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-revision 1.19 by wakaba,
Sat Dec  1 14:51:45 2007 UTC
+revision 1.29 by wakaba,
Fri Oct 17 05:57:26 2008 UTC
 Line 18
  <div class="header">
  <h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>
- <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-12-01>1 December 2007</time></h2>
+ <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2008-10-17>17 October 2008</time></h2>
  <dl class="versions-uri">
  <dt>This Version</dt>
 Line 42
        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
  </dl>
- <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
+ <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time>$B!>(B<time>2008</time> <a
      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
 Line 79 
 project.  It might be updated, replaced,
  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
+ <p>The scope of this specification is explicitly limited to the <a
+ href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
+ implementation.  It is <em>not</em> the purpose of this specification
+ to define a general guideline to parse or to check XML documents.
+ This specification does <em>not</em> try to define a new version of
+ XML at all.
+ <p>This version of the specification supports the fourth edition of
+ XML 1.0 and the second edition of XML 1.1.  The fifth edition of XML
+.0 might be supported in a later version.  XML namespaces
+ specifications is expected to be supported in a later version of this
+ specification.
  <p>Comments on this document are welcome and
  may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>
-Line 92 
 normative version.</p>
+Line 105 
 normative version.</p>
  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
- <div class="issue ed">...</div>
+ <p>This specification defines how the parsing and the conformance
+ checking of XML documents should be implemented in the <a
+ href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
+ XML parser and conformance checker.
+ <p>It is <em>not</em> the purpose of this specification to define,
+ e.g., how to parse XML documents in general; its scope is explicitly
+ limited to the <a
+ href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
+ implementation.
+ <div class="issue ed">...
+ <p>Much of invalid (well-formed or not) XML document parsing and XML document
+ / XML DOM conformance is left undefined so that this document provides a
+ guideline for conformance checkers.
+ </div>
  </div>
-Line 118 
 else in this specification is normative.
+Line 147 
 else in this specification is normative.
  <p><span class=ed>Algorithm is normative but non-normative</span>.
  In addition, the order in which <a href="#errors">errors</a> are
  raised is undefined.</p>
+ <p>This document sometimes cites parts of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0 specification
+ by hyperlinks.  When the document being processed is an <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
+ document, however, corresponding parts of the <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
+ specification should be consulted instead.</p>
  </div>
+ <div class=section id=processing-model>
+ <h2>Processing Model</h2>
+ <p>Conceptually, validation of an XML document is split into two
+ stages for the purpose of this specification: the <dfn
+ id=xml-document-parsing>XML document parsing</dfn> stage and the <dfn
+ id=dom-xml-conformance-checking>DOM XML conformance checking</dfn>
+ stage.
+ <p>The input to the XML document parsing stage is a byte sequence
+ representing the parsed XML document (and any additional metadata),
+ and the output are a DOM tree representing the XML document and zero
+ or more <a href="#error">errors</a>.  The processor that implements
+ this stage is called <dfn id=parser>parser</dfn>.  Requirements for a
+ parser are defined in the section of <a href="#parsing-xml">Parsing an
+ XML Document</a>.
+ <p>The input to the DOM XML conformance chcking stage is a DOM tree,
+ and the output are zero or more <a href="#error">errors</a>.  The
+ processor that implements this stage is called <dfn
+ id=conformance-checker>conformance checker</dfn>.  Requirements for a
+ conformance checker are defined in the section of <a
+ href="#checking-dom">Checking an XML DOM Tree</a>.
  <div class=section id=error-categories>
- <h2>Error Classification</h2>
+ <h3>Error Classification</h3>
+ <p class=ed>An <dfn id=error>error</dfn> is ...
  <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no
  xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,
-Line 205 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
+Line 265 
 can be easily serialized into a valid XM
    violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML
    specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,
    <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>
+ <dt><dfn id=misc-info><code>misc-info</code></dfn>
+   <dd><p>A <code>misc-info</code> is raised when some status information
+   on parsing or checking process that are considered useful for debugging
+   and so on is available.  It by no means implies the non-conformance of
+   the document.
  </dl>
  <div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option
  (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,
- #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>
+ #dt-interop for interoperability</p>
+ <p>TODO: XML 1.1, XML Namespace 1.0/1.1, xml:base, xml:id
+ <p>TODO: XML "error"/"fatal error" is not always non-conforming (only
+ when MUST or SHOULD).
+ </div>
+ </div>
  </div>
  <div class=section id=parsing-xml>
- <h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>
+ <h2>Parsing an <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>
+ <p>When a byte stream that represents an XML document is given to a
+ parser, it <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> create a DOM tree according to
+ relevant specifications <span class=ed>[XML10, XML11, XMLNAMES10,
+ XMLNAMES11, DOM3CORE, WEBDOMCORE, DOMDTDEF, MANAKAIDOMEXT]</span>.
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> continue the parsing of the
+ document even after a fatal error (as defined by the relavant
+ specifications) is encountered.  How the parsing ought to be continued
+ is not defined by this specification.
- <ul>
- <li>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
- <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
- <li>If the replacement text of an entity declaration is
- <code>&lt;</code>, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
- "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
- --></li>
- <li>If there is an element type declaration whose <code>Name</code>
- value is already declared, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>
- <li>If attribute definition whose <code>Name</code> is
- <code>xml:space</code> has <span class=ed>declared type different from
- (default|preserve), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-ad-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
- <span class=ed>@@ duplication with
- <a href="#xml-at-xml-space">#xml-at-xml-space</a>.<!--
- <!ATTLIST e xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED> --></span></li>
- <li>If an empty-element tag is used for an element which is <em>not</em>
- declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
- <li>If an empty-element tag is <em>not</em> used for an element which is
- declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
- <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
  <!--
+   <div class="note memo informative">
+   <p>It is expected that the XML5 specification <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
+   will define how the parser has to convert any string into DOM tree
+   completely.
+   </div>
+ -->
- #vc-PEinMarkupDecl Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting
+ <p class=ed>A future version of this specification might define the
- #wfc-PEinInternalSubset Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset
+ entire parser in terms of input stream preprocessor, tokenizer, and
- #ExtSubset Well-formedness constraint: External Subset
+ tree constructor.
- #PE-between-Decls Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations
- #GIMatch Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match
- #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec
- #NoExternalRefs Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References
- #CleanAttrVals Well-formedness constraint: No < in Attribute Values
- #vc-PEinGroup Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting
- "For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a choice, seq, or Mixed construct, its replacement text SHOULD contain at least one non-blank character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the replacement text SHOULD be a connector (| or ,)."
- "For interoperability, an XML processor MAY at user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error."
- #condsec-nesting Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting
- #wf-Legalchar Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character
- #textent Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity
- #norecursion Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion
- #indtd Well-formedness constraint: In DTD
- "External parsed entities SHOULD each begin with a text declaration."
- "It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the EntityValue in an entity declaration."
- #UniqueNotationName Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name
- @@ Need detailed review, but maybe should be in parsing phase
- #vc-check-rmd Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration
- @@ Need dtailed review
- #wf-entdeclared Well-formedness constraint: Entity Declared
- #vc-entdeclared Validity constraint: Entity Declared
- "For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined Entities."
- "If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless)."
- @@ flaged and then reported in DOM check phase
+ <p>In addition, the following requirements are applied to the parser:
- "Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY begin with the Byte Order Mark"
+ <dl class=switch>
- "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8 or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"
+ <dt>For each external entity (including the document entity and the external
+ subset entity, if any)
+   <dd>If there is a byte sequence that are not legal in the encoding in use,
+   then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-illegal-bytes><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+   <!--
+      <q>It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an
+      encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML
+      entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level
+      protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are
+      not legal in that encoding.</q>
+   -->
+   <dd>If it is the document entity or a general entity, then:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the input byte sequence for the entity begins with the
+     <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the <span class=ed>BOM flag</span> of
+     the node corresponding to the entity (the <code>Document</code> node
+     for the document entity or an <code>Entity</code> node for a general
+     entity) to <code>true</code>.
+     <!--
+       <q>Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY
+       begin with the Byte Order Mark</q>
+     -->
+     <span class=ed>@@ flag must be checked later</span>
+     <!-- <?xml encoding=""?> must be reflected to xmlEncoding; this should be
+     enforced by DOM Core spec. -->
+     </ul>
+   <dd>If it is a parameter entity or the external subset entity, then:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the character encoding of the entity is <code>UTF-16</code> but
+     the input byte stream for the entity does not begin with the
+     <abbr title="BYTE ORDER MARK" class=charname>BOM</abbr>, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-pe-bom><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+     <li class=ed>@@ encoding="" preferred name?
+ <!--
  "In an encoding declaration, the values "UTF-8", "UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2", and "ISO-10646-UCS-4" SHOULD be used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646, the values "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ... "ISO-8859-n" (where n is the part number) SHOULD be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and the values "ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", and "EUC-JP" SHOULD be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. It is RECOMMENDED that character encodings registered (as charsets) with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS], other than those just listed, be referred to using their registered names; other encodings SHOULD use names starting with an "x-" prefix."
- @@ in parsing phase
+ In addition, this should be checked later for Document and Entity nodes.
+ -->
- "It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are not legal in that encoding."
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For the document
+   <dd>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
+   <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
+   raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+   <dd>If the document does not contain the document type declaration, or
+   if it does but the document type definition does not contain entity
+   declaration for any of <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>,
+   <code>apos</code>, or <code>quot</code>, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
+   <!--
+     <q>For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities
+     amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined
+     Entities.</q>
+   -->
+ <dt>For the document type declaration
+   <dd class=ed>@@ read external entity
+   <dd>The <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code>
+   node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> contain a <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object
+   whose first five items are as follows:
+     <ol start=0>
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>amp</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&amp;</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>lt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>&lt;</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>gt</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>></code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>quot</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>"</code>.
+     <li>An <code>Entity</code> node whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute
+     is <code>apos</code>.  It contains a <code>Text</code> node whose
+     <code>data</code> attribute is set to <code>'</code>.
+     </ol>
+ <dt>For each internal general entity declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If the
+   <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-EntityValue"><code>EntityValue</code></a>
+   part of the general entity declaration contains a bare <code>U+003C</code>
+   <code>LESS-THAN SIGN</code> (<code>&lt;</code>) character, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
+ "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
  -->
+ <dt>For each element type declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed element type declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the element type
+   declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each attribute definition list declaration being processed by the
+ parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed attribute defintion list declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
+   definition list declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>
+   raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attlist-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+   <dd>For each attribute definition in the attribute definition list
+   declaration, if there is another processed attribute definition whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the attribute
+   definition (whether or not in the same attribute definition list
+   declaration), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xme-attrdef-unique><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+   <!--
+     <q>For interoperability, an XML processor <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> at
+     user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration
+     is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition
+     is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error.</q>
+   -->
+ <!--
+   NOTE: <!ATTLIST a xml:space (default) #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED>
+   will not be warned.
+ -->
+ <dt>For each entity declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>Handle as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, the following
+     is applied:
+       <dl>
+       <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>lt</code> or <code>amp</code>
+         <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
+         or if the replacement text of the entity is not the escaped form of
+         <code>&lt;</code> (if <code>lt</code>) or <code>&amp;</code> (if
+         <code>amp</code>), then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-double-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+           <div class="note memo informative">
+           <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
+           has to be double-escaped.
+           </div>
+       <dt>If the <code>Name</code> is <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, or
+       <code>apos</code>
+         <dd><p>If the entity declaration does not declare an internal entity,
+         or if the replacement text of the entity is not equal to or not the
+         escaped form of <code>></code> (if <code>gt</code>), <code>"</code> (if
+         <code>quot</code>), or <code>'</code> (if <code>apos</code>), then the
+         parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-single-escape><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+           <div class="note memo informative">
+           <p>In other word, the character in the <code>EntityValue</code>
+           has to be single- or double-escaped.
+           </div>
+       </dl>
+       <!--
+         <q>If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless).</q>
+       -->
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration has to be ignored since there has already
+     been declared an entity with the same <code>Name</code> as the declaration,
+     then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise a
+     <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>
+     and abort these steps.
+     <div class="informative note memo">
+     <p>Five predefined entities, i.e. <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>,
+     <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>, and <code>apos</code>, are always
+     declared implicitly and therefore any declaration for such an entity
+     always raises an
+     <a href="#misc-info" id=mi-ent-unique><code>misc-info</code></a>.
+     </div>
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a parameter entity and the
+     <code>Name</code> of the entity begins with the string <code>xml</code>
+     (in any combination of upper- and lowercase letters), then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-pe-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration contains the <code>EntityValue</code>,
+     then for each occurence of any references to unparsed entities in the
+     <code>EntityValue</code>, the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-unparsed-in-ev><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
+     <!--
+       <q>It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the
+       EntityValue in an entity declaration.</q>
+     -->
+     <li><p>If the entity declaration declares a general entity, then an
+     <code>Entity</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created and
+     appended to the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the
+     <code>entities</code> attribute of the <code>DocumentType</code> node.
+     <p class=ed>Read the external entity
+     <p>If the replacement text of the entity is read, then parse the
+     replacement text as if it were referenced from the content of an
+     element (with no namespace bindings).  If no <span class=ed>@@ parse error</span>
+     is raised by the parsing process, then the nodes generated by the
+     parsing <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be appended to the <code>Entity</code>
+     node.  The parse error <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> be propagated to
+     the entire parsing process.  Other kinds of errors
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be propagated.  The first parse error
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> abort the internal parsing process.
+     <span class=ed>@@ better wording</span>
+     <p class=ed>@@ prop
+     <p>Then, the <code>Entity</code> node and its descendant
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be marked as read-only.
+   </ol>
+ <dt>For each notation declaration being processed by the parser
+   <dd>If there is another processed notation declaration whose
+   <code>Name</code> is equal to the <code>Name</code> of the notation
+   declaration, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-uniquenotationname><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+   <!-- <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#UniqueNotationName">Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name</a> -->
+ <dt>For each empty-element tag
+   <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is not declared by a processed
+   element type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each start-tag
+   <dd>If the <code>Name</code> of the tag is declared by a processed element
+   type declaration as <code>EMPTY</code> content, then the parser
+   <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+   <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+ <dt>For each attribute
+   <dd><p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
+   the attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute of the <code>Attr</code>
+   node created for the attribute.
+     <div class="note memo informative">
+     <p>That is, any entity reference has to be expanded.  Unexpanded entity
+     references in attribute values are discarded.
+     </div>
+ <dt>For each <code>xml:space</code> attribute
+   <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> set the normalized value of
+   the <code>xml:space</code> attribute to the <code>value</code> attribute
+   of the <code>Attr</code> node created for the attribute even if the
+   normalized value is different from <code>default</code> or
+   <code>preserve</code>.
+   <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 specification, the attribute specification MAY be
+   ignored. -->
+ <dt>For each parameter entity reference
+   <dd><p>Process as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
+     then:
+       <dl class=switch>
+       <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
+       contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
+       <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+       <dt>Otherwise
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-pe><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+       </dl>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
+     referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
+     </ol>
+     <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in a declaration, then
+     the declaration <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be ignored <em>except</em> that
+     any error before the parameter entity <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
+     raised as usual.
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is contained in the status portion of
+     a conditional section, then the conditional section
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be processed as if it were an
+     <code>IGNORE</code>d section.
+     <li>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> process any entity or
+     attribute-list declaration after the parameter entity reference in the DTD
+     <em>except</em> when the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute of the
+     XML declaration (if any) is set to <code>yes</code>.
+     <!-- This requirement is enforced for internal DTD subset case in
+     XML 1.0/1.1 specification (section 5.1) but not for any other cases. -->
+     <!-- According to this definition, element type declarations, notation
+     declarations, and PIs ARE processed. -->
+     <li>If the parameter entity reference is the first reference to an entity
+     that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-pe><code>entity-error</code></a>.
+     <li>The <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code> <span class=ed>@@ ref</span>
+     attribute of the <code>Document</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be
+     set to <code>false</code>.
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For each general entity reference in an attribute value or in the content
+ of an element
+   <dd><p>Process as follows:
+     <ol>
+     <li>If the <code>Name</code> of the entity reference is either
+     <code>amp</code>, <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>quot</code>,
+     or <code>apos</code>, then abort these steps.
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity is <em>not</em> processed,
+     then:
+       <dl class=switch>
+       <dt>If the document contains no external entity or if the document
+       contains the <code>standalone</code> pseudo-attribute set to
+       <code>yes</code><!-- or the document contains no DTD -->
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wf-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+       <dt>Otherwise
+         <dd>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entdeclared-ge><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.
+       </dl>
+     <li>If the declaration for the entity <em>is</em> processed but the
+     referenced entity cannot be retrieved, then the parser
+     <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <span class=ed>@@ ??-error</span>.
+     </ol>
+     <p>In any of two cases above, process as follows:
+     <ul>
+     <li>If the general entity reference is the first reference to an entity
+     that is not read, then the parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an
+     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-unread-ge><code>entity-error</code></a>.
+     <span class=ed>@@ entity declared WFC?</span>
+     <li class=ed>An unexpended entity reference node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be inserted to the current node.
+     </ul>
+ <dt>For each comment <em>outside</em> of document type declaration
+   <dd>A <code>Comment</code> node <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be created
+   and inserted appropriately.
+   <!-- In XML 1.0/1.1 spec, this is optional. -->
+ </dl>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> try to read any entity
+ referenced by general or parameter entity references<!--,--> and the
+ external subset entity, if any<!--, and any general entity declared-->
+ in the document type definition.
+ <p><strong>Well-formedness constraints</strong>.  When the parser
+ detects a voilation to one of certain well-formedness constraints, it
+ <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an <a
+ href="#xml-well-formedness-error"><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
+ The list of such well-formed constraints is as follows:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wfc-PEinInternalSubset">Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#GIMatch">Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#uniqattspec">Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NoExternalRefs">Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#CleanAttrVals">Well-formedness constraint: No &lt; in Attribute Values</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#wf-Legalchar">Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#textent">Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#norecursion">Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#indtd">Well-formedness constraint: In DTD</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><strong>Validity constraints</strong>.  When the parser detects a
+ violation to one of certain validity contraints, it <em
+ class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an <a
+ href="#xml-validity-error"><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.  The
+ list of such validity constraints is as follows:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinMarkupDecl">Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-PEinGroup">Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#condsec-nesting">Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting</a>
+ <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#vc-check-rmd">Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration</a>
+ </ul>
+ <p><strong>Other creteria</strong>.  If the parser detects a violation
+ to one of certain additional constraints, it <em
+ class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise an <a
+ href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.
+ The list of such constraints is as follows:
+ <ul>
+ <li><q>For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a
+ <code>choice</code>, <code>seq</code>, or <code>Mixed</code> construct, its
+ replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> contain at least one non-blank
+ character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the
+ replacement text <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be a connector (<code>|</code>
+ or <code>,</code>).</q>
+ <li><q>External parsed entities <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> each begin with a
+ text declaration.</q>
  </ul>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> act as if it is a <a
+ href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating
+ XML processor</a> for the purpose of informing of white space
+ characters appearing in <a
+ href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-elemcontent">element
+ content</a> (See <a
+ href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-white-space">Section
+.10</a> of the XML specification).
+   <div class="note memo informative">
+   <p>In other word, the <code>isElementContentWhitespace</code> attribute
+   of <code>Text</code> nodes has to be set appropriately.  Note that the
+   value of the attribute will be set to <code>false</code> for any
+   <code>Text</code> node in the content of an element whose declaration
+   is not processed.
+   </div>
+ <p>The parser <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> raise at least one <a
+ href="#xml-well-formedness-error"
+ id=wfe-syntax><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a> if the entity
+ it parses does not match to the appropriate production rule in the XML
+ specification.  As an exception to this requirement, it <em
+ class=rfc2119>MAY</em> choose not to raise such an error if the error
+ will be raised by the conformance checker when the conformance checker
+ <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">checks</a>
+ the <code>Document</code> object produced by the parser.
+ <!--
+   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#ExtSubset">Well-formedness constraint: External Subset</a>
+   <li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#PE-between-Decls">Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations</a>
+ -->
+ <!--
+   Inpossible to test:
+     "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME
+     headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8
+     or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"
+ -->
  </div>
  <div class="section" id=checking-dom>
- <h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>
+ <h2>Checking an <abbr>XML</abbr> <abbr>DOM</abbr> Tree</h2>
  <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
  <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
-Line 367 
 character that is <em>not</em> in the ch
+Line 814 
 character that is <em>not</em> in the ch
  case combination), then raise an
  <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
  <span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,
- <code>xml:space</code>, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
+ <code>xml:space</code><!--, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
  <code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,
- pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>.</span><!--
+ pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>-->.</span><!--
  "names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":
  xmlns, xml-stylesheet, xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!
  --></li>
-Line 393 
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MU
+Line 840 
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MU
  a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
  following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
  <ol>
-   <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
+ <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>
-   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains any character
+ <li>If <var>pid</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in the
-   that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | #xD | #xA |
+ character class <a href="#class-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>, then
-   [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,
+ raise an
-   then it is an
+ <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
-   <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
    <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,
    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
-Line 414 
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MU
+Line 860 
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MU
    <span class=ed>Is this really a roundtripness problem?  XML spec
    does only define the way to match public identifiers in fact, no
    canonical form.</span></li>
-   <li class=ed>@@ Should we check formal-public-identifierness?</li>
  </ol>
  <p>To
-Line 561 
 following:</p>
+Line 1006 
 following:</p>
      <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
      <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
      and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),
-     (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
+     (preserve|default), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
      <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
      <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
-Line 716 
 following:</p>
+Line 1161 
 following:</p>
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check the
      node</a> recursively.</li>
      <li class=ed>@@ externally declared?</li>
+     <li>If the <code>NamedNodeMap</code> object in the <code>entities</code>
+     attribute of <var>n</var> does not contain <code>Entity</code> nodes
+     whose <code>nodeName</code> attribute are <code>amp</code>,
+     <code>lt</code>, <code>gt</code>, <code>apos</code>, and <code>quot</code>
+     then raise
+     <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-predefined><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>(s).
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>
-Line 903 
 parsed entity)</dt>
+Line 1354 
 parsed entity)</dt>
      <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
      any nodes, then raise an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
+     <li class=ed>@@ Warn if not declared
      </ol>
    </dd>
  <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>
-Line 996 
 as amended by
+Line 1448 
 as amended by
  contains the following characters:</p>
  <ul class=ed>
  </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the first character
+ of a string matching to the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
+ </div>
  <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameChar10><code>NameChar10</code></dfn>
  contains the following characters:</p>
-Line 1004 
 contains the following characters:</p>
+Line 1463 
 contains the following characters:</p>
  <a href="#class-NameStartChar10">NameStartChar10</a>.</li>
  <li class=ed></li>
  </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the second
+ character of a string matching to the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
+ </div>
+ <p>The character class <dfn id=class-PubidChar><code>PubidChar</code></dfn>
+ contains the following characters:</p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
+ TABULATION</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
+ RETURN</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code></li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
+ (<code class=char>!</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>DOLLAR SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>$</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0024</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>#</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0025</code> <code class=charname>PERCENT SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>%</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>
+ (<code class=char>'</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT PARENTHESIS</code>
+ (<code class=char>(</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0029</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
+ PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>)</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
+ (<code class=char>*</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>+</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002C</code> <code class=charname>COMMA</code>
+ (<code class=char>,</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
+ (<code class=char>-</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL STOP</code>
+ (<code class=char>.</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+002F</code> <code class=charname>SOLIDUS</code>
+ (<code class=char>/</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
+ (<code class=char>0</code>) .. <code class=char>U+0039</code>
+ <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003A</code> <code class=charname>COLON</code>
+ (<code class=char>:</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003B</code> <code class=charname>SEMICOLON</code>
+ (<code class=char>;</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003D</code> <code class=charname>EQUAL SIGN</code>
+ (<code class=char>=</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+003F</code> <code class=charname>QUESTION MARK</code>
+ (<code class=char>?</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0040</code> <code class=charname>COMMERCIAL AT</code>
+ (<code class=char>@</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
+ A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+005A</code>
+ <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
+ (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
+ (<code class=char>_</code>)</li>
+ <li><code class=char>U+0061</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
+ A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+007A</code>
+ <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>
+ (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div class="note memo">
+ <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
+ <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>
+ of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
+ <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
+ </div>
  </div>

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