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revision 1.6 by wakaba, Mon Nov 12 13:14:13 2007 UTC revision 1.28 by wakaba, Sat Mar 29 11:46:02 2008 UTC
# Line 17  Line 17 
17  <body class="has-abstract">  <body class="has-abstract">
18    
19  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
20  <h1>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</h1>  <h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>
21  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-12>12 November 2007</time></h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2008-03-29>29 March 2008</time></h2>
22    
23  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
24  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 42  Line 42 
42        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
43  </dl>  </dl>
44    
45  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time>$B!>(B<time>2008</time> <a
46      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
47  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
48  under the terms of the <a rel="license"  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
# Line 92  normative version.</p> Line 92  normative version.</p>
92    
93  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
94    
95  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <div class="issue ed">...
96    
97    <p>Much of invalid (well-formed or not) XML document parsing and XML document
98    / XML DOM conformance is left undefined so that this document provides a
99    guideline for conformance checkers.
100    </div>
101    
102    
103  </div>  </div>
# Line 118  else in this specification is normative. Line 123  else in this specification is normative.
123  <p><span class=ed>Algorithm is normative but non-normative</span>.  <p><span class=ed>Algorithm is normative but non-normative</span>.
124  In addition, the order in which <a href="#errors">errors</a> are  In addition, the order in which <a href="#errors">errors</a> are
125  raised is undefined.</p>  raised is undefined.</p>
126    
127    <p>This document sometimes cites parts of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0 specification
128    by hyperlinks.  When the document being processed is an <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
129    document, however, corresponding parts of the <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
130    specification should be consulted instead.</p>
131  </div>  </div>
132    
 <div class="section">  
 <h2 class=ed>Algorithms</h2>  
133    
134  <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to  <div class=section id=error-categories>
135  <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied  <h2>Error Classification</h2>
 to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>  
136    
137  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no
138  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,
# Line 138  into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document. Line 145  into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.
145  can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>  can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>
146  </div>  </div>
147    
148    <p class=ed>To be a conforming <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating XML processor</a>,
149    ...</p>
150    
151  <p>Errors are classified into these  <p>Errors are classified into these
152  <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>  <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>
153    
# Line 156  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 166  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
166    </dd>    </dd>
167  <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>
168    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
169    <dt><dfn id=round-trip-warning><code>round-trip-warning</code></dfn></dt>
170      <dd>
171        <p>A <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>
172        will be raised when a construct, which might not be restored to the same
173        construct when it is serialized and then re-parsed by a conforming
174        processor, is encountered.</p>
175        <div class="example memo">
176          <p>For a <code>Comment</code> node a
177          <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a> will
178          be raised, since <abbr>XML</abbr> processors are not required to
179          report texts of comments for applications.</p>
180        </div>
181      </dd>
182  <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>  <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>
183    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
184  <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>
# Line 176  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 199  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
199    <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)    <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)
200    that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error    that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error
201    category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>    category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>
202    <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-recommendation><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></dfn></dt>
203      <dd>
204        <p>An
205        <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
206        will be raised if a <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em>$B!>(Blevel requirement
207        in <abbr>XML</abbr> specification is not met.</p>
208      </dd>
209  <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>
210    <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>    <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>
211  <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>
# Line 185  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 215  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
215    violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML    violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML
216    specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,    specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,
217    <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>    <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>
218    <dt><dfn id=misc-info><code>misc-info</code></dfn>
219      <dd><p>A <code>misc-info</code> is raised when some status information
220      on parsing or checking process that are considered useful for debugging
221      and so on is available.  It by no means implies the non-conformance of
222      the document.
223  </dl>  </dl>
224    
225  <div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option  <div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option
226  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,
227  #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>  #dt-interop for interoperability</p>
228    
229    <p>TODO: XML 1.1, XML Namespace 1.0/1.1, xml:base, xml:id
230    
231    <p>TODO: XML "error"/"fatal error" is not always non-conforming (only
232    when MUST or SHOULD).
233    </div>
234    
235    <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> continue the parsing of the document
236    even after a fatal error (as defined by the relavant specification) is
237    encountered.  How the parsing ought to be continued is not defined by this
238    specification.
239    
240      <div class="note memo informative">
241      <p>It is expected that the XML5 specification <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
242      will define how the parser has to convert any string into DOM tree
243      completely.
244      </div>
245    
246    </div>
247    
248    <div class=section id=parsing-xml>
249    <h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>
250    
251    <p>When an <abbr>XML</abbr> document is parsed, the following clauses
252    are applied:</p>
253    <dl class=switch>
254    <dt>For each external entity (including the document entity and the external
255    subset entity, if any)
256      <dd>If there is a byte sequence that are not legal in the encoding in use,
257      then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
258      <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-illegal-bytes><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
259      <!--
260         <q>It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an
261         encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML
262         entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level
263         protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are
264         not legal in that encoding.</q>
265      -->
266    
267      <dd>If it is the document entity or a general entity, then:
268        <ul>
269        <li>If the input byte sequence for the entity begins with the
270        <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
271        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the <span class=ed>BOM flag</span> of
272        the node corresponding to the entity (the <code>Document</code> node
273        for the document entity or an <code>Entity</code> node for a general
274        entity) to <code>true</code>.
275        <!--
276          <q>Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY
277          begin with the Byte Order Mark</q>
278        -->
279        <span class=ed>@@ flag must be checked later</span>
280        <!-- <?xml encoding=""?> must be reflected to xmlEncoding; this should be
281        enforced by DOM Core spec. -->
282        </ul>
283      <dd>If it is a parameter entity or the external subset entity, then:
284        <ul>
285        <li>If the character encoding of the entity is <code>UTF-16</code> but
286        the input byte stream for the entity does not begin with the
287        <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
288        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
289        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-pe-bom><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
290        <li class=ed>@@ encoding="" preferred name?
291    <!--
292    "In an encoding declaration, the values "UTF-8", "UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2", and "ISO-10646-UCS-4" SHOULD be used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646, the values "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ... "ISO-8859-n" (where n is the part number) SHOULD be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and the values "ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", and "EUC-JP" SHOULD be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. It is RECOMMENDED that character encodings registered (as charsets) with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS], other than those just listed, be referred to using their registered names; other encodings SHOULD use names starting with an "x-" prefix."
293    
294    In addition, this should be checked later for Document and Entity nodes.
295    -->
296        </ul>
297    
298    <dt>For the document
299      <dd>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
300      <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
301      raise an
302      <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
303      <dd>If the document does not contain the document type declaration, or
304      if it does but the document type definition does not contain entity
305      declaration for any of <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>,
306      <code>apos</code>, or <code>quot</code>, then the parser
307      <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise
308      <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
309      <!--
310        <q>For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities
311        amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined
312        Entities.</q>
313      -->
314    <dt>For the document type declaration
315      <dd class=ed>@@ read external entity
316      <dd>The <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code>
317      node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> contain a <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object
318      whose first five items are as follows:
319        <ol start=0>
320        <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
321        is <code>amp</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
322        <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&amp;</code>.
323        <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
324        is <code>lt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
325        <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&lt;</code>.
326        <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
327        is <code>gt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
328        <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>></code>.
329        <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
330        is <code>quot</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
331        <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>"</code>.
332        <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
333        is <code>apos</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
334        <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>'</code>.
335        </ol>
336    <dt>For each internal general entity declaration being processed by the parser
337      <dd>If the
338      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-EntityValue"><code>EntityValue</code></a>
339      part of the general entity declaration contains a bare <code>U+003C</code>
340      <code>LESS-THAN SIGN</code> (<code>&lt;</code>) character, then the parser
341      <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
342      <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
343    "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
344    -->
345    <dt>For each element type declaration being processed by the parser
346      <dd>If there is another processed element type declaration whose
347      <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the element type
348      declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
349      <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
350    <dt>For each attribute definition list declaration being processed by the
351    parser
352      <dd>If there is another processed attribute defintion list declaration whose
353      <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
354      definition list declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
355      raise an
356      <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attlist-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
357      <dd>For each attribute definition in the attribute definition list
358      declaration, if there is another processed attribute definition whose
359      <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
360      definition (whether or not in the same attribute definition list
361      declaration), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
362      <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attrdef-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
363      <!--
364        <q>For interoperability, an XML processor <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> at
365        user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration
366        is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition
367        is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error.</q>
368      -->
369    <!--
370      NOTE: <!ATTLIST a xml:space (default) #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED>
371      will not be warned.
372    -->
373    
374    <dt>For each entity declaration being processed by the parser
375      <dd>Handle as follows:
376        <ol>
377        <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, the following
378        is applied:
379          <dl>
380          <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>lt</code> or <code>amp</code>
381            <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
382            or if the replacement text of the entity is not the escaped form of
383            <code>&lt;</code> (if <code>lt</code>) or <code>&amp;</code> (if
384            <code>amp</code>), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
385            <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-double-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
386    
387              <div class="note memo informative">
388              <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
389              has to be double-escaped.
390              </div>
391          <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, or
392          <code>apos</code>
393            <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
394            or if the replacement text of the entity is not equal to or not the
395            escaped form of <code>></code> (if <code>gt</code>), <code>"</code> (if
396            <code>quot</code>), or <code>'</code> (if <code>apos</code>), then the
397            parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
398            <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-single-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
399    
400              <div class="note memo informative">
401              <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
402              has to be single- or double-escaped.
403              </div>
404          </dl>
405          <!--
406            <q>If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless).</q>
407          -->
408    
409        <li><p>If the entity declaration has to be ignored since there has already
410        been declared an entity with the same <code>Name</code> as the declaration,
411        then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise a
412        <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>
413        and abort these steps.
414    
415        <div class="informative note memo">
416        <p>Five predefined entities, i.e. <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>,
417        <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, and <code>apos</code>, are always
418        declared implicitly and therefore any declaration for such an entity
419        always raises an
420        <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>.
421        </div>  
422    
423        <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a parameter entity and the
424        <code>Name</code> of the entity begins with the string <code>xml</code>
425        (in any combination of upper- and lowercase letters), then the parser
426        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
427        <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-pe-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
428    
429        <li><p>If the entity declaration contains the <code>EntityValue</code>,
430        then for each occurence of any references to unparsed entities in the
431        <code>EntityValue</code>, the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
432        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-unparsed-in-ev><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
433        <!--
434          <q>It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the
435          EntityValue in an entity declaration.</q>
436        -->
437        <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, then an
438        <code>Entity</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created and
439        appended to the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the
440        <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code> node.
441        
442        <p class=ed>Read the external entity
443    
444        <p>If the replacement text of the entity is read, then parse the
445        replacement text as if it were referenced from the content of an
446        element (with no namespace bindings).  If no <span class=ed>@@ parse error</span>
447        is raised by the parsing process, then the nodes generated by the
448        parsing <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be appended to the <code>Entity</code>
449        node.  The parse error <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> be propagated to
450        the entire parsing process.  Other kinds of errors
451        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be propagated.  The first parse error
452        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> abort the internal parsing process.
453        <span class=ed>@@ better wording</span>
454    
455        <p class=ed>@@ prop
456        
457        <p>Then, the <code>Entity</code> node and its descendant
458        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be marked as read-only.
459      </ol>
460    
461    <dt>For each notation declaration being processed by the parser
462      <dd>If there is another processed notation declaration whose
463      <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the notation
464      declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
465      <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-uniquenotationname><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
466      <!-- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#UniqueNotationName">Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name</a> -->
467    
468    <dt>For each empty-element tag
469      <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is not declared by a processed
470      element type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
471      <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
472      <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
473    <dt>For each start-tag
474      <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is declared by a processed element
475      type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
476      <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
477      <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
478    <dt>For each attribute
479      <dd><p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
480      the attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute of the <code>Attr</code>
481      node created for the attribute.
482    
483        <div class="note memo informative">
484        <p>That is, any entity reference has to be expanded.  Unexpanded entity
485        references in attribute values are discarded.
486        </div>
487    <dt>For each <code>xml:space</code> attribute
488      <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
489      the <code>xml:space</code> attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute
490      of the <code>Attr</code> node created for the attribute even if the
491      normalized value is different from <code>default</code> or
492      <code>preserve</code>.
493      <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 specification, the attribute specification MAY be
494      ignored. -->
495    
496    <dt>For each parameter entity reference
497      <dd><p>Process as follows:
498        <ol>
499        <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
500        then:
501          <dl class=switch>
502          <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
503          contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
504          <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
505            <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
506            <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
507          <dt>Otherwise
508            <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
509            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
510          </dl>
511        <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
512        referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
513        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
514        <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
515        </ol>
516    
517        <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
518        <ul>
519        <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in a declaration, then
520        the declaration <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be ignored <em>except</em> that
521        any error before the parameter entity <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
522        raised as usual.
523        <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in the status portion of
524        a conditional section, then the conditional section
525        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be processed as if it were an
526        <code>IGNORE</code>d section.
527        <li>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> process any entity or
528        attribute-list declaration after the parameter entity reference in the DTD
529        <em>except</em> when the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute of the
530        XML declaration (if any) is set to <code>yes</code>.
531        <!-- This requirement is enforced for internal DTD subset case in
532        XML 1.0/1.1 specification (section 5.1) but not for any other cases. -->
533        <!-- According to this definition, element type declarations, notation
534        declarations, and PIs ARE processed. -->
535        <li>If the parameter entity reference is the first reference to an entity
536        that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
537        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-pe><code>entity-error</code></a>.
538        <li>The <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code> <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
539        attribute of the <code>Document</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
540        set to <code>false</code>.
541        </ul>
542    <dt>For each general entity reference in an attribute value or in the content
543    of an element
544      <dd><p>Process as follows:
545        <ol>
546        <li>If the <code>Name</code> of the entity reference is either
547        <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>,
548        or <code>apos</code>, then abort these steps.
549        <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
550        then:
551          <dl class=switch>
552          <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
553          contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
554          <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
555            <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
556            <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
557          <dt>Otherwise
558            <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
559            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
560          </dl>
561        <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
562        referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
563        <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
564        <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
565        </ol>
566    
567        <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
568        <ul>
569        <li>If the general entity reference is the first reference to an entity
570        that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
571        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-ge><code>entity-error</code></a>.
572        <span class=ed>@@ entity declared WFC?</span>
573        <li class=ed>An unexpended entity reference node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be inserted to the current node.
574        </ul>
575    
576    <dt>For each comment <em>outside</em> of document type declaration
577      <dd>A <code>Comment</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created
578      and inserted appropriately.
579      <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 spec, this is optional. -->
580    </dl>
581    
582    <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> try to read any entity referenced
583    by general or parameter entity references, the external subset entity, if any,
584    and any general entity declared in the document type definition.
585    
586    <p>In addition, the parser has to check whether the
587    following constraints are met.
588    
589    <p><strong>Well-formedness constraints</strong>.  For each violation to
590    one of constraints below, an
591    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error"><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>
592    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of well-formedness
593    constraints is below:
594    <ul>
595    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wfc-PEinInternalSubset">Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset</a>
596    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#GIMatch">Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match</a>
597    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#uniqattspec">Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec</a>
598    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NoExternalRefs">Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References</a>
599    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#CleanAttrVals">Well-formedness constraint: No &lt; in Attribute Values</a>
600    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wf-Legalchar">Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character</a>
601    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#textent">Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity</a>
602    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#norecursion">Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion</a>
603    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#indtd">Well-formedness constraint: In DTD</a>
604    </ul>
605    
606    <p><strong>Validity constraints</strong>.  For each violation to
607    one of constraints below, an
608    <a href="#xml-validity-error"><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
609    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of validity
610    constraints is below:
611    <ul>
612    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinMarkupDecl">Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting</a>
613    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinGroup">Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting</a>
614    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#condsec-nesting">Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting</a>
615    <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-check-rmd">Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration</a>
616    </ul>
617    
618    <p><strong>Other creteria</strong>.  For each violation to
619    one of constraints below, an
620    <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
621    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of constraints is below:
622    <ul>
623    <li><q>For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a
624    <code>choice</code>, <code>seq</code>, or <code>Mixed</code> construct, its
625    replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> contain at least one non-blank
626    character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the
627    replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be a connector (<code>|</code>
628    or <code>,</code>).</q>
629    <li><q>External parsed entities <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> each begin with a
630    text declaration.</q>
631    </ul>
632    
633    <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> act as if it is a
634    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating
635    XML processor</a> for the informing of white space appearing in
636    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-elemcontent">element
637    content</a> (See
638    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-white-space">Section
639    2.10</a> of the XML specification).
640    
641      <div class="note memo informative">
642      <p>In other word, the <code>isElementContentWhitespace</code> attribute
643      of <code>Text</code> nodes has to be set appropriately.  Note that the
644      value of the attribute will be set to <code>false</code> for any
645      <code>Text</code> node in the content of an element whose declaration
646      is not processed.
647      </div>
648    
649    <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
650    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-syntax><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>
651    for any failure for matching to a production rule in the XML specification.
652    <!--
653      <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#ExtSubset">Well-formedness constraint: External Subset</a>
654      <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#PE-between-Decls">Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations</a>
655    -->
656    
657    <!--
658      Inpossible to test:
659        "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME
660        headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8
661        or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"
662    -->
663    </div>
664    
665    <div class="section" id=checking-dom>
666    <h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>
667    
668    <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
669    <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
670    to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>
671    
672    <div class=section id=definitions>
673    <h3>Definitions</h3>
674    
675  <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is  <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is
676  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.
677  For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version  For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version
678  of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>  of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>
679  attribute.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose  attribute of the node.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose
680  <code>ownerDocument</code> is set to <code>null</code>,  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute is set to <code>null</code>,
681  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code>.  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code><!--
682    since createDocumentType [DOM3CORE] assumes XML 1.0 [XML10TE] -->.
683  For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document  For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document
684  is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the  is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the
685  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>
686    
687    </div>
688    
689    
690    <div class=section id=checking-components>
691    <h3>Conformance Checking Algorithms for Components</h3>
692    
693    <p>To
694    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title="validate an XML string">to
695    validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
696    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
697    <ol>
698    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in
699    the character class <a href="#class-Char10"><code>Char10</code></a>,
700    then raise an
701    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-illegal-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
702    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
703    class <a href="#class-CompatChar10"><code>CompatChar10</code></a>,
704    then raise an
705    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-compat-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
706    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
707    class <a href="#class-ControlChar10"><code>ControlChar10</code></a>,
708    then raise an
709    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-control-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
710    <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
711    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a <code class=char>U+000D</code>
712    <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code> character, then
713    raise a
714    <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-cr><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
715    <span class=ed>@@ We should not raise duplicate errors for U+000D
716    in attribute values.  In addition, we should support a mode where
717    U+000D will be serialized as &#x000D; (so that no round-trip-error
718    will be raised).</span></li>
719    </ol>
720    
721    <p>To
722    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="validate a Name">validate a
723    <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
724    algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
725    <ol>
726    <li>If <var>s</var> is an empty string, then raise an
727    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-empty><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
728    Abort these steps.</li>
729    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
730    <var>s</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
731    <li>If the first character in <var>s</var> is a character that is
732    <em>not</em> in the character class
733    <a href="#class-NameStartChar10"><code>NameStartChar10</code></a>, then raise
734    an
735    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-startchar><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
736    <li>If a character other than the first character in <var>s</var> is a
737    character that is <em>not</em> in the character class
738    <a href="#class-NameChar10"><code>NameChar10</code></a>, then raise an
739    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
740    <li>If <var>s</var> begins with the string <code>xml</code> (in any
741    case combination), then raise an
742    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
743    <span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,
744    <code>xml:space</code><!--, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
745    <code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,
746    pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>-->.</span><!--
747    "names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":
748    xmlns, xml-stylesheet, xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!
749    --></li>
750    <!-- COLON in Name is a lowercase "should not" in a Note of [XML10],
751    [XML11]. -->
752    <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
753    </ol>
754    
755    <p>To
756    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname title="validate an NCName">validate
757    an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-ncname-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
758    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
759    <ol>
760    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-name" title="validate a Name">Validate
761    <var>s</var> as a <code>Name</code></a>.</li>
762    <li class=ed>@@</li>
763    </ol>
764    
765    <p>To
766    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate
767    a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
768    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
769    <ol>
770    <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
771    <li>If <var>pid</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in the
772    character class <a href="#class-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>, then
773    raise an
774    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
775      <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
776      <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,
777      <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
778      and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
779      characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is
780      <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,
781      if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>
782      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a
783      <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character
784      immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>
785      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a
786      <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
787      <span class=ed>Is this really a roundtripness problem?  XML spec
788      does only define the way to match public identifiers in fact, no
789      canonical form.</span></li>
790    </ol>
791    
792    <p>To
793    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier title="validate a system identifier">validate
794    a system identifier (<dfn id=var-sid><var>sid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
795    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
796    <ol>
797      <li>If <var>sid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
798    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
799    <var>sid</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
800      <li>If <var>sid</var> contains both <code class=char>U+0022</code>
801      <code class=charname>QUOTATION MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) and
802      <code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
803      (<code class=char>'</code>) characters, raise an
804      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-sid-lit><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
805      <li>If <var>sid</var> contains at least one <code class=char>U+0023</code>
806      <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>)
807      character, then raise an
808      <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-sid-fragment><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
809      <li class=ed>@@ If <var>sid</var> cannot be converted to a URI
810      reference, then raise a fact-level error (xml-misc-warning?).<!--
811      XML 1.0 has no conformance language for system identifier being
812      a URI reference. --></li>
813    </ol>
814    
815    </div>
816    
817    <div class=section id=checking-node>
818    <h3>Checking <code>Node</code></h3>
819    
820  <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to  <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to
821  check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as  check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as
822  following:</p>  following:</p>
# Line 209  following:</p> Line 824  following:</p>
824  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>
825    <dd>    <dd>
826      <ol>      <ol>
827      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
828      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
829      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
830      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
831      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
832      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-attr-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Text</code> or  
     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an  
     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-attr><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in  
833      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
834      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <ol>
835          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
836          <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
837          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
838          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
839          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
840          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
841          <li>Otherwise,
842          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
843          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
844          </ol></li>
845        <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
846        <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
847        and <code>value</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is neither
848        <code>default</code> nor <code>preserve</code>, then it is an
849        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-attr-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.<!--
850        Note that <!ATTLIST e xml:space (default|preserve) "a">...
851        <e xml:space="default"/> is conforming and valid. --></li>
852        <li class=ed>@@ xml:lang value is not a language tag [RFC 3066 or its
853        successor] or an empty string, then xml-misc-warning
854        (a "fact"-level error; not an XML error).</li>
855      <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,      <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,
856      <code>manakaiAttributeType</code></li>      <code>manakaiAttributeType</code> (#ValueType Validity constraint: Attribute Value Type)</li>
857        <!-- xml:space MUST be declared to be valid. -->
858        <li>Let <dfn id=var-v><var>v</var></dfn> be the value of the
859        attribute <code>value</code> of <var>n</var>.</li>
860        <li>Validate the <var>n</var> against the <span class=ed>declared
861        type</span> as following:
862          <dl class=switch>
863          <dt class=ed><code>ID_ATTR</code></dt>
864            <dd>
865              <ol>
866              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
867              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
868              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
869              <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is defined,</span>
870              then raise an  
871              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-duplication><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
872              </ol>
873            </dd>
874          <dt class=ed>IDREF_ATTR</dt>
875            <dd>
876              <ol>
877              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
878              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
879              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
880              <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
881              defined,</span> then raise an  
882              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
883              </ol>
884            </dd>
885          <dt class=ed>IDREFS_ATTR</dt>
886            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
887          <dt class=ed>ENTITY_ATTR</dt>
888            <dd>
889              <ol>
890              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
891              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
892              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
893              <li><span class=ed>If <code>Entity</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
894              defined,</span> then raise an  
895              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
896              </ol>
897            </dd>
898          <dt class=ed>ENTITIES_ATTR</dt>
899            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
900          <dt class=ed>NMTOKEN_ATTR</dt>
901            <dd>
902              <ol>
903              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
904              <code>Nmtoken</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
905              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-nmtok-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
906              </ol>
907            </dd>
908          <dt class=ed>NMTOKENS_ATTR</dt>
909            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
910          <dt class=ed>NOTATION_ATTR</dt>
911            <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
912            If not, then raise an
913            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
914          <dt class=ed>ENUMERATED_ATTR</dt>
915            <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
916            If not, then raise an
917            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-enum><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
918          <dt class=ed>@@</dt>
919          </dl>
920        </li>
921        <li>If <span class=ed>type ID and default is NOT #IMPLIED or #REQUIRED</span>, then
922        raise an
923        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-default><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
924        <li class=ed>@@ #FixedAttr Validity constraint: Fixed Attribute Default</li>
925        <li class=ed>@@ strict serialization error for U+000D, U+000A, and
926        U+0009 characters, leading/trailing U+0020, and U+0020{2,} string?</li>
927      </ol>      </ol>
928    </dd>    </dd>
929  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>
930    <dd class=ed></dd>    <dd>
931        <ol>
932        <li class=ed></li>
933        <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
934        <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
935        and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),
936        (preserve|default), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
937        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
938        <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
939        <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
940          <ol>
941          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
942          <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
943          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-at-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
944          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
945          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
946          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-at-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
947          <li>Otherwise,
948          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
949          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
950          </ol></li>
951        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code>, enumerated values MUST
952        be declared.  If not, then raise an
953        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-declared><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
954        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> or <code>ENUMERATED_ATTR</code>,
955        values MUST all be distinct.  If not, then raise an
956        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-duplicate-tokens><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
957        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> on an <code>EMPTY</code>
958        element, then raise an
959        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-notation-empty><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
960        <li class=ed>@@ #defattrvalid Validity constraint: Attribute Default Value Syntactically Correct</li>
961        </ol>
962      </dd>
963  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>
964    <dd>    <dd>
965      <ol>      <ol>
966      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
967      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
968      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
969      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
970      a string <code>]]></code>, then it is a      a string <code>]]></code>, then raise an
971      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!-- "for compatibility" --></li>
972      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
973      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
974      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
975      </ol>      </ol>
976    </dd>    </dd>
977  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>
978    <dd>    <dd>
979      <ol>      <ol>
980      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li>Raise an
981        <a href="#round-trip-warning" id=rtw-comment><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>.</li>
982        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
983      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
984      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
985      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
986      a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character      a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character
987      <code>-</code>, then it is a      <code>-</code>, then raise an
988      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
989        "for compatibility" --></li>
990      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
991      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
992      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
993      </ol>      </ol>
994    </dd>    </dd>
995  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>
# Line 267  following:</p> Line 1000  following:</p>
1000      then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>      then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>
1001      <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>      <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>
1002      match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>      match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>
1003      <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is a      <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is an
1004      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1005      <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to      <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to
1006      consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or      consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
# Line 277  following:</p> Line 1010  following:</p>
1010      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by
1011      an <code>Element</code> node, followed      an <code>Element</code> node, followed
1012      by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or      by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
1013      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is a      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is an
1014      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1015      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-document-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1016      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1017      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <ol>
1018          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1019          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then
1020          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1021          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
1022          </ol></li>
1023      <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>      <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>
1024      </ol>      </ol>
1025    </dd>    </dd>
1026  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>
1027    <dd>    <dd>
1028      <ol>      <ol>
1029      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-df-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1030      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1031      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
1032      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1033      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>, <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>,
1034      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Comment</code>, <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
1035      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1036      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1037      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-df><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
1038      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1039      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1040      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <li>Otherwise,
1041          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1042          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
1043          </ol></li>
1044      </ol>      </ol>
1045    </dd>    </dd>
1046  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>
1047    <dd>    <dd>
1048      <ol>      <ol>
1049      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1050      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1051        <li>Follow the following substeps:
1052          <ol>
1053          <li>If <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
1054          <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
1055          <li>If <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node
1056          set to <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
1057          <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
1058          <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of the node set to
1059          <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node set to
1060          <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
1061          different from <code>nodeName</code> of <var>n</var>,
1062          then raise an
1063          <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-roottype><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li></li>
1064          </ol>
1065        </li>
1066      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
1067      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
1068      <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
1069      both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a      the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
1070      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
1071      <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->      <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
1072      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
1073      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node,      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
1074      then it is a      <span class=ed>@@ publicId == null?  Or, publicId == ""</span></li>
1075      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-dt-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1076      <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1077      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <ol>
1078      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
1079      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node, then it is an
1080      <li class=ed>@@ <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
1081      <code>elementTypes</code>, externally declared?</li>        <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>
1082          <li>Otherwise, <!-- if n_c is not an EntityReference node, -->
1083          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1084          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
1085          </ol></li>
1086        <li>For each node in the <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,
1087        and <code>elementTypes</code> lists of <var>n</var>,
1088        <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check the
1089        node</a> recursively.</li>
1090        <li class=ed>@@ externally declared?</li>
1091        <li>If the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the <code>entities</code>
1092        attribute of <var>n</var> does not contain <code>Entity</code> nodes
1093        whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute are <code>amp</code>,
1094        <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>apos</code>, and <code>quot</code>
1095        then raise
1096        <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
1097      </ol>      </ol>
1098    </dd>    </dd>
1099  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>
1100    <dd>    <dd>
1101      <ol>      <ol>
1102      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1103      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1104      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
1105      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
1106      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1107      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-element-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1108      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1109      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
1110      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1111      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>,
1112      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
1113      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
1114      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1115      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-element><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1116      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
1117      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1118      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1119          <li>Otherwise,
1120          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1121          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
1122          </ol></li>
1123        <li class=ed>@@ #elementvalid Validity constraint: Element Valid</li>
1124        <li>Let <var>attrs</var> be the value of the <code>attribute</code>
1125        attribute of <var>n</var>.  Check conformance of <var>attrs</var>
1126        as following:
1127          <ol>
1128          <li>If <var>attrs</var> contains an <code>Attr</code> node whose
1129          <code>nodeName</code> attribute value is equal to that of another
1130          <code>Attr</code> node in <var>attrs</var>, then raise an
1131          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uniqattspec><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
1132          #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec --></li>
1133          <li class=ed>@@ #RequiredAttr Validity constraint: Required Attribute</li>
1134          </ol>
1135        </li>
1136      </ol>      </ol>
1137    </dd>    </dd>
1138  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>
   <dd class=ed></dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node</dt>  
1139    <dd>    <dd>
1140      <ol>      <ol>
1141      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a> <span class=ed>@@ if !notationName</span>.</li>      <li class=ed></li>
1142      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
1143        any nodes, they are in
1144        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-et-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1145        <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#elemdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration is provided, but this is not an error.</q></li>
1146        <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-element-content">For compatibility, it is an error if the content model allows an element to match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model. </q></li>
1147        <li class=ed>@@ #vc-MixedChildrenUnique
1148        Validity constraint: No Duplicate Types</li>
1149        <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#attdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning if attributes are declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an error.</q></li>
1150        <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
1151        with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>ID</code></span> in the
1152        <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
1153        <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
1154        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-id-per-el><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
1155        <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
1156        with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>NOTATION</code></span> in the
1157        <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
1158        <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
1159        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-notation-per><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
1160        <li class=ed>"For interoperability, the same Nmtoken  SHOULD NOT occur more than once in the enumerated attribute types of a single element type."</li>
1161        </ol>
1162      </dd>
1163    <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
1164    <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <code>null</code> (i.e. a
1165    parsed entity)</dt>
1166      <dd>
1167        <ol>
1168        <li>Raise an
1169        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1170        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1171      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1172      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
1173      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
1174      <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
1175      both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a      the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
1176      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
1177      <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->      <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
1178      <li class=ed>@@ <code>notationName</code></li>      value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
1179      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1180      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-entity-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1181      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1182      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <ol>
1183      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1184      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Element</code>,
1185          <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
1186          <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
1187          node, then it is an
1188          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1189          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
1190          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1191          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1192          <li>Otherwise,
1193          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1194          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
1195          </ol></li>
1196        </ol>
1197      </dd>
1198    <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
1199    <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <em>not</em> <code>null</code>
1200    (i.e. an unparsed entity)</dt>
1201      <dd>
1202        <ol>
1203        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1204        <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1205        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
1206        the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
1207        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
1208        the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
1209        <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
1210        <code>null</code>, then raise an
1211        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1212        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1213        <code>notationName</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> as an
1214        <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1215        <li class=ed>@@ #not-declared Validity constraint: Notation Declared</li>
1216      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
1217      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an      any nodes, they are in
1218      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in  
     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>  
1219      </ol>      </ol>
1220    </dd>    </dd>
1221  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>
1222    <dd>    <dd>
1223      <ol>      <ol>
1224      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1225      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1226      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1227      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-er-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
1228      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
1229      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
1230      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1231      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>,
1232      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
1233      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
1234      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        node, then it is an
1235      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-entity><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1236      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
1237      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
1238      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
1239          <li>Otherwise,
1240          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
1241          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
1242          </ol></li>
1243      </ol>      </ol>
1244    </dd>    </dd>
1245  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>
1246    <dd>    <dd>
1247      <ol>      <ol>
1248      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
1249      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1250      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
1251      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
1252      <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
1253      both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a      the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
1254      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
1255      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
1256      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1257      </ol>      </ol>
1258    </dd>    </dd>
1259  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>
1260    <dd>    <dd>
1261      <ol>      <ol>
1262      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to the string
1263      <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>xml</code> in any case combination, then raise a
     <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to  
     <code>XML</code> case-insensitively, then it is a  
1264      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1265      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li>Otherwise, <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate the
1266      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
1267        <li>Then,
1268        <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">validate
1269        the <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
1270      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
1271      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains a string
1272      a string <code>?></code>, or starts with either      <code>?></code>, then raise a
1273      <code class=char>U+0009</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code>,      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-pic><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1274      <code class=char>U+000D</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value starts with either
1275      character, then it is a      <code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
1276      <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-data><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>      TABULATION</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE
1277        FEED</code>, <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
1278        RETURN</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>
1279        <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, then raise a
1280        <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-s><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
1281      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
1282      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, then raise an
1283      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1284        <li class=ed>@@ Warn if not declared
1285      </ol>      </ol>
1286    </dd>    </dd>
1287  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>
1288    <dd>    <dd>
1289      <ol>      <ol>
1290      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
1291      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
1292      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
1293      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
1294      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
1295      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
1296      </ol>      </ol>
1297    </dd>    </dd>
1298  <dt>Otherwise</dt>  <dt>Otherwise</dt>
1299    <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>    <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>
1300  </dl>  </dl>
1301    
1302  <p>The algorithm  </div>
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title-"to validate an XML character data">to  
 validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> character data  
 (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
1303    
1304  <p>The algorithm  </div>
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="to validate a Name">to validate a  
 <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined  
 as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
1305    
1306  <p>The algorithm  <div id=classes class=section>
1307  <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname title="to validate an NCName">to  <h2>Character Classes</h2>
 validate an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn>  
 is defined as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
1308    
1309  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate  <p>This section defines a couple of character classes.
1310  a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the  These classes are referred to by algorithms specified above.</p>
 algorithm below <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains any character  
   that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | #xD | #xA |  
   [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,  
   then it is an  
   <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>  
   <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,  
   <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,  
   and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>  
   characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is  
   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,  
   if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a  
   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character  
   immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a  
   <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>  
   <li class=ed>@@ Should we check formal-public-identifierness?</li>  
 </ol>  
1311    
1312    <p>Character class <dfn id=class-Char10><code>Char10</code></dfn>
1313    contains the following characters:</p>
1314    <ul>
1315    <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
1316    TABULATION</code></li>
1317    <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
1318    <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
1319    RETURN</code></li>
1320    <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>
1321    .. <code class=char>U+D7FF</code></li>
1322    <li><code class=char>U+E000</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFD</code>
1323    <code class=charname>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</code></li>
1324    <li><code class=char>U+10000</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
1325    </ul>
1326    <div class="note memo">
1327    <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
1328    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Char"><code>Char</code></a>
1329    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
1330    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
1331  </div>  </div>
1332    
1333  <div class="section" id="examples">  <p>Character class <dfn id=class-CompatChar10><code>CompatChar10</code></dfn>
1334  <h2>Examples</h2>  contains the following characters:</p>
1335    <ul>
1336  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>  <li class=ed>@@ <q>Document authors are encouraged to avoid "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8 of [Unicode @@ Unicode 2.0 @@] (see also D21 in section 3.6 of [Unicode3]).</q></li>
1337    </ul>
1338  <div class="ed issue">  
1339    <p>Character class <dfn id=class-ControlChar10><code>ControlChar10</code></dfn>
1340    contains the following characters:</p>
1341    <ul>
1342    <li><code class=char>U+007F</code> <code class=charname>DELETE</code> ..
1343    <code class=char>U+0084</code> <code class=charname>INDEX</code></li>
1344    <li><code class=char>U+0086</code> <code class=charname>START OF SELECTED
1345    AREA</code> .. <code class=char>U+009F</code> <code class=charname>APPLICATION
1346    PROGRAM COMMAND</code></li>
1347    <li><code class=char>U+FDD0</code> .. <code class=char>U+FDEF</code></li>
1348    <li><code class=char>U+1FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+1FFFF</code></li>
1349    <li><code class=char>U+2FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+2FFFF</code></li>
1350    <li><code class=char>U+3FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+3FFFF</code></li>
1351    <li><code class=char>U+4FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+4FFFF</code></li>
1352    <li><code class=char>U+5FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+5FFFF</code></li>
1353    <li><code class=char>U+6FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+6FFFF</code></li>
1354    <li><code class=char>U+7FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+7FFFF</code></li>
1355    <li><code class=char>U+8FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+8FFFF</code></li>
1356    <li><code class=char>U+9FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+9FFFF</code></li>
1357    <li><code class=char>U+AFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+AFFFF</code></li>
1358    <li><code class=char>U+BFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+BFFFF</code></li>
1359    <li><code class=char>U+CFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+CFFFF</code></li>
1360    <li><code class=char>U+DFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+DFFFF</code></li>
1361    <li><code class=char>U+EFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+EFFFF</code></li>
1362    <li><code class=char>U+FFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFFF</code></li>
1363    <li><code class=char>U+10FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
1364    </ul>
1365    <div class="note memo">
1366    <p>This character class contains the characters listed in the Note in
1367    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#charsets">Section 2.2</a>
1368    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
1369    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>,
1370    as amended by
1371    <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-4e-errata#E02">errata</a>.</p>
1372    </div>
1373    
1374  <div class="example figure block">  <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameStartChar10><code>NameStartChar10</code></dfn>
1375  <div class="caption">...</div>  contains the following characters:</p>
1376    <ul class=ed>
1377    </ul>
1378    <div class="note memo">
1379    <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the first character
1380    of a string matching to the production rule
1381    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
1382    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
1383    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
1384    </div>
1385    
1386  <pre><code>...</code></pre>  <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameChar10><code>NameChar10</code></dfn>
1387    contains the following characters:</p>
1388    <ul>
1389    <li>The characters in the character class
1390    <a href="#class-NameStartChar10">NameStartChar10</a>.</li>
1391    <li class=ed></li>
1392    </ul>
1393    <div class="note memo">
1394    <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the second
1395    character of a string matching to the production rule
1396    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
1397    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
1398    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
1399  </div>  </div>
1400    
1401    <p>The character class <dfn id=class-PubidChar><code>PubidChar</code></dfn>
1402    contains the following characters:</p>
1403    <ul>
1404    <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
1405    TABULATION</code></li>
1406    <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
1407    <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
1408    RETURN</code></li>
1409    <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code></li>
1410    <li><code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
1411    (<code class=char>!</code>)</li>
1412    <li><code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>DOLLAR SIGN</code>
1413    (<code class=char>$</code>)</li>
1414    <li><code class=char>U+0024</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
1415    (<code class=char>#</code>)</li>
1416    <li><code class=char>U+0025</code> <code class=charname>PERCENT SIGN</code>
1417    (<code class=char>%</code>)</li>
1418    <li><code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
1419    (<code class=char>'</code>)</li>
1420    <li><code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT PARENTHESIS</code>
1421    (<code class=char>(</code>)</li>
1422    <li><code class=char>U+0029</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
1423    PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>)</code>)</li>
1424    <li><code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
1425    (<code class=char>*</code>)</li>
1426    <li><code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
1427    (<code class=char>+</code>)</li>
1428    <li><code class=char>U+002C</code> <code class=charname>COMMA</code>
1429    (<code class=char>,</code>)</li>
1430    <li><code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
1431    (<code class=char>-</code>)</li>
1432    <li><code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL STOP</code>
1433    (<code class=char>.</code>)</li>
1434    <li><code class=char>U+002F</code> <code class=charname>SOLIDUS</code>
1435    (<code class=char>/</code>)</li>
1436    <li><code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
1437    (<code class=char>0</code>) .. <code class=char>U+0039</code>
1438    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>)</li>
1439    <li><code class=char>U+003A</code> <code class=charname>COLON</code>
1440    (<code class=char>:</code>)</li>
1441    <li><code class=char>U+003B</code> <code class=charname>SEMICOLON</code>
1442    (<code class=char>;</code>)</li>
1443    <li><code class=char>U+003D</code> <code class=charname>EQUAL SIGN</code>
1444    (<code class=char>=</code>)</li>
1445    <li><code class=char>U+003F</code> <code class=charname>QUESTION MARK</code>
1446    (<code class=char>?</code>)</li>
1447    <li><code class=char>U+0040</code> <code class=charname>COMMERCIAL AT</code>
1448    (<code class=char>@</code>)</li>
1449    <li><code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
1450    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+005A</code>
1451    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
1452    (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
1453    <li><code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
1454    (<code class=char>_</code>)</li>
1455    <li><code class=char>U+0061</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
1456    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+007A</code>
1457    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
1458    (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
1459    </ul>
1460    <div class="note memo">
1461    <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
1462    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>
1463    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
1464    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
1465  </div>  </div>
1466    
1467  </div>  </div>

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