ($name, $index) = (lc shift, shift);
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my $i = 0;
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| 232 |
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for my $param (@{$self->{param}}) {
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| 233 |
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if ($param->[0] eq $name) {
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$i++;
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| 235 |
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if ($index == 0 || $i == $index) {
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undef $param;
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return $self if $i == $index;
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| 238 |
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}
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}
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| 240 |
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}
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| 241 |
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$self;
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| 242 |
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}
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| 243 |
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| 244 |
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sub count ($;$%) {
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| 245 |
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my $self = shift;
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| 246 |
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my ($name) = (lc shift);
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| 247 |
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unless ($name) {
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| 248 |
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$self->_delete_empty ();
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| 249 |
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return $#{$self->{param}}+1;
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| 250 |
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}
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| 251 |
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my $count = 0;
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| 252 |
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for my $param (@{$self->{param}}) {
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| 253 |
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if ($param->[0] eq $name) {
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| 254 |
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$count++;
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| 255 |
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}
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| 256 |
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}
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| 257 |
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$count;
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| 258 |
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}
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| 259 |
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| 260 |
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| 261 |
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sub parameter ($$;$) {
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| 262 |
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my $self = shift;
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| 263 |
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my $name = lc shift;
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| 264 |
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my $newvalue = shift;
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| 265 |
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return $self->replace ($name => $newvalue,@_)->[1]->{value} if defined $newvalue;
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| 266 |
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my @ret;
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| 267 |
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for my $param (@{$self->{param}}) {
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| 268 |
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if ($param->[0] eq $name) {
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| 269 |
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unless (wantarray) {
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| 270 |
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$self->{param}->[1]->{value}
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| 271 |
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= $self->_param_value ($name => $self->{param}->[1]->{value});
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| 272 |
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return $param->[1]->{value};
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| 273 |
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} else {
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| 274 |
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$self->{param}->[1]->{value}
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| 275 |
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= $self->_param_value ($name => $self->{param}->[1]->{value});
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| 276 |
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push @ret, $param->[1]->{value};
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| 277 |
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}
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| 278 |
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}
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| 279 |
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}
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| 280 |
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@ret;
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| 281 |
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}
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| 282 |
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| 283 |
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sub parameter_name ($$;$) {
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| 284 |
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my $self = shift;
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| 285 |
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my $i = shift;
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| 286 |
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my $newname = shift;
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| 287 |
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if ($newname) {
|
| 288 |
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return 0 if $newname =~ /$REG{NON_attribute_char}/;
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| 289 |
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$self->{param}->[$i]->[0] = $newname;
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| 290 |
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}
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| 291 |
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$self->{param}->[$i]->[0];
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| 292 |
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}
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| 293 |
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sub parameter_value ($$;$) {
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| 294 |
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my $self = shift;
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| 295 |
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my $i = shift;
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| 296 |
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my $newvalue = shift;
|
| 297 |
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if ($newvalue) {
|
| 298 |
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$newvalue = $self->_param_value ($self->{param}->[$i]->[0] => $newvalue);
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| 299 |
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$self->{param}->[$i]->[1]->{value} = $newvalue;
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| 300 |
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}
|
| 301 |
|
|
$self->{param}->[$i]->[1]->{value}
|
| 302 |
|
|
= $self->_param_value
|
| 303 |
|
|
($self->{param}->[$i]->[0] => $self->{param}->[$i]->[1]->{value});
|
| 304 |
|
|
$self->{param}->[$i]->[1]->{value};
|
| 305 |
|
|
}
|
| 306 |
|
|
|
| 307 |
|
|
## Hook called before returning C<value>.
|
| 308 |
|
|
## $self->_param_value ($name, $value);
|
| 309 |
|
|
sub _param_value ($$$) {$_[2]}
|
| 310 |
|
|
|
| 311 |
|
|
sub _delete_empty ($) {
|
| 312 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 313 |
|
|
my @ret;
|
| 314 |
|
|
for my $param (@{$self->{param}}) {
|
| 315 |
|
|
push @ret, $param if $param->[0];
|
| 316 |
|
|
}
|
| 317 |
|
|
$self->{param} = \@ret;
|
| 318 |
|
|
$self;
|
| 319 |
|
|
}
|
| 320 |
|
|
|
| 321 |
|
|
|
| 322 |
|
|
=head2 $self->stringify ([%option])
|
| 323 |
|
|
|
| 324 |
|
|
Returns Message::Field::Params as a string.
|
| 325 |
|
|
|
| 326 |
|
|
=head2 $self->as_string ([%option])
|
| 327 |
|
|
|
| 328 |
|
|
An alias of C<stringify>.
|
| 329 |
|
|
|
| 330 |
|
|
=cut
|
| 331 |
|
|
|
| 332 |
|
|
sub stringify ($;%) {
|
| 333 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 334 |
|
|
my %option = @_;
|
| 335 |
|
|
my $use_xparam = $option{use_parameter_extension}
|
| 336 |
|
|
|| $self->{option}->{use_parameter_extension};
|
| 337 |
|
|
$option{parameter_value_max}
|
| 338 |
|
|
||= $self->{option}->{parameter_value_max};
|
| 339 |
|
|
$self->_delete_empty ();
|
| 340 |
|
|
join '; ',
|
| 341 |
|
|
map {
|
| 342 |
|
|
my $v = $_->[1];
|
| 343 |
|
|
my $new = '';
|
| 344 |
|
|
if ($v->{is_parameter}) {
|
| 345 |
|
|
my ($encoded, @value) = (0, '');
|
| 346 |
|
|
if ($use_xparam>0 && ($v->{charset} || $v->{language})) {
|
| 347 |
|
|
my ($charset, $lang);
|
| 348 |
|
|
$encoded = 1;
|
| 349 |
|
|
($charset, $lang) = ($v->{charset}, $v->{language});
|
| 350 |
|
|
## Note: %-quoting for charset and for language is not allowed.
|
| 351 |
|
|
## But charset name can be included non-sttribute-char such as "'".
|
| 352 |
|
|
## How can we treat this?
|
| 353 |
|
|
$charset =~ s/($REG{NON_attribute_char})/sprintf('%%%02X', ord $1)/ge;
|
| 354 |
|
|
$lang =~ s/($REG{NON_attribute_char})/sprintf('%%%02X', ord $1)/ge;
|
| 355 |
|
|
if (length $v->{value} > $option{parameter_value_max}) {
|
| 356 |
|
|
for my $i (0..length ($v->{value})/$option{parameter_value_max}) {
|
| 357 |
|
|
$value[$i] = substr ($v->{value}, $i*$option{parameter_value_max},
|
| 358 |
|
|
$option{parameter_value_max});
|
| 359 |
|
|
}
|
| 360 |
|
|
} else {$value[0] = $v->{value}}
|
| 361 |
|
|
for my $i (0..$#value) {
|
| 362 |
|
|
$value[$i] =~ s/($REG{NON_attribute_char})/sprintf('%%%02X', ord $1)/ge;
|
| 363 |
|
|
}
|
| 364 |
|
|
$value[0] = "${charset}'${lang}'".$value[0];
|
| 365 |
|
|
} elsif (length $v->{value} == 0) {
|
| 366 |
|
|
$value[0] = '""';
|
| 367 |
|
|
} else {
|
| 368 |
|
|
if ($use_xparam>0 && length $v->{value} > $option{parameter_value_max}) {
|
| 369 |
|
|
for my $i (0..length ($v->{value})/$option{parameter_value_max}) {
|
| 370 |
|
|
$value[$i] = $self->_quote_unsafe_string
|
| 371 |
|
|
(substr ($v->{value}, $i*$option{parameter_value_max},
|
| 372 |
|
|
$option{parameter_value_max}), unsafe => 'NON_attribute_char');
|
| 373 |
|
|
}
|
| 374 |
|
|
} else {
|
| 375 |
|
|
$value[0] = $self->_quote_unsafe_string
|
| 376 |
|
|
($v->{value}, unsafe => 'NON_attribute_char');
|
| 377 |
|
|
}
|
| 378 |
|
|
}
|
| 379 |
|
|
## Note: quoted-string for parameter name is not allowed.
|
| 380 |
|
|
## But it is better than output bare non-atext.
|
| 381 |
|
|
if ($#value == 0) {
|
| 382 |
|
|
$new =
|
| 383 |
|
|
$self->_quote_unsafe_string ($_->[0], unsafe => 'NON_attribute_char')
|
| 384 |
|
|
.($encoded?'*':'').'='.$value[0];
|
| 385 |
|
|
} else {
|
| 386 |
|
|
my @new;
|
| 387 |
|
|
my $name = $self->_quote_unsafe_string
|
| 388 |
|
|
($_->[0], unsafe => 'NON_attribute_char');
|
| 389 |
|
|
for my $i (0..$#value) {
|
| 390 |
|
|
push @new, $name.'*'.$i.($encoded?'*':'').'='.$value[$i];
|
| 391 |
|
|
}
|
| 392 |
|
|
$new = join '; ', @new;
|
| 393 |
|
|
}
|
| 394 |
|
|
} else {
|
| 395 |
|
|
$new = $self->_quote_unsafe_string ($_->[0], unsafe => 'NON_token');
|
| 396 |
|
|
}
|
| 397 |
|
|
$new;
|
| 398 |
|
|
} @{$self->{param}}
|
| 399 |
|
|
;
|
| 400 |
|
|
}
|
| 401 |
|
|
sub as_string ($;%) {shift->stringify (@_)}
|
| 402 |
|
|
|
| 403 |
|
|
=head2 $self->option ($option_name)
|
| 404 |
|
|
|
| 405 |
|
|
Returns/set (new) value of the option.
|
| 406 |
|
|
|
| 407 |
|
|
=cut
|
| 408 |
|
|
|
| 409 |
|
|
sub option ($$;$) {
|
| 410 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 411 |
|
|
my ($name, $newval) = @_;
|
| 412 |
|
|
if ($newval) {
|
| 413 |
|
|
$self->{option}->{$name} = $newval;
|
| 414 |
|
|
}
|
| 415 |
|
|
$self->{option}->{$name};
|
| 416 |
|
|
}
|
| 417 |
|
|
|
| 418 |
|
|
sub _quote_unsafe_string ($$;%) {
|
| 419 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 420 |
|
|
my $string = shift;
|
| 421 |
|
|
my %option = @_;
|
| 422 |
|
|
$option{unsafe} ||= 'NON_atext_dot';
|
| 423 |
|
|
if ($string =~ /$REG{$option{unsafe}}/ || $string =~ /$REG{WSP}$REG{WSP}+/) {
|
| 424 |
|
|
$string =~ s/([\x22\x5C])/\x5C$1/g;
|
| 425 |
|
|
$string = '"'.$string.'"';
|
| 426 |
|
|
}
|
| 427 |
|
|
$string;
|
| 428 |
|
|
}
|
| 429 |
|
|
|
| 430 |
|
|
=head2 $self->_unquote_quoted_string ($string)
|
| 431 |
|
|
|
| 432 |
|
|
Unquote C<quoted-string>. Get rid of C<DQUOTE>s and
|
| 433 |
|
|
C<REVERSED SOLIDUS> included in C<quoted-pair>.
|
| 434 |
|
|
This method is intended for internal use.
|
| 435 |
|
|
|
| 436 |
|
|
=cut
|
| 437 |
|
|
|
| 438 |
|
|
sub _unquote_quoted_string ($$) {
|
| 439 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 440 |
|
|
my $quoted_string = shift;
|
| 441 |
|
|
$quoted_string =~ s{$REG{M_quoted_string}}{
|
| 442 |
|
|
my $qtext = $1;
|
| 443 |
|
|
$qtext =~ s/\x5C([\x00-\xFF])/$1/g;
|
| 444 |
|
|
$qtext;
|
| 445 |
|
|
}goex;
|
| 446 |
|
|
$quoted_string;
|
| 447 |
|
|
}
|
| 448 |
|
|
|
| 449 |
|
|
sub _unquote_if_quoted_string ($$) {
|
| 450 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 451 |
|
|
my $quoted_string = shift;
|
| 452 |
|
|
$quoted_string =~ s{^$REG{M_quoted_string}$}{
|
| 453 |
|
|
my $qtext = $1;
|
| 454 |
|
|
$qtext =~ s/\x5C([\x00-\xFF])/$1/g;
|
| 455 |
|
|
$qtext;
|
| 456 |
|
|
}goex;
|
| 457 |
|
|
$quoted_string;
|
| 458 |
|
|
}
|
| 459 |
|
|
|
| 460 |
|
|
=head2 $self->_delete_comment ($field_body)
|
| 461 |
|
|
|
| 462 |
|
|
Remove all C<comment> in given strictured C<field-body>.
|
| 463 |
|
|
This method is intended for internal use.
|
| 464 |
|
|
|
| 465 |
|
|
=cut
|
| 466 |
|
|
|
| 467 |
|
|
sub _delete_comment ($$) {
|
| 468 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 469 |
|
|
my $body = shift;
|
| 470 |
|
|
$body =~ s{($REG{quoted_string}|$REG{domain_literal})|$REG{comment}}{
|
| 471 |
|
|
my $o = $1; $o? $o : ' ';
|
| 472 |
|
|
}gex;
|
| 473 |
|
|
$body;
|
| 474 |
|
|
}
|
| 475 |
|
|
|
| 476 |
|
|
sub _delete_fws ($$) {
|
| 477 |
|
|
my $self = shift;
|
| 478 |
|
|
my $body = shift;
|
| 479 |
|
|
$body =~ s{($REG{quoted_string}|$REG{domain_literal})|$REG{WSP}+}{
|
| 480 |
|
|
my $o = $1; $o? $o : '';
|
| 481 |
|
|
}gex;
|
| 482 |
|
|
$body;
|
| 483 |
|
|
}
|
| 484 |
|
|
|
| 485 |
|
|
=head1 LICENSE
|
| 486 |
|
|
|
| 487 |
|
|
Copyright 2002 wakaba E<lt>w@suika.fam.cxE<gt>.
|
| 488 |
|
|
|
| 489 |
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
| 490 |
|
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
| 491 |
|
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
|
| 492 |
|
|
(at your option) any later version.
|
| 493 |
|
|
|
| 494 |
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
| 495 |
|
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
| 496 |
|
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
| 497 |
|
|
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
| 498 |
|
|
|
| 499 |
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
|
| 500 |
|
|
along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
|
| 501 |
|
|
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
|
| 502 |
|
|
Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
|
| 503 |
|
|
|
| 504 |
|
|
=head1 CHANGE
|
| 505 |
|
|
|
| 506 |
|
|
See F<ChangeLog>.
|
| 507 |
|
|
$Date: 2002/03/21 04:33:44 $
|
| 508 |
|
|
|
| 509 |
|
|
=cut
|
| 510 |
|
|
|
| 511 |
|
|
1;
|
Parent Directory
| 
Revision Log