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<div class="header">
<h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>
<h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-15>15 November 2007</time></h2>

<dl class="versions-uri">
<dt>This Version</dt>
  <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work"
      >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
<dt>Latest Version</dt>
  <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc"
      >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc</a>&gt;</code></dd>
<dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
  <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work"
      >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
<!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
<dt>Version History</dt>
  <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
</dl>
<dl class="authors" id="author">
<dt>Author</dt>
  <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"
      lang=ja>Wakaba</a>
  <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"
      >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
</dl>

<p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
    href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the <a rel="license"
href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</a>,
Version 1.2
or any later version published by the <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front$B!>(BCover Texts, and no Back$B!>(BCover
Texts.  A copy of the license is
available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
    href="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html"
    rel="license">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
</div>

<div id="abstract" class="section">
<h2>Abstract</h2>

<div class="ed issue">...</div>

</div>

<div id="status" class="section">
<h2>Status of This Document</h2>

<p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document
at the time of its publication.  Other documents
might supersede this document.</em></p>

<p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the 
<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
subproject of the 
<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a> 
project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>

<p>Comments on this document are welcome and
may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>

<p>Translations of thie document might be available.
The English version of the document is the only
normative version.</p>
</div>

<div id="introduction" class="section">
<h2>Introduction</h2>

<p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>

<div class="issue ed">...</div>


</div>

<div class="section" id="terminology">
<h2>Terminology</h2>

<p>The key words <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></q>,
<q><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></q>,
<q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></q>,
<q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></q>, and
<q><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></q> in this
document are to be interpreted as described in 
<a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 
2119</a>
<cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>

<!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
<p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
else in this specification is normative.</p>

<p><span class=ed>Algorithm is normative but non-normative</span>.
In addition, the order in which <a href="#errors">errors</a> are
raised is undefined.</p>
</div>


<div class=section id=error-categories>
<h2>Error Classification</h2>

<p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no 
xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,
then it is well-formed.  If a well-formed <code>Document</code>
node has no xml-validity-error, it is valid.</p>

<div class="note memo">
<p>A well$B!>(Bformed <code>Document</code> can be safely serialized
into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.  A valid <code>Document</code>
can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>
</div>

<p>Errors are classified into these 
<dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>

<dl id=errors>
<dt><dfn id=entity-error><code>entity-error</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd>
    <p class=ed>@@</p>
    <div class="note memo">
      <p>This <span class=ed>algorithm</span> does not support
      <abbr>DOM</abbr> tree with one or more <code>EntityReference</code>
      nodes.  It is expected that any entity references are expanded
      at the parse time and any unexpandable entity references
      make parse time errors raised so that never result in
      <abbr>DOM</abbr> tree with <code>EntityReference</code> nodes.</p>
    </div>
  </dd>
<dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
<dt><dfn id=round-trip-warning><code>round-trip-warning</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd>
    <p>A <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>
    will be raised when a construct, which might not be restored to the same
    construct when it is serialized and then re-parsed by a conforming
    processor, is encountered.</p>
    <div class="example memo">
      <p>For a <code>Comment</code> node a
      <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a> will
      be raised, since <abbr>XML</abbr> processors are not required to
      report texts of comments for applications.</p>
    </div>
  </dd>
<dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
<dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>
  <dd>An <abbr>XML</abbr> <i>error</i> (<abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite> 
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-error">error</a> /
  <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>
  <a href="@@/#dt-error">error</a>)
  that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error
  category</a>.</dd>
<dt><dfn id=xml-misc-fatal-error><code>xml-misc-fatal-error</code></dt>
  <dd>An <abbr>XML</abbr> <i>fatal error</i> (<abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite> 
  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-fatal">fatal
  error</a> / <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1
  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>
  <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)
  that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error
  category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>
<dt><dfn id=xml-misc-recommendation><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd>
    <p>An
    <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>
    will be raised if a <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em>$B!>(Blevel requirement
    in <abbr>XML</abbr> specification is not met.</p>
  </dd>
<dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>
<dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>
  <dd><p>If an <code>xml-well-formedness-error</code> is raised,
  it would not be possible to generate an XML serialization that
  would match to the appropriate production rule and that would not 
  violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML
  specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,
  <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>
</dl>

<div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option
(MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,
#dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>

</div>

<div class=section id=parsing-xml>
<h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>

<ul>
<li>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an
<abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
<li>If the replacement text of an entity declaration is
<code>&lt;</code>, then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--
"strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].
--></li>
<li>If attribute definition whose <code>Name</code> is
<code>xml:space</code> has <span class=ed>declared type different from 
(default|preserve), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-ad-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.
<span class=ed>@@ duplication with 
<a href="#xml-at-xml-space">#xml-at-xml-space</a>.<!--
<!ATTLIST e xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED> --></span></li>
<li>If an empty-element tag is used for an element which is <em>not</em>
declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
<li>If an empty-element tag is <em>not</em> used for an element which is
declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>
<!--

#vc-PEinMarkupDecl Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting
#wfc-PEinInternalSubset Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset
#ExtSubset Well-formedness constraint: External Subset
#PE-between-Decls Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations
#GIMatch Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match
#uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec
#NoExternalRefs Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References
#CleanAttrVals Well-formedness constraint: No < in Attribute Values

@@ Need detailed review, but maybe should be in parsing phase

#vc-check-rmd Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration

-->
</ul>
</div>

<div class="section" id=checking-dom>
<h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>

<p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to
<abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied
to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>

<div class=section id=definitions>
<h3>Definitions</h3>

<p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is 
the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.
For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version
of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>
attribute of the node.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose 
<code>ownerDocument</code> attribute is set to <code>null</code>,
the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code><!--
since createDocumentType [DOM3CORE] assumes XML 1.0 [XML10TE] -->.
For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document
is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the
<code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>

</div>


<div class=section id=checking-components>
<h3>Checking Components</h3>

<p>The algorithm
<dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title-"to validate an XML character data">to
validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> character data 
(<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as following:</p>
<ol>
<li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in
the character class <a href="#class-Char10"><code>Char10</code></a>, 
then raise an
<a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-illegal-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
<li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
class <a href="#class-CompatChar10"><code>CompatChar10</code></a>,
then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-compat-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
<li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character
class <a href="#class-ControlChar10"><code>ControlChar10</code></a>,
then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-control-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>
<li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>
<li>If <var>s</var> contains a <code class=char>U+000D</code>
<code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code> character, then
raise a 
<a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-cr><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.
<span class=ed>@@ We should not raise duplicate errors for U+000D
in attribute values.  In addition, we should support a mode where
U+000D will be serialized as &#x000D; (so that no round-trip-error
will be raised).</span></li>
</ol>

<p>The algorithm 
<dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="to validate a Name">to validate a 
<code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined
as following:</p>
<ol>
<li>If <var>s</var> begins with the string <code>xml</code> (in any
case combination), then raise an
<a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.
<span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,
<code>xml:space</code>, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,
<code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,
pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>.</span><!--
"names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":
xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!
--></li>
<!-- COLON in Name is a lowercase "should not" in a Note of [XML10],
[XML11]. -->
<li class=ed>@@</li>
</ol>

<p>The algorithm 
<dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname title="to validate an NCName">to 
validate an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-name><var>name</var></dfn>)</dfn> 
is defined as following:</p>
<ol>
<li class=ed>@@</li>
</ol>

<p>To <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate
a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the
algorithm below <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
<ol>
  <li>If <var>pid</var> contains any character
  that is outside of the range of <code>#x20 | #xD | #xA |
  [a-zA-Z0-9] | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]</code><!-- @@ TODO: formal def -->,
  then it is an
  <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
  <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>
  <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>, 
  <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,
  and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
  characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is
  <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,
  if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>
  <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a
  <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character
  immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>
  <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a
  <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
  <li class=ed>@@ Should we check formal-public-identifierness?</li>
</ol>

</div>

<div class=section id=checking-node>
<h3>Checking <code>Node</code></h3>

<p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to 
check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as 
following:</p>
<dl class=switch>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
    <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate
    the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-attr-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
    <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
      <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an 
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
    <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
    and <code>value</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is neither 
    <code>default</code> nor <code>preserve</code>, then it is an
    <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-attr-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.<!--
    Note that <!ATTLIST e xml:space (default|preserve) "a">...
    <e xml:space="default"/> is conforming and valid. --></li>
    <li class=ed>@@ xml:lang value is not a language tag [RFC 3066 or its
    successor] or an empty string, then xml-misc-warning
    (a "fact"-level error; not an XML error).</li>
    <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,
    <code>manakaiAttributeType</code> (#ValueType Validity constraint: Attribute Value Type)</li>
    <!-- xml:space MUST be declared to be valid. -->
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li class=ed></li>
    <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
    <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>
    and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),
    (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an
    <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the
    <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
      <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-at-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an 
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-at-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the 
    <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
    data</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
    a string <code>]]></code>, then raise an
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!-- "for compatibility" --></li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, they are in
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>Raise an
    <a href="#round-trip-warning" id=rtw-comment><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>.</li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the 
    <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
    data</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains
    a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character
    <code>-</code>, then raise an
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--
    "for compatibility" --></li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, they are in
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>If <a href="#xml-version"><abbr>XML</abbr> version</a> of <var>n</var>
    is different from <code>1.0</code> or <code>1.1</code>,
    then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>
    match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>
    <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is an
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to
    consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
    <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by
    an optional <code>DocumentType</code> node, followed
    by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
    <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by
    an <code>Element</code> node, followed
    by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or
    <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is an
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-document-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-df-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
      <code>Element</code>, <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>,
      <code>Comment</code>, <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>Follow the following substeps:
      <ol>
      <li>If <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
      <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
      <li>If <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node
      set to <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
      <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>
      <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of the node set to
      <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node set to
      <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is
      different from <code>nodeName</code> of <var>n</var>,
      then raise an
      <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-roottype><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li></li>
      </ol>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
    the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
    both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-dt-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a
      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.
      <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>
      <li>Otherwise, <!-- if n_c is not an EntityReference node, -->
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    <li class=ed>@@ <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,
    <code>elementTypes</code>, externally declared?</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from
    <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate
    the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-element-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an 
      <code>Element</code>,
      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    <li class=ed>@@ #elementvalid Validity constraint: Element Valid</li>
    <li class=ed>@@ #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li class=ed></li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, they are in
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-et-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a> <span class=ed>@@ if !notationName</span>.</li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
    the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
    both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <!-- publicId = non-null and systemId = null -->
    <li class=ed>@@ <code>notationName</code></li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-entity-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
      <code>Element</code>,
      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
      node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>For each node <dfn id=var-er-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>
    in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,
      <ol>
      <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
      <code>Element</code>,
      <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,
      <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>
      node, then it is an
      <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an
      <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an 
      <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>
      <li>Otherwise,
      <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check
      <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>
      </ol></li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">Validate the
    <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate
    the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value contains
    both <code>"</code> and <code>'</code> characters, it is a
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-system-id><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, they are in
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to the string
    <code>xml</code> in any case combination, then raise a 
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>Otherwise, <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-ncname">validate the
    <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>
    <li>Then,
    <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML character data">validate
    the <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
    data</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains a string
    <code>?></code>, then raise a 
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-pic><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value starts with either
    <code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
    TABULATION</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE
    FEED</code>, <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
    RETURN</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>
    <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, then raise a
    <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-s><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, then raise an
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>
  <dd>
    <ol>
    <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data">Validate the 
    <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character
    data</a>.</li>
    <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains
    any nodes, they are in
    <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>
    </ol>
  </dd>
<dt>Otherwise</dt>
  <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>
</dl>

</div>

</div>

<div id=classes class=section>
<h2>Character Classes</h2>

<p>This section defines a couple of character classes.
These classes are referred to by algorithms specified above.</p>

<p>Character class <dfn id=class-Char10><code>Char10</code></dfn> 
contains the following characters:</p>
<ul>
<li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER
TABULATION</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE
RETURN</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>
.. <code class=char>U+D7FF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+E000</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFD</code>
<code class=charname>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+10000</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="note memo">
<p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Char"><code>Char</code></a>
of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
<cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>
</div>

<p>Character class <dfn id=class-CompatChar10><code>CompatChar10</code></dfn> 
contains the following characters:</p>
<ul>
<li class=ed>@@ <q>Document authors are encouraged to avoid "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8 of [Unicode @@ Unicode 2.0 @@] (see also D21 in section 3.6 of [Unicode3]).</q></li>
</ul>

<p>Character class <dfn id=class-ControlChar10><code>ControlChar10</code></dfn> 
contains the following characters:</p>
<ul>
<li><code class=char>U+007F</code> <code class=charname>DELETE</code> ..
<code class=char>U+0084</code> <code class=charname>INDEX</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+0086</code> <code class=charname>START OF SELECTED
AREA</code> .. <code class=char>U+009F</code> <code class=charname>APPLICATION
PROGRAM COMMAND</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+FDD0</code> .. <code class=char>U+FDEF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+1FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+1FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+2FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+2FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+3FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+3FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+4FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+4FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+5FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+5FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+6FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+6FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+7FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+7FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+8FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+8FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+9FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+9FFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+AFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+AFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+BFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+BFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+CFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+CFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+DFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+DFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+EFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+EFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+FFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFFF</code></li>
<li><code class=char>U+10FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>
</ul>
<div class="note memo">
<p>This character class contains the characters listed in the Note in
<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#charsets">Section 2.2</a>
of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0
<cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>,
as amended by
<a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-4e-errata#E02">errata</a>.</p>
</div>

</div>

<div id="references" class="section reference">
<h2>References</h2>

<div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
<h3>Normative References</h3>

<dl>
<dt id=ref-DOM3CORE>DOM3CORE</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@ W3C DOM Level 3 Core</dd>
<dt id=ref-DOMDTDEF>DOMDTDEF</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@ manakai's extension to DOM for document type definitions</dd>
<dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in 
  <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
  <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr> 
  <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr> 
  14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119, 
  <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
  <em>This</em> version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
<dt id=ref-INFOSET>INFOSET</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
<dt id=ref-XML10">XML10</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816">Extensible
  Markup Language (<abbr>XML</abbr>) 1.0 (Fourth Edition)</a></cite>,
  <abbr>W3C</abbr> Recommendation, <time datetime=2006-08-16>16 August 
  2006</time>, edited in place <time datetime=2006-09-29>29 September
  2006</time>.  Tje latest version of the specification is available at
  <code class=uri>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml">http://www.w3.org/TR/xml</a>&gt;</code>.
  <em>This</em> version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
<dt id=ref-XML11>XML11</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
</dl>
</div>

<div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
<h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>

<dl class=ed>
<dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
  Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
  Specification</a></cite>, 
  <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
  Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
  Work in progress.  The latest version of the specification is
  available at 
  <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
<dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
  Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
  <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
  <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
  The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
  <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
<dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
  <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
  Working Draft.  Work in progress.</dd>
<dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
  <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
  <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
  The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
  <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
  The latest published version of the specification is available at
  <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
<dt id=XBL2>XBL2</dt>
  <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
  2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
  Work in progress.  The latest
  <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
  version of the specification is available at
  <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
<dt id=ref-XML5>XML5</dt>
  <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
</dl>
</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>