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4  <title>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</title>  <title>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</title>
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16  </head>  </head>
17  <body class="has-abstract">  <body class="has-abstract">
18    
19  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
20  <h1>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</h1>  <h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>
21  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-12>12 November 2007</time></h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-12-01>1 December 2007</time></h2>
22    
23  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
24  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 111  In addition, the order in which <a href= Line 120  In addition, the order in which <a href=
120  raised is undefined.</p>  raised is undefined.</p>
121  </div>  </div>
122    
 <div class="section">  
 <h2 class=ed>Algorithms</h2>  
123    
124  <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to  <div class=section id=error-categories>
125  <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied  <h2>Error Classification</h2>
 to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>  
126    
127  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no
128  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,
# Line 129  into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document. Line 135  into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.
135  can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>  can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>
136  </div>  </div>
137    
138    <p class=ed>To be a conforming <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating XML processor</a>,
139    ...</p>
140    
141  <p>Errors are classified into these  <p>Errors are classified into these
142  <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>  <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>
143    
# Line 147  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 156  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
156    </dd>    </dd>
157  <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>
158    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
159    <dt><dfn id=round-trip-warning><code>round-trip-warning</code></dfn></dt>
160      <dd>
161        <p>A <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>
162        will be raised when a construct, which might not be restored to the same
163        construct when it is serialized and then re-parsed by a conforming
164        processor, is encountered.</p>
165        <div class="example memo">
166          <p>For a <code>Comment</code> node a
167          <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a> will
168          be raised, since <abbr>XML</abbr> processors are not required to
169          report texts of comments for applications.</p>
170        </div>
171      </dd>
172  <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>  <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>
173    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
174  <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>
# Line 167  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 189  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
189    <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)    <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)
190    that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error    that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error
191    category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>    category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>
192    <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-recommendation><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></dfn></dt>
193      <dd>
194        <p>An
195        <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
196        will be raised if a <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em>$B!>(Blevel requirement
197        in <abbr>XML</abbr> specification is not met.</p>
198      </dd>
199  <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>
200    <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>    <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>
201  <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>  <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>
# Line 182  can be easily serialized into a valid XM Line 211  can be easily serialized into a valid XM
211  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,
212  #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>  #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>
213    
214    </div>
215    
216    <div class=section id=parsing-xml>
217    <h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>
218    
219    <ul>
220    <li>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
221    <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then raise an
222    <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
223    <li>If the replacement text of an entity declaration is
224    <code>&lt;</code>, then raise an
225    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
226    "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
227    --></li>
228    <li>If there is an element type declaration whose <code>Name</code>
229    value is already declared, then raise an
230    <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
231    <li>If attribute definition whose <code>Name</code> is
232    <code>xml:space</code> has <span class=ed>declared type different from
233    (default|preserve), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
234    <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-ad-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
235    <span class=ed>@@ duplication with
236    <a href="#xml-at-xml-space">#xml-at-xml-space</a>.<!--
237    <!ATTLIST e xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED> --></span></li>
238    <li>If an empty-element tag is used for an element which is <em>not</em>
239    declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
240    <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
241    <li>If an empty-element tag is <em>not</em> used for an element which is
242    declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
243    <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
244    <!--
245    
246    #vc-PEinMarkupDecl Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting
247    #wfc-PEinInternalSubset Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset
248    #ExtSubset Well-formedness constraint: External Subset
249    #PE-between-Decls Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations
250    #GIMatch Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match
251    #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec
252    #NoExternalRefs Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References
253    #CleanAttrVals Well-formedness constraint: No < in Attribute Values
254    #vc-PEinGroup Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting
255    "For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a choice, seq, or Mixed construct, its replacement text SHOULD contain at least one non-blank character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the replacement text SHOULD be a connector (| or ,)."
256    "For interoperability, an XML processor MAY at user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error."
257    #condsec-nesting Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting
258    #wf-Legalchar Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character
259    #textent Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity
260    #norecursion Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion
261    #indtd Well-formedness constraint: In DTD
262    "External parsed entities SHOULD each begin with a text declaration."
263    "It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the EntityValue in an entity declaration."
264    #UniqueNotationName Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name
265    
266    @@ Need detailed review, but maybe should be in parsing phase
267    
268    #vc-check-rmd Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration
269    
270    @@ Need dtailed review
271    
272    #wf-entdeclared Well-formedness constraint: Entity Declared
273    #vc-entdeclared Validity constraint: Entity Declared
274    "For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined Entities."
275    "If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless)."
276    
277    @@ flaged and then reported in DOM check phase
278    
279    "Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY begin with the Byte Order Mark"
280    "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8 or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"
281    "In an encoding declaration, the values "UTF-8", "UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2", and "ISO-10646-UCS-4" SHOULD be used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646, the values "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ... "ISO-8859-n" (where n is the part number) SHOULD be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and the values "ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", and "EUC-JP" SHOULD be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. It is RECOMMENDED that character encodings registered (as charsets) with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS], other than those just listed, be referred to using their registered names; other encodings SHOULD use names starting with an "x-" prefix."
282    
283    @@ in parsing phase
284    
285    "It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are not legal in that encoding."
286    
287    -->
288    </ul>
289    </div>
290    
291    <div class="section" id=checking-dom>
292    <h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>
293    
294    <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
295    <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
296    to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>
297    
298    <div class=section id=definitions>
299    <h3>Definitions</h3>
300    
301  <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is  <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is
302  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.
303  For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version  For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version
304  of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>  of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>
305  attribute.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose  attribute of the node.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose
306  <code>ownerDocument</code> is set to <code>null</code>,  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute is set to <code>null</code>,
307  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code>.  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code><!--
308    since createDocumentType [DOM3CORE] assumes XML 1.0 [XML10TE] -->.
309  For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document  For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document
310  is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the  is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the
311  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>
312    
313    </div>
314    
315    
316    <div class=section id=checking-components>
317    <h3>Conformance Checking Algorithms for Components</h3>
318    
319    <p>To
320    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title="validate an XML string">to
321    validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
322    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
323    <ol>
324    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in
325    the character class <a href="#class-Char10"><code>Char10</code></a>,
326    then raise an
327    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-illegal-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
328    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
329    class <a href="#class-CompatChar10"><code>CompatChar10</code></a>,
330    then raise an
331    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-compat-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
332    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
333    class <a href="#class-ControlChar10"><code>ControlChar10</code></a>,
334    then raise an
335    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-control-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
336    <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
337    <li>If <var>s</var> contains a <code class=char>U+000D</code>
338    <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code> character, then
339    raise a
340    <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-cr><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
341    <span class=ed>@@ We should not raise duplicate errors for U+000D
342    in attribute values.  In addition, we should support a mode where
343    U+000D will be serialized as &#x000D; (so that no round-trip-error
344    will be raised).</span></li>
345    </ol>
346    
347    <p>To
348    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="validate a Name">validate a
349    <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
350    algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
351    <ol>
352    <li>If <var>s</var> is an empty string, then raise an
353    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-empty><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
354    Abort these steps.</li>
355    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
356    <var>s</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
357    <li>If the first character in <var>s</var> is a character that is
358    <em>not</em> in the character class
359    <a href="#class-NameStartChar10"><code>NameStartChar10</code></a>, then raise
360    an
361    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-startchar><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
362    <li>If a character other than the first character in <var>s</var> is a
363    character that is <em>not</em> in the character class
364    <a href="#class-NameChar10"><code>NameChar10</code></a>, then raise an
365    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
366    <li>If <var>s</var> begins with the string <code>xml</code> (in any
367    case combination), then raise an
368    <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
369    <span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,
370    <code>xml:space</code>, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
371    <code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,
372    pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>.</span><!--
373    "names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":
374    xmlns, xml-stylesheet, xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!
375    --></li>
376    <!-- COLON in Name is a lowercase "should not" in a Note of [XML10],
377    [XML11]. -->
378    <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
379    </ol>
380    
381    <p>To
382    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname title="validate an NCName">validate
383    an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-ncname-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
384    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
385    <ol>
386    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-name" title="validate a Name">Validate
387    <var>s</var> as a <code>Name</code></a>.</li>
388    <li class=ed>@@</li>
389    </ol>
390    
391    <p>To
392    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate
393    a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
394    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
395    <ol>
396      <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
397      <li>If <var>pid</var> contains any character
398      that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | #xD | #xA |
399      [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,
400      then it is an
401      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
402      <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
403      <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,
404      <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
405      and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
406      characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is
407      <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,
408      if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>
409      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a
410      <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character
411      immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>
412      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a
413      <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
414      <span class=ed>Is this really a roundtripness problem?  XML spec
415      does only define the way to match public identifiers in fact, no
416      canonical form.</span></li>
417      <li class=ed>@@ Should we check formal-public-identifierness?</li>
418    </ol>
419    
420    <p>To
421    <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier title="validate a system identifier">validate
422    a system identifier (<dfn id=var-sid><var>sid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
423    following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
424    <ol>
425      <li>If <var>sid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
426    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
427    <var>sid</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
428      <li>If <var>sid</var> contains both <code class=char>U+0022</code>
429      <code class=charname>QUOTATION MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) and
430      <code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
431      (<code class=char>'</code>) characters, raise an
432      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-sid-lit><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
433      <li>If <var>sid</var> contains at least one <code class=char>U+0023</code>
434      <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>)
435      character, then raise an
436      <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-sid-fragment><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
437      <li class=ed>@@ If <var>sid</var> cannot be converted to a URI
438      reference, then raise a fact-level error (xml-misc-warning?).<!--
439      XML 1.0 has no conformance language for system identifier being
440      a URI reference. --></li>
441    </ol>
442    
443    </div>
444    
445    <div class=section id=checking-node>
446    <h3>Checking <code>Node</code></h3>
447    
448  <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to  <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to
449  check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as  check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as
450  following:</p>  following:</p>
# Line 200  following:</p> Line 452  following:</p>
452  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>
453    <dd>    <dd>
454      <ol>      <ol>
455      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
456      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
457      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
458      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
459      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
460      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-attr-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Text</code> or  
     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an  
     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-attr><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in  
461      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
462      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <ol>
463          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
464          <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
465          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
466          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
467          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
468          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
469          <li>Otherwise,
470          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
471          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
472          </ol></li>
473        <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
474        <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
475        and <code>value</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is neither
476        <code>default</code> nor <code>preserve</code>, then it is an
477        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-attr-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.<!--
478        Note that <!ATTLIST e xml:space (default|preserve) "a">...
479        <e xml:space="default"/> is conforming and valid. --></li>
480        <li class=ed>@@ xml:lang value is not a language tag [RFC 3066 or its
481        successor] or an empty string, then xml-misc-warning
482        (a "fact"-level error; not an XML error).</li>
483      <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,      <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,
484      <code>manakaiAttributeType</code></li>      <code>manakaiAttributeType</code> (#ValueType Validity constraint: Attribute Value Type)</li>
485        <!-- xml:space MUST be declared to be valid. -->
486        <li>Let <dfn id=var-v><var>v</var></dfn> be the value of the
487        attribute <code>value</code> of <var>n</var>.</li>
488        <li>Validate the <var>n</var> against the <span class=ed>declared
489        type</span> as following:
490          <dl class=switch>
491          <dt class=ed><code>ID_ATTR</code></dt>
492            <dd>
493              <ol>
494              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
495              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
496              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
497              <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is defined,</span>
498              then raise an  
499              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-duplication><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
500              </ol>
501            </dd>
502          <dt class=ed>IDREF_ATTR</dt>
503            <dd>
504              <ol>
505              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
506              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
507              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
508              <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
509              defined,</span> then raise an  
510              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
511              </ol>
512            </dd>
513          <dt class=ed>IDREFS_ATTR</dt>
514            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
515          <dt class=ed>ENTITY_ATTR</dt>
516            <dd>
517              <ol>
518              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
519              <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
520              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
521              <li><span class=ed>If <code>Entity</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
522              defined,</span> then raise an  
523              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
524              </ol>
525            </dd>
526          <dt class=ed>ENTITIES_ATTR</dt>
527            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
528          <dt class=ed>NMTOKEN_ATTR</dt>
529            <dd>
530              <ol>
531              <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
532              <code>Nmtoken</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
533              <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-nmtok-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
534              </ol>
535            </dd>
536          <dt class=ed>NMTOKENS_ATTR</dt>
537            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
538          <dt class=ed>NOTATION_ATTR</dt>
539            <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
540            If not, then raise an
541            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
542          <dt class=ed>ENUMERATED_ATTR</dt>
543            <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
544            If not, then raise an
545            <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-enum><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
546          <dt class=ed>@@</dt>
547          </dl>
548        </li>
549        <li>If <span class=ed>type ID and default is NOT #IMPLIED or #REQUIRED</span>, then
550        raise an
551        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-default><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
552        <li class=ed>@@ #FixedAttr Validity constraint: Fixed Attribute Default</li>
553        <li class=ed>@@ strict serialization error for U+000D, U+000A, and
554        U+0009 characters, leading/trailing U+0020, and U+0020{2,} string?</li>
555      </ol>      </ol>
556    </dd>    </dd>
557  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>
558    <dd class=ed></dd>    <dd>
559        <ol>
560        <li class=ed></li>
561        <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
562        <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
563        and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),
564        (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
565        <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
566        <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
567        <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
568          <ol>
569          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
570          <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
571          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-at-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
572          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
573          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
574          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-at-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
575          <li>Otherwise,
576          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
577          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
578          </ol></li>
579        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code>, enumerated values MUST
580        be declared.  If not, then raise an
581        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-declared><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
582        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> or <code>ENUMERATED_ATTR</code>,
583        values MUST all be distinct.  If not, then raise an
584        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-duplicate-tokens><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
585        <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> on an <code>EMPTY</code>
586        element, then raise an
587        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-notation-empty><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
588        <li class=ed>@@ #defattrvalid Validity constraint: Attribute Default Value Syntactically Correct</li>
589        </ol>
590      </dd>
591  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>
592    <dd>    <dd>
593      <ol>      <ol>
594      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
595      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
596      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
597      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
598      a string <code>]]></code>, then it is a      a string <code>]]></code>, then raise an
599      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!-- "for compatibility" --></li>
600      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
601      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
602      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
603      </ol>      </ol>
604    </dd>    </dd>
605  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>
606    <dd>    <dd>
607      <ol>      <ol>
608      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li>Raise an
609        <a href="#round-trip-warning" id=rtw-comment><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>.</li>
610        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
611      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
612      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
613      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
614      a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character      a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character
615      <code>-</code>, then it is a      <code>-</code>, then raise an
616      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
617        "for compatibility" --></li>
618      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
619      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
620      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
621      </ol>      </ol>
622    </dd>    </dd>
623  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>
# Line 258  following:</p> Line 628  following:</p>
628      then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>      then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>
629      <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>      <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>
630      match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>      match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>
631      <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is a      <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is an
632      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
633      <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to      <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to
634      consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or      consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
# Line 268  following:</p> Line 638  following:</p>
638      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by
639      an <code>Element</code> node, followed      an <code>Element</code> node, followed
640      by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or      by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
641      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is a      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is an
642      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
643      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-document-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
644      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
645      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <ol>
646          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
647          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then
648          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
649          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
650          </ol></li>
651      <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>      <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>
652      </ol>      </ol>
653    </dd>    </dd>
654  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>
655    <dd>    <dd>
656      <ol>      <ol>
657      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-df-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
658      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
659      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
660      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
661      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>, <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>,
662      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Comment</code>, <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
663      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
664      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
665      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-df><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
666      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
667      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
668      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <li>Otherwise,
669          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
670          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
671          </ol></li>
672      </ol>      </ol>
673    </dd>    </dd>
674  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>
675    <dd>    <dd>
676      <ol>      <ol>
677      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
678      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
679      <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value contains any character      <li>Follow the following substeps:
680      that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | <!--#xD | #xA |-->        <ol>
681      [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,        <li>If <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
682      or contains a leading <code class=char>U+0020</code> character,        <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
683      a trailing <code class=char>U+0020</code> character, or a        <li>If <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node
684      sequence of two or more <code class=char>U+0020</code> characters,        set to <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
685      then it is a        <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
686      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-public-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of the node set to
687      <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains        <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node set to
688      both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a        <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
689      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        different from <code>nodeName</code> of <var>n</var>,
690      <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->        then raise an
691      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-roottype><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li></li>
692      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node,        </ol>
693      then it is a      </li>
694      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
695      <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
696      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
697      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,      the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
698      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>      <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
699      <li class=ed>@@ <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,      <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
700      <code>elementTypes</code>, externally declared?</li>      value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
701        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
702        <span class=ed>@@ publicId == null?  Or, publicId == ""</span></li>
703        <li>For each node <dfn id=var-dt-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
704        in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
705          <ol>
706          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
707          <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node, then it is an
708          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
709          <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>
710          <li>Otherwise, <!-- if n_c is not an EntityReference node, -->
711          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
712          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
713          </ol></li>
714        <li>For each node in the <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,
715        and <code>elementTypes</code> lists of <var>n</var>,
716        <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check the
717        node</a> recursively.</li>
718        <li class=ed>@@ externally declared?</li>
719      </ol>      </ol>
720    </dd>    </dd>
721  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>
722    <dd>    <dd>
723      <ol>      <ol>
724      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
725      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
726      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
727      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate      <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
728      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
729      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-element-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
730      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
731      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
732      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
733      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>,
734      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
735      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
736      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
737      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-element><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
738      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
739      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
740      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
741          <li>Otherwise,
742          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
743          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
744          </ol></li>
745        <li class=ed>@@ #elementvalid Validity constraint: Element Valid</li>
746        <li>Let <var>attrs</var> be the value of the <code>attribute</code>
747        attribute of <var>n</var>.  Check conformance of <var>attrs</var>
748        as following:
749          <ol>
750          <li>If <var>attrs</var> contains an <code>Attr</code> node whose
751          <code>nodeName</code> attribute value is equal to that of another
752          <code>Attr</code> node in <var>attrs</var>, then raise an
753          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uniqattspec><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
754          #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec --></li>
755          <li class=ed>@@ #RequiredAttr Validity constraint: Required Attribute</li>
756          </ol>
757        </li>
758      </ol>      </ol>
759    </dd>    </dd>
760  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>
   <dd class=ed></dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node</dt>  
761    <dd>    <dd>
762      <ol>      <ol>
763      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a> <span class=ed>@@ if !notationName</span>.</li>      <li class=ed></li>
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value contains any character  
     that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | <!--#xD | #xA |-->  
     [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,  
     or contains a leading <code class=char>U+0020</code> character,  
     a trailing <code class=char>U+0020</code> character, or a  
     sequence of two or more <code class=char>U+0020</code> characters,  
     then it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-public-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains  
     both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->  
     <li class=ed>@@ <code>notationName</code></li>  
764      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
765      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      any nodes, they are in
766      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-et-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
767      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or      <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#elemdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration is provided, but this is not an error.</q></li>
768      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a      <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-element-content">For compatibility, it is an error if the content model allows an element to match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model. </q></li>
769      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <li class=ed>@@ #vc-MixedChildrenUnique
770        Validity constraint: No Duplicate Types</li>
771        <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#attdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning if attributes are declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an error.</q></li>
772        <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
773        with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>ID</code></span> in the
774        <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
775        <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
776        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-id-per-el><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
777        <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
778        with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>NOTATION</code></span> in the
779        <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
780        <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
781        <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-notation-per><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
782        <li class=ed>"For interoperability, the same Nmtoken  SHOULD NOT occur more than once in the enumerated attribute types of a single element type."</li>
783        </ol>
784      </dd>
785    <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
786    <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <code>null</code> (i.e. a
787    parsed entity)</dt>
788      <dd>
789        <ol>
790        <li>Raise an
791        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
792        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
793        <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
794        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
795        the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
796        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
797        the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
798        <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
799        <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
800        value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
801        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
802        <li>For each node <dfn id=var-entity-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
803        in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
804          <ol>
805          <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
806          <code>Element</code>,
807          <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
808          <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
809          node, then it is an
810          <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
811          <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
812          <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
813          <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
814          <li>Otherwise,
815          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
816          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
817          </ol></li>
818        </ol>
819      </dd>
820    <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
821    <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <em>not</em> <code>null</code>
822    (i.e. an unparsed entity)</dt>
823      <dd>
824        <ol>
825        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
826        <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
827        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
828        the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
829        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
830        the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
831        <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
832        <code>null</code>, then raise an
833        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
834        <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
835        <code>notationName</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> as an
836        <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
837        <li class=ed>@@ #not-declared Validity constraint: Notation Declared</li>
838      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
839      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an      any nodes, they are in
840      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in  
     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>  
841      </ol>      </ol>
842    </dd>    </dd>
843  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>
844    <dd>    <dd>
845      <ol>      <ol>
846      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
847      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
848      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
849      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-er-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
850      a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,      in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
851      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,        <ol>
852      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or        <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
853      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a        <code>Element</code>,
854      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>        <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
855      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains        <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
856      an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an        node, then it is an
857      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-in-entity><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>        <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
858      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in        <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
859      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,        <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
860      which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>        <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
861          <li>Otherwise,
862          <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
863          <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
864          </ol></li>
865      </ol>      </ol>
866    </dd>    </dd>
867  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>
868    <dd>    <dd>
869      <ol>      <ol>
870      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
871      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
872      <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value contains any character      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
873      that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | <!--#xD | #xA |-->      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
874      [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
875      or contains a leading <code class=char>U+0020</code> character,      the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
     a trailing <code class=char>U+0020</code> character, or a  
     sequence of two or more <code class=char>U+0020</code> characters,  
     then it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-public-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains  
     both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
876      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
877      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
878      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
879      </ol>      </ol>
880    </dd>    </dd>
881  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>
882    <dd>    <dd>
883      <ol>      <ol>
884      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the      <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to the string
885      <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>      <code>xml</code> in any case combination, then raise a
     <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to  
     <code>XML</code> case-insensitively, then it is a  
886      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
887      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li>Otherwise, <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate the
888      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
889        <li>Then,
890        <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">validate
891        the <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
892      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
893      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains a string
894      a string <code>?></code>, or starts with either      <code>?></code>, then raise a
895      <code class=char>U+0009</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code>,      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-pic><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
896      <code class=char>U+000D</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value starts with either
897      character, then it is a      <code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
898      <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-data><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>      TABULATION</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE
899        FEED</code>, <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
900        RETURN</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>
901        <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, then raise a
902        <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-s><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
903      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
904      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, then raise an
905      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
906      </ol>      </ol>
907    </dd>    </dd>
908  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>
909    <dd>    <dd>
910      <ol>      <ol>
911      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
912      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
913      data</a>.</li>      data</a>.</li>
914      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
915      any nodes, they are in      any nodes, they are in
916      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
917      </ol>      </ol>
918    </dd>    </dd>
919  <dt>Otherwise</dt>  <dt>Otherwise</dt>
920    <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>    <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>
921  </dl>  </dl>
922    
 <p>The algorithm  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title-"to validate an XML character data">to  
 validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> character data  
 (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>The algorithm  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="to validate a Name">to validate a  
 <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined  
 as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>The algorithm  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname title="to validate an NCName">to  
 validate an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn>  
 is defined as following:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
   
923  </div>  </div>
924    
925  <div class="section" id="examples">  </div>
 <h2>Examples</h2>  
   
 <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>  
926    
927  <div class="ed issue">  <div id=classes class=section>
928    <h2>Character Classes</h2>
929    
930  <div class="example figure block">  <p>This section defines a couple of character classes.
931  <div class="caption">...</div>  These classes are referred to by algorithms specified above.</p>
932    
933  <pre><code>...</code></pre>  <p>Character class <dfn id=class-Char10><code>Char10</code></dfn>
934    contains the following characters:</p>
935    <ul>
936    <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
937    TABULATION</code></li>
938    <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
939    <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
940    RETURN</code></li>
941    <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>
942    .. <code class=char>U+D7FF</code></li>
943    <li><code class=char>U+E000</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFD</code>
944    <code class=charname>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</code></li>
945    <li><code class=char>U+10000</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
946    </ul>
947    <div class="note memo">
948    <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
949    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Char"><code>Char</code></a>
950    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
951    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
952  </div>  </div>
953    
954    <p>Character class <dfn id=class-CompatChar10><code>CompatChar10</code></dfn>
955    contains the following characters:</p>
956    <ul>
957    <li class=ed>@@ <q>Document authors are encouraged to avoid "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8 of [Unicode @@ Unicode 2.0 @@] (see also D21 in section 3.6 of [Unicode3]).</q></li>
958    </ul>
959    
960    <p>Character class <dfn id=class-ControlChar10><code>ControlChar10</code></dfn>
961    contains the following characters:</p>
962    <ul>
963    <li><code class=char>U+007F</code> <code class=charname>DELETE</code> ..
964    <code class=char>U+0084</code> <code class=charname>INDEX</code></li>
965    <li><code class=char>U+0086</code> <code class=charname>START OF SELECTED
966    AREA</code> .. <code class=char>U+009F</code> <code class=charname>APPLICATION
967    PROGRAM COMMAND</code></li>
968    <li><code class=char>U+FDD0</code> .. <code class=char>U+FDEF</code></li>
969    <li><code class=char>U+1FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+1FFFF</code></li>
970    <li><code class=char>U+2FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+2FFFF</code></li>
971    <li><code class=char>U+3FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+3FFFF</code></li>
972    <li><code class=char>U+4FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+4FFFF</code></li>
973    <li><code class=char>U+5FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+5FFFF</code></li>
974    <li><code class=char>U+6FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+6FFFF</code></li>
975    <li><code class=char>U+7FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+7FFFF</code></li>
976    <li><code class=char>U+8FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+8FFFF</code></li>
977    <li><code class=char>U+9FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+9FFFF</code></li>
978    <li><code class=char>U+AFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+AFFFF</code></li>
979    <li><code class=char>U+BFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+BFFFF</code></li>
980    <li><code class=char>U+CFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+CFFFF</code></li>
981    <li><code class=char>U+DFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+DFFFF</code></li>
982    <li><code class=char>U+EFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+EFFFF</code></li>
983    <li><code class=char>U+FFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFFF</code></li>
984    <li><code class=char>U+10FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
985    </ul>
986    <div class="note memo">
987    <p>This character class contains the characters listed in the Note in
988    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#charsets">Section 2.2</a>
989    of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
990    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>,
991    as amended by
992    <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-4e-errata#E02">errata</a>.</p>
993  </div>  </div>
994    
995    <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameStartChar10><code>NameStartChar10</code></dfn>
996    contains the following characters:</p>
997    <ul class=ed>
998    </ul>
999    
1000    <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameChar10><code>NameChar10</code></dfn>
1001    contains the following characters:</p>
1002    <ul>
1003    <li>The characters in the character class
1004    <a href="#class-NameStartChar10">NameStartChar10</a>.</li>
1005    <li class=ed></li>
1006    </ul>
1007    
1008  </div>  </div>
1009    
1010  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
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