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-revision 1.7 by wakaba,
Mon Nov 12 13:16:56 2007 UTC
+revision 1.28 by wakaba,
Sat Mar 29 11:46:02 2008 UTC
 Line 17
  <body class="has-abstract">
  <div class="header">
- <h1>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</h1>
+ <h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>
- <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-12>12 November 2007</time></h2>
+ <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2008-03-29>29 March 2008</time></h2>
  <dl class="versions-uri">
  <dt>This Version</dt>
 Line 42
        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
  </dl>
- <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
+ <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time>$B!>(B<time>2008</time> <a
      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
 Line 92 
 normative version.</p>
  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
- <div class="issue ed">...</div>
+ <div class="issue ed">...
+ <p>Much of invalid (well-formed or not) XML document parsing and XML document
+ / XML DOM conformance is left undefined so that this document provides a
+ guideline for conformance checkers.
+ </div>
  </div>
-Line 118 
 else in this specification is normative.
+Line 123 
 else in this specification is normative.
  <p><span class=ed>Algorithm is normative but non-normative</span>.
  In addition, the order in which <a href="#errors">errors</a> are
  raised is undefined.</p>
+ <p>This document sometimes cites parts of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0 specification
+ by hyperlinks.  When the document being processed is an <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
+ document, however, corresponding parts of the <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
+ specification should be consulted instead.</p>
  </div>
- <div class="section">
- <h2 class=ed>Algorithms</h2>
- <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
+ <div class=section id=error-categories>
- <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
+ <h2>Error Classification</h2>
- to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>
  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no
  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,
-Line 138 
 into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.
+Line 145 
 into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.
  can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>
  </div>
+ <p class=ed>To be a conforming <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating XML processor</a>,
+ ...</p>
  <p>Errors are classified into these
  <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>
-Line 156 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
+Line 166 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
    </dd>
  <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>
    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=round-trip-warning><code>round-trip-warning</code></dfn></dt>
+   <dd>
+     <p>A <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>
+     will be raised when a construct, which might not be restored to the same
+     construct when it is serialized and then re-parsed by a conforming
+     processor, is encountered.</p>
+     <div class="example memo">
+       <p>For a <code>Comment</code> node a
+       <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a> will
+       be raised, since <abbr>XML</abbr> processors are not required to
+       report texts of comments for applications.</p>
+     </div>
+   </dd>
  <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>
    <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
  <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>
-Line 176 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
+Line 199 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
    <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)
    that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error
    category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-recommendation><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></dfn></dt>
+   <dd>
+     <p>An
+     <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
+     will be raised if a <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em>$B!>(Blevel requirement
+     in <abbr>XML</abbr> specification is not met.</p>
+   </dd>
  <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>
    <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>
  <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>
-Line 185 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
+Line 215 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
    violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML
    specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,
    <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=misc-info><code>misc-info</code></dfn>
+   <dd><p>A <code>misc-info</code> is raised when some status information
+   on parsing or checking process that are considered useful for debugging
+   and so on is available.  It by no means implies the non-conformance of
+   the document.
  </dl>
  <div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option
  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,
- #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>
+ #dt-interop for interoperability</p>
+ <p>TODO: XML 1.1, XML Namespace 1.0/1.1, xml:base, xml:id
+ <p>TODO: XML "error"/"fatal error" is not always non-conforming (only
+ when MUST or SHOULD).
+ </div>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> continue the parsing of the document
+ even after a fatal error (as defined by the relavant specification) is
+ encountered.  How the parsing ought to be continued is not defined by this
+ specification.
+   <div class="note memo informative">
+   <p>It is expected that the XML5 specification <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
+   will define how the parser has to convert any string into DOM tree
+   completely.
+   </div>
+ </div>
+ <div class=section id=parsing-xml>
+ <h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>
+ <p>When an <abbr>XML</abbr> document is parsed, the following clauses
+ are applied:</p>
+ <dl class=switch>
+ <dt>For each external entity (including the document entity and the external
+ subset entity, if any)
+   <dd>If there is a byte sequence that are not legal in the encoding in use,
+   then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-illegal-bytes><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+   <!--
+      <q>It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an
+      encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML
+      entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level
+      protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are
+      not legal in that encoding.</q>
+   -->
+   <dd>If it is the document entity or a general entity, then:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the input byte sequence for the entity begins with the
+     <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the <span class=ed>BOM flag</span> of
+     the node corresponding to the entity (the <code>Document</code> node
+     for the document entity or an <code>Entity</code> node for a general
+     entity) to <code>true</code>.
+     <!--
+       <q>Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY
+       begin with the Byte Order Mark</q>
+     -->
+     <span class=ed>@@ flag must be checked later</span>
+     <!-- <?xml encoding=""?> must be reflected to xmlEncoding; this should be
+     enforced by DOM Core spec. -->
+     </ul>
+   <dd>If it is a parameter entity or the external subset entity, then:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the character encoding of the entity is <code>UTF-16</code> but
+     the input byte stream for the entity does not begin with the
+     <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-pe-bom><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+     <li class=ed>@@ encoding="" preferred name?
+ <!--
+ "In an encoding declaration, the values "UTF-8", "UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2", and "ISO-10646-UCS-4" SHOULD be used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646, the values "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ... "ISO-8859-n" (where n is the part number) SHOULD be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and the values "ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", and "EUC-JP" SHOULD be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. It is RECOMMENDED that character encodings registered (as charsets) with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS], other than those just listed, be referred to using their registered names; other encodings SHOULD use names starting with an "x-" prefix."
+ In addition, this should be checked later for Document and Entity nodes.
+ -->
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For the document
+   <dd>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
+   <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
+   raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+   <dd>If the document does not contain the document type declaration, or
+   if it does but the document type definition does not contain entity
+   declaration for any of <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>,
+   <code>apos</code>, or <code>quot</code>, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
+   <!--
+     <q>For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities
+     amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined
+     Entities.</q>
+   -->
+ <dt>For the document type declaration
+   <dd class=ed>@@ read external entity
+   <dd>The <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code>
+   node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> contain a <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object
+   whose first five items are as follows:
+     <ol start=0>
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>amp</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&amp;</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>lt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&lt;</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>gt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>></code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>quot</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>"</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>apos</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>'</code>.
+     </ol>
+ <dt>For each internal general entity declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If the
+   <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-EntityValue"><code>EntityValue</code></a>
+   part of the general entity declaration contains a bare <code>U+003C</code>
+   <code>LESS-THAN SIGN</code> (<code>&lt;</code>) character, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
+ "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
+ -->
+ <dt>For each element type declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed element type declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the element type
+   declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each attribute definition list declaration being processed by the
+ parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed attribute defintion list declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
+   definition list declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
+   raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attlist-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+   <dd>For each attribute definition in the attribute definition list
+   declaration, if there is another processed attribute definition whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
+   definition (whether or not in the same attribute definition list
+   declaration), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attrdef-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+   <!--
+     <q>For interoperability, an XML processor <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> at
+     user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration
+     is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition
+     is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error.</q>
+   -->
+ <!--
+   NOTE: <!ATTLIST a xml:space (default) #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED>
+   will not be warned.
+ -->
+ <dt>For each entity declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>Handle as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, the following
+     is applied:
+       <dl>
+       <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>lt</code> or <code>amp</code>
+         <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
+         or if the replacement text of the entity is not the escaped form of
+         <code>&lt;</code> (if <code>lt</code>) or <code>&amp;</code> (if
+         <code>amp</code>), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-double-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+           <div class="note memo informative">
+           <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
+           has to be double-escaped.
+           </div>
+       <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, or
+       <code>apos</code>
+         <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
+         or if the replacement text of the entity is not equal to or not the
+         escaped form of <code>></code> (if <code>gt</code>), <code>"</code> (if
+         <code>quot</code>), or <code>'</code> (if <code>apos</code>), then the
+         parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-single-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+           <div class="note memo informative">
+           <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
+           has to be single- or double-escaped.
+           </div>
+       </dl>
+       <!--
+         <q>If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless).</q>
+       -->
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration has to be ignored since there has already
+     been declared an entity with the same <code>Name</code> as the declaration,
+     then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise a
+     <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>
+     and abort these steps.
+     <div class="informative note memo">
+     <p>Five predefined entities, i.e. <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>,
+     <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, and <code>apos</code>, are always
+     declared implicitly and therefore any declaration for such an entity
+     always raises an
+     <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>.
+     </div>
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a parameter entity and the
+     <code>Name</code> of the entity begins with the string <code>xml</code>
+     (in any combination of upper- and lowercase letters), then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-pe-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration contains the <code>EntityValue</code>,
+     then for each occurence of any references to unparsed entities in the
+     <code>EntityValue</code>, the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-unparsed-in-ev><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+     <!--
+       <q>It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the
+       EntityValue in an entity declaration.</q>
+     -->
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, then an
+     <code>Entity</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created and
+     appended to the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the
+     <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code> node.
+     <p class=ed>Read the external entity
+     <p>If the replacement text of the entity is read, then parse the
+     replacement text as if it were referenced from the content of an
+     element (with no namespace bindings).  If no <span class=ed>@@ parse error</span>
+     is raised by the parsing process, then the nodes generated by the
+     parsing <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be appended to the <code>Entity</code>
+     node.  The parse error <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> be propagated to
+     the entire parsing process.  Other kinds of errors
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be propagated.  The first parse error
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> abort the internal parsing process.
+     <span class=ed>@@ better wording</span>
+     <p class=ed>@@ prop
+     <p>Then, the <code>Entity</code> node and its descendant
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be marked as read-only.
+   </ol>
+ <dt>For each notation declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed notation declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the notation
+   declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-uniquenotationname><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+   <!-- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#UniqueNotationName">Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name</a> -->
+ <dt>For each empty-element tag
+   <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is not declared by a processed
+   element type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each start-tag
+   <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is declared by a processed element
+   type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each attribute
+   <dd><p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
+   the attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute of the <code>Attr</code>
+   node created for the attribute.
+     <div class="note memo informative">
+     <p>That is, any entity reference has to be expanded.  Unexpanded entity
+     references in attribute values are discarded.
+     </div>
+ <dt>For each <code>xml:space</code> attribute
+   <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
+   the <code>xml:space</code> attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute
+   of the <code>Attr</code> node created for the attribute even if the
+   normalized value is different from <code>default</code> or
+   <code>preserve</code>.
+   <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 specification, the attribute specification MAY be
+   ignored. -->
+ <dt>For each parameter entity reference
+   <dd><p>Process as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
+     then:
+       <dl class=switch>
+       <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
+       contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
+       <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+       <dt>Otherwise
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+       </dl>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
+     referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
+     </ol>
+     <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in a declaration, then
+     the declaration <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be ignored <em>except</em> that
+     any error before the parameter entity <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
+     raised as usual.
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in the status portion of
+     a conditional section, then the conditional section
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be processed as if it were an
+     <code>IGNORE</code>d section.
+     <li>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> process any entity or
+     attribute-list declaration after the parameter entity reference in the DTD
+     <em>except</em> when the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute of the
+     XML declaration (if any) is set to <code>yes</code>.
+     <!-- This requirement is enforced for internal DTD subset case in
+     XML 1.0/1.1 specification (section 5.1) but not for any other cases. -->
+     <!-- According to this definition, element type declarations, notation
+     declarations, and PIs ARE processed. -->
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is the first reference to an entity
+     that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-pe><code>entity-error</code></a>.
+     <li>The <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code> <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
+     attribute of the <code>Document</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
+     set to <code>false</code>.
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For each general entity reference in an attribute value or in the content
+ of an element
+   <dd><p>Process as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li>If the <code>Name</code> of the entity reference is either
+     <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>,
+     or <code>apos</code>, then abort these steps.
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
+     then:
+       <dl class=switch>
+       <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
+       contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
+       <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+       <dt>Otherwise
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+       </dl>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
+     referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
+     </ol>
+     <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the general entity reference is the first reference to an entity
+     that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-ge><code>entity-error</code></a>.
+     <span class=ed>@@ entity declared WFC?</span>
+     <li class=ed>An unexpended entity reference node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be inserted to the current node.
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For each comment <em>outside</em> of document type declaration
+   <dd>A <code>Comment</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created
+   and inserted appropriately.
+   <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 spec, this is optional. -->
+ </dl>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> try to read any entity referenced
+ by general or parameter entity references, the external subset entity, if any,
+ and any general entity declared in the document type definition.
+ <p>In addition, the parser has to check whether the
+ following constraints are met.
+ <p><strong>Well-formedness constraints</strong>.  For each violation to
+ one of constraints below, an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error"><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>
+ <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of well-formedness
+ constraints is below:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wfc-PEinInternalSubset">Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#GIMatch">Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#uniqattspec">Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NoExternalRefs">Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#CleanAttrVals">Well-formedness constraint: No &lt; in Attribute Values</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wf-Legalchar">Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#textent">Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#norecursion">Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#indtd">Well-formedness constraint: In DTD</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><strong>Validity constraints</strong>.  For each violation to
+ one of constraints below, an
+ <a href="#xml-validity-error"><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+ <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of validity
+ constraints is below:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinMarkupDecl">Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinGroup">Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#condsec-nesting">Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-check-rmd">Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><strong>Other creteria</strong>.  For each violation to
+ one of constraints below, an
+ <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
+ <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be raised.  The list of constraints is below:
+ <ul>
+ <li><q>For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a
+ <code>choice</code>, <code>seq</code>, or <code>Mixed</code> construct, its
+ replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> contain at least one non-blank
+ character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the
+ replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be a connector (<code>|</code>
+ or <code>,</code>).</q>
+ <li><q>External parsed entities <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> each begin with a
+ text declaration.</q>
+ </ul>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> act as if it is a
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating
+ XML processor</a> for the informing of white space appearing in
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-elemcontent">element
+ content</a> (See
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-white-space">Section
+.10</a> of the XML specification).
+   <div class="note memo informative">
+   <p>In other word, the <code>isElementContentWhitespace</code> attribute
+   of <code>Text</code> nodes has to be set appropriately.  Note that the
+   value of the attribute will be set to <code>false</code> for any
+   <code>Text</code> node in the content of an element whose declaration
+   is not processed.
+   </div>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-syntax><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>
+ for any failure for matching to a production rule in the XML specification.
+ <!--
+   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#ExtSubset">Well-formedness constraint: External Subset</a>
+   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#PE-between-Decls">Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations</a>
+ -->
+ <!--
+   Inpossible to test:
+     "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME
+     headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8
+     or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"
+ -->
+ </div>
+ <div class="section" id=checking-dom>
+ <h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>
+ <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
+ <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
+ to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>
+ <div class=section id=definitions>
+ <h3>Definitions</h3>
  <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is
  the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.
  For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version
  of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>
- attribute.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose
+ attribute of the node.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose
- <code>ownerDocument</code> is set to <code>null</code>,
+ <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute is set to <code>null</code>,
- the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code>.
+ the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code><!--
+ since createDocumentType [DOM3CORE] assumes XML 1.0 [XML10TE] -->.
  For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document
  is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the
  <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>
+ </div>
+ <div class=section id=checking-components>
+ <h3>Conformance Checking Algorithms for Components</h3>
+ <p>To
+ <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title="validate an XML string">to
+ validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
+ the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in
+ the character class <a href="#class-Char10"><code>Char10</code></a>,
+ then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-illegal-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
+ class <a href="#class-CompatChar10"><code>CompatChar10</code></a>,
+ then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-compat-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
+ class <a href="#class-ControlChar10"><code>ControlChar10</code></a>,
+ then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-control-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
+ <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> contains a <code class=char>U+000D</code>
+ <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code> character, then
+ raise a
+ <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-cr><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
+ <span class=ed>@@ We should not raise duplicate errors for U+000D
+ in attribute values.  In addition, we should support a mode where
+ U+000D will be serialized as &#x000D; (so that no round-trip-error
+ will be raised).</span></li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>To
+ <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="validate a Name">validate a
+ <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
+ algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> is an empty string, then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-empty><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+ Abort these steps.</li>
+ <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
+ <var>s</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
+ <li>If the first character in <var>s</var> is a character that is
+ <em>not</em> in the character class
+ <a href="#class-NameStartChar10"><code>NameStartChar10</code></a>, then raise
+ an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-startchar><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+ <li>If a character other than the first character in <var>s</var> is a
+ character that is <em>not</em> in the character class
+ <a href="#class-NameChar10"><code>NameChar10</code></a>, then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+ <li>If <var>s</var> begins with the string <code>xml</code> (in any
+ case combination), then raise an
+ <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+ <span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,
+ <code>xml:space</code><!--, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
+ <code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,
+ pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>-->.</span><!--
+ "names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":
+ xmlns, xml-stylesheet, xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!
+ --></li>
+ <!-- COLON in Name is a lowercase "should not" in a Note of [XML10],
+ [XML11]. -->
+ <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>To
+ <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname title="validate an NCName">validate
+ an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-ncname-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
+ following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-name" title="validate a Name">Validate
+ <var>s</var> as a <code>Name</code></a>.</li>
+ <li class=ed>@@</li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>To
+ <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate
+ a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
+ following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
+ <li>If <var>pid</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in the
+ character class <a href="#class-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>, then
+ raise an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
+   <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,
+   <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
+   and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
+   characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is
+   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,
+   if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>
+   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a
+   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character
+   immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>
+   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a
+   <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
+   <span class=ed>Is this really a roundtripness problem?  XML spec
+   does only define the way to match public identifiers in fact, no
+   canonical form.</span></li>
+ </ol>
+ <p>To
+ <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier title="validate a system identifier">validate
+ a system identifier (<dfn id=var-sid><var>sid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
+ following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
+ <ol>
+   <li>If <var>sid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
+ <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate
+ <var>sid</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>
+   <li>If <var>sid</var> contains both <code class=char>U+0022</code>
+   <code class=charname>QUOTATION MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) and
+   <code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
+   (<code class=char>'</code>) characters, raise an
+   <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-sid-lit><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+   <li>If <var>sid</var> contains at least one <code class=char>U+0023</code>
+   <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>)
+   character, then raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-sid-fragment><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
+   <li class=ed>@@ If <var>sid</var> cannot be converted to a URI
+   reference, then raise a fact-level error (xml-misc-warning?).<!--
+   XML 1.0 has no conformance language for system identifier being
+   a URI reference. --></li>
+ </ol>
+ </div>
+ <div class=section id=checking-node>
+ <h3>Checking <code>Node</code></h3>
  <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to
  check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as
  following:</p>
-Line 209 
 following:</p>
+Line 824 
 following:</p>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
-     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate
+     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-attr-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Text</code> or
-     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
-     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an
-     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
+       <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
+     <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
+     <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
+     and <code>value</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is neither
+     <code>default</code> nor <code>preserve</code>, then it is an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-attr-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.<!--
+     Note that <!ATTLIST e xml:space (default|preserve) "a">...
+     <e xml:space="default"/> is conforming and valid. --></li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ xml:lang value is not a language tag [RFC 3066 or its
+     successor] or an empty string, then xml-misc-warning
+     (a "fact"-level error; not an XML error).</li>
      <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,
-     <code>manakaiAttributeType</code></li>
+     <code>manakaiAttributeType</code> (#ValueType Validity constraint: Attribute Value Type)</li>
+     <!-- xml:space MUST be declared to be valid. -->
+     <li>Let <dfn id=var-v><var>v</var></dfn> be the value of the
+     attribute <code>value</code> of <var>n</var>.</li>
+     <li>Validate the <var>n</var> against the <span class=ed>declared
+     type</span> as following:
+       <dl class=switch>
+       <dt class=ed><code>ID_ATTR</code></dt>
+         <dd>
+           <ol>
+           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
+           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is defined,</span>
+           then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-duplication><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           </ol>
+         </dd>
+       <dt class=ed>IDREF_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd>
+           <ol>
+           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
+           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
+           defined,</span> then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           </ol>
+         </dd>
+       <dt class=ed>IDREFS_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
+       <dt class=ed>ENTITY_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd>
+           <ol>
+           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
+           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           <li><span class=ed>If <code>Entity</code> <var>v</var> is NOT
+           defined,</span> then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           </ol>
+         </dd>
+       <dt class=ed>ENTITIES_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
+       <dt class=ed>NMTOKEN_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd>
+           <ol>
+           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an
+           <code>Nmtoken</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an
+           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-nmtok-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+           </ol>
+         </dd>
+       <dt class=ed>NMTOKENS_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
+       <dt class=ed>NOTATION_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
+         If not, then raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
+       <dt class=ed>ENUMERATED_ATTR</dt>
+         <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.
+         If not, then raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-enum><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>
+       <dt class=ed>@@</dt>
+       </dl>
+     </li>
+     <li>If <span class=ed>type ID and default is NOT #IMPLIED or #REQUIRED</span>, then
+     raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-default><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ #FixedAttr Validity constraint: Fixed Attribute Default</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ strict serialization error for U+000D, U+000A, and
+     U+0009 characters, leading/trailing U+0020, and U+0020{2,} string?</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>
-   <dd class=ed></dd>
+   <dd>
+     <ol>
+     <li class=ed></li>
+     <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
+     <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
+     and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),
+     (preserve|default), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
+     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
+       <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-at-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-at-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
+     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code>, enumerated values MUST
+     be declared.  If not, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-declared><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> or <code>ENUMERATED_ATTR</code>,
+     values MUST all be distinct.  If not, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-duplicate-tokens><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> on an <code>EMPTY</code>
+     element, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-notation-empty><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ #defattrvalid Validity constraint: Attribute Default Value Syntactically Correct</li>
+     </ol>
+   </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
      data</a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
-     a string <code>]]></code>, then it is a
+     a string <code>]]></code>, then raise an
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!-- "for compatibility" --></li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
      any nodes, they are in
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the
+     <li>Raise an
+     <a href="#round-trip-warning" id=rtw-comment><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>.</li>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
      data</a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
      a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character
-     <code>-</code>, then it is a
+     <code>-</code>, then raise an
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
+     "for compatibility" --></li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
      any nodes, they are in
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>
-Line 267 
 following:</p>
+Line 1000 
 following:</p>
      then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>
      match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>
-     <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is a
+     <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to
      consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
-Line 277 
 following:</p>
+Line 1010 
 following:</p>
      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by
      an <code>Element</code> node, followed
      by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
-     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is a
+     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-document-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
      <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-df-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
+       <ol>
-     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
-     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a
+       <code>Element</code>, <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>,
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <code>Comment</code>, <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
-     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>Follow the following substeps:
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
+       <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
+       <li>If <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node
+       set to <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
+       <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
+       <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of the node set to
+       <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node set to
+       <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
+       different from <code>nodeName</code> of <var>n</var>,
+       then raise an
+       <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-roottype><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li></li>
+       </ol>
+     </li>
      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
-     both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
+     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
-     <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->
+     <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node,
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
-     then it is a
+     <span class=ed>@@ publicId == null?  Or, publicId == ""</span></li>
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-dt-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
+       <ol>
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node, then it is an
-     <li class=ed>@@ <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
-     <code>elementTypes</code>, externally declared?</li>
+       <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>
+       <li>Otherwise, <!-- if n_c is not an EntityReference node, -->
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
+     <li>For each node in the <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,
+     and <code>elementTypes</code> lists of <var>n</var>,
+     <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check the
+     node</a> recursively.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ externally declared?</li>
+     <li>If the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the <code>entities</code>
+     attribute of <var>n</var> does not contain <code>Entity</code> nodes
+     whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute are <code>amp</code>,
+     <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>apos</code>, and <code>quot</code>
+     then raise
+     <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
-     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate
+     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate
      the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-element-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
+       <ol>
-     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
-     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a
+       <code>Element</code>,
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
-     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
-     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ #elementvalid Validity constraint: Element Valid</li>
+     <li>Let <var>attrs</var> be the value of the <code>attribute</code>
+     attribute of <var>n</var>.  Check conformance of <var>attrs</var>
+     as following:
+       <ol>
+       <li>If <var>attrs</var> contains an <code>Attr</code> node whose
+       <code>nodeName</code> attribute value is equal to that of another
+       <code>Attr</code> node in <var>attrs</var>, then raise an
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uniqattspec><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
+       #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec --></li>
+       <li class=ed>@@ #RequiredAttr Validity constraint: Required Attribute</li>
+       </ol>
+     </li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>
-   <dd class=ed></dd>
- <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a> <span class=ed>@@ if !notationName</span>.</li>
+     <li class=ed></li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     any nodes, they are in
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-et-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#elemdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration is provided, but this is not an error.</q></li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-element-content">For compatibility, it is an error if the content model allows an element to match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model. </q></li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ #vc-MixedChildrenUnique
+     Validity constraint: No Duplicate Types</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#attdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning if attributes are declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an error.</q></li>
+     <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
+     with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>ID</code></span> in the
+     <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
+     <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-id-per-el><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node
+     with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>NOTATION</code></span> in the
+     <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the
+     <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-notation-per><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>"For interoperability, the same Nmtoken  SHOULD NOT occur more than once in the enumerated attribute types of a single element type."</li>
+     </ol>
+   </dd>
+ <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
+ <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <code>null</code> (i.e. a
+ parsed entity)</dt>
+   <dd>
+     <ol>
+     <li>Raise an
+     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
-     both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
+     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
-     <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->
+     <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute
-     <li class=ed>@@ <code>notationName</code></li>
+     value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-entity-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
+       <ol>
-     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <code>Element</code>,
+       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
+       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
+       node, then it is an
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
+     </ol>
+   </dd>
+ <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose
+ <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <em>not</em> <code>null</code>
+ (i.e. an unparsed entity)</dt>
+   <dd>
+     <ol>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
+     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
+     the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
+     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
+     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is
+     <code>null</code>, then raise an
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
+     <code>notationName</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> as an
+     <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ #not-declared Validity constraint: Notation Declared</li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
-     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an
+     any nodes, they are in
-     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
      <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-er-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
-     a node which is <em>not</em> <code>Element</code>,
+     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-     <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
+       <ol>
-     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
+       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
-     <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is a
+       <code>Element</code>,
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
-     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
+       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
-     an <code>EntityReference</code> node, it is an
+       node, then it is an
-     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node">Check each node</a>, in
+       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
-     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
+       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
-     which is different from <code>EntityReference</code> recursively.</li>
+       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
+       <li>Otherwise,
+       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
+       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
+       </ol></li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the
      <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
      <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
      the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate
-     both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
+     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
      any nodes, they are in
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
+     <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to the string
-     <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
+     <code>xml</code> in any case combination, then raise a
-     <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to
-     <code>XML</code> case-insensitively, then it is a
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the
+     <li>Otherwise, <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate the
-     <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
+     <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
+     <li>Then,
+     <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">validate
+     the <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
      data</a>.</li>
-     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
+     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains a string
-     a string <code>?></code>, or starts with either
+     <code>?></code>, then raise a
-     <code class=char>U+0009</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code>,
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-pic><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-     <code class=char>U+000D</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>
+     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value starts with either
-     character, then it is a
+     <code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
-     <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-data><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
+     TABULATION</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE
+     FEED</code>, <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
+     RETURN</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>
+     <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, then raise a
+     <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-s><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
-     any nodes, they are in
+     any nodes, then raise an
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ Warn if not declared
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>
    <dd>
      <ol>
-     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the
+     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the
      <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
      data</a>.</li>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
      any nodes, they are in
-     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>s.</li>
+     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>Otherwise</dt>
    <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>
  </dl>
- <p>The algorithm
+ </div>
- <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title-"to validate an XML character data">to
- validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> character data
- (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as following:</p>
- <ol>
- <li class=ed>@@</li>
- </ol>
- <p>The algorithm
+ </div>
- <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="to validate a Name">to validate a
- <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined
- as following:</p>
- <ol>
- <li class=ed>@@</li>
- </ol>
- <p>The algorithm
+ <div id=classes class=section>
- <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname title="to validate an NCName">to
+ <h2>Character Classes</h2>
- validate an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn>
- is defined as following:</p>
- <ol>
- <li class=ed>@@</li>
- </ol>
- <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate
+ <p>This section defines a couple of character classes.
- a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
+ These classes are referred to by algorithms specified above.</p>
- algorithm below <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
- <ol>
-   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains any character
-   that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | #xD | #xA |
-   [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,
-   then it is an
-   <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
-   <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,
-   <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
-   and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
-   characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is
-   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,
-   if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>
-   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a
-   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character
-   immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>
-   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a
-   <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
-   <li class=ed>@@ Should we check formal-public-identifierness?</li>
- </ol>
+ <p>Character class <dfn id=class-Char10><code>Char10</code></dfn>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
+ TABULATION</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
+ RETURN</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>
+ .. <code class=char>U+D7FF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+E000</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFD</code>
+ <code class=charname>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+10000</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Char"><code>Char</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
  </div>
- <div class="section" id="examples">
+ <p>Character class <dfn id=class-CompatChar10><code>CompatChar10</code></dfn>
- <h2>Examples</h2>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
- <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
+ <li class=ed>@@ <q>Document authors are encouraged to avoid "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8 of [Unicode @@ Unicode 2.0 @@] (see also D21 in section 3.6 of [Unicode3]).</q></li>
+ </ul>
- <div class="ed issue">
+ <p>Character class <dfn id=class-ControlChar10><code>ControlChar10</code></dfn>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><code class=char>U+007F</code> <code class=charname>DELETE</code> ..
+ <code class=char>U+0084</code> <code class=charname>INDEX</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0086</code> <code class=charname>START OF SELECTED
+ AREA</code> .. <code class=char>U+009F</code> <code class=charname>APPLICATION
+ PROGRAM COMMAND</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+FDD0</code> .. <code class=char>U+FDEF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+1FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+1FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+2FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+2FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+3FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+3FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+4FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+4FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+5FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+5FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+6FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+6FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+7FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+7FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+8FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+8FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+9FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+9FFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+AFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+AFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+BFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+BFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+CFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+CFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+DFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+DFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+EFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+EFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+FFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFFF</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+10FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains the characters listed in the Note in
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#charsets">Section 2.2</a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>,
+ as amended by
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-4e-errata#E02">errata</a>.</p>
+ </div>
- <div class="example figure block">
+ <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameStartChar10><code>NameStartChar10</code></dfn>
- <div class="caption">...</div>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul class=ed>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the first character
+ of a string matching to the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
+ </div>
- <pre><code>...</code></pre>
+ <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameChar10><code>NameChar10</code></dfn>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li>The characters in the character class
+ <a href="#class-NameStartChar10">NameStartChar10</a>.</li>
+ <li class=ed></li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the second
+ character of a string matching to the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
  </div>
+ <p>The character class <dfn id=class-PubidChar><code>PubidChar</code></dfn>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
+ TABULATION</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
+ RETURN</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
+ (<code class=char>!</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>DOLLAR SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>$</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0024</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>#</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0025</code> <code class=charname>PERCENT SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>%</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
+ (<code class=char>'</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT PARENTHESIS</code>
+ (<code class=char>(</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0029</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
+ PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>)</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
+ (<code class=char>*</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>+</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002C</code> <code class=charname>COMMA</code>
+ (<code class=char>,</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
+ (<code class=char>-</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL STOP</code>
+ (<code class=char>.</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002F</code> <code class=charname>SOLIDUS</code>
+ (<code class=char>/</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
+ (<code class=char>0</code>) .. <code class=char>U+0039</code>
+ <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003A</code> <code class=charname>COLON</code>
+ (<code class=char>:</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003B</code> <code class=charname>SEMICOLON</code>
+ (<code class=char>;</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003D</code> <code class=charname>EQUAL SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>=</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003F</code> <code class=charname>QUESTION MARK</code>
+ (<code class=char>?</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0040</code> <code class=charname>COMMERCIAL AT</code>
+ (<code class=char>@</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
+ A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+005A</code>
+ <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
+ (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
+ (<code class=char>_</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0061</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
+ A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+007A</code>
+ <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
+ (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
  </div>
  </div>

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