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1  <!DOCTYPE html>  <!DOCTYPE html>
2  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">
3  <head>  <head>
4  <title>manakai's XML Conformance Checking</title>  <title>DOM Document Type Definition Module</title>
5  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">
6  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">
 <style>  
   a[id]::before {  
     content: "[" attr(id) "]";  
     color: gray;  
     font-size: 70%;  
     font-family: Courier New, monospace;  
     vertical-align: 60%;  
   }  
 </style>  
7  </head>  </head>
8  <body class="has-abstract">  <body class="has-abstract">
9    
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>manakai's <abbr>XML</abbr> Conformance Checking</h1>  <h1>DOM Document Type Definition Module</h1>
12  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-12-01>1 December 2007</time></h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-12-01>1 December 2007</time></h2>
13    
14  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
15  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
16    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work"    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work"
17        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
18  <dt>Latest Version</dt>  <dt>Latest Version</dt>
19    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc"    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef"
20        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef</a>&gt;</code></dd>
21  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
22    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work"    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work"
23        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
24  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
25  <dt>Version History</dt>  <dt>Version History</dt>
26    <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/xmlcc/xmlcc-work.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>    <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/xml/domdtdef/domdtdef-work.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
27  </dl>  <dt id=author>Author</dt>
 <dl class="authors" id="author">  
 <dt>Author</dt>  
28    <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"    <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"
29        lang=ja>Wakaba</a>        lang=ja>Wakaba</a>
30    <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"    <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"
# Line 72  at the time of its publication.  Other d Line 61  at the time of its publication.  Other d
61  might supersede this document.</em></p>  might supersede this document.</em></p>
62    
63  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
 <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>  
 subproject of the  
64  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
65  project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
66  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
# Line 92  normative version.</p> Line 79  normative version.</p>
79    
80  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
81    
82  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <div class="issue ed">
83    <p>This is a work-in-progress specification for DOM Document Type
84    Definition module, as implemented by manakai and
85    <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2005/sw/DOM%20XML%20Document%20Type%20Definition">partially documented in the SuikaWiki</a>.</p>
86    
87    <p>...</p>
88    </div>
89    
90  </div>  </div>
91    
# Line 121  raised is undefined.</p> Line 113  raised is undefined.</p>
113  </div>  </div>
114    
115    
 <div class=section id=error-categories>  
 <h2>Error Classification</h2>  
   
 <p class=ed>If a <code>Document</code> node has no  
 xml-well-formedness-error, entity-error, and unknown-error,  
 then it is well-formed.  If a well-formed <code>Document</code>  
 node has no xml-validity-error, it is valid.</p>  
   
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>A well$B!>(Bformed <code>Document</code> can be safely serialized  
 into a well$B!>(Bformed XML document.  A valid <code>Document</code>  
 can be easily serialized into a valid XML document.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 <p class=ed>To be a conforming <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-validating">validating XML processor</a>,  
 ...</p>  
   
 <p>Errors are classified into these  
 <dfn id=error-category title="error category">error categories</dfn>:</p>  
   
 <dl id=errors>  
 <dt><dfn id=entity-error><code>entity-error</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd>  
     <p class=ed>@@</p>  
     <div class="note memo">  
       <p>This <span class=ed>algorithm</span> does not support  
       <abbr>DOM</abbr> tree with one or more <code>EntityReference</code>  
       nodes.  It is expected that any entity references are expanded  
       at the parse time and any unexpandable entity references  
       make parse time errors raised so that never result in  
       <abbr>DOM</abbr> tree with <code>EntityReference</code> nodes.</p>  
     </div>  
   </dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=round-trip-error><code>round-trip-error</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd class=ed>@@</dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=round-trip-warning><code>round-trip-warning</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd>  
     <p>A <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>  
     will be raised when a construct, which might not be restored to the same  
     construct when it is serialized and then re-parsed by a conforming  
     processor, is encountered.</p>  
     <div class="example memo">  
       <p>For a <code>Comment</code> node a  
       <a href="#round-trip-warning"><code>round-trip-warning</code></a> will  
       be raised, since <abbr>XML</abbr> processors are not required to  
       report texts of comments for applications.</p>  
     </div>  
   </dd>  
 <dt class=ed><dfn id=unknown-error><code>unknown-error</code></dfn>?</dt>  
   <dd class=ed>@@</dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-error><code>xml-misc-error</code></dt>  
   <dd>An <abbr>XML</abbr> <i>error</i> (<abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
   <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>  
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-error">error</a> /  
   <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1  
   <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>  
   <a href="@@/#dt-error">error</a>)  
   that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error  
   category</a>.</dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-fatal-error><code>xml-misc-fatal-error</code></dt>  
   <dd>An <abbr>XML</abbr> <i>fatal error</i> (<abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
   <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>  
   <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#dt-fatal">fatal  
   error</a> / <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.1  
   <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>  
   <a href="@@/#dt-fatal">fatal error</a>)  
   that is not classified to any other <a href="#error-category">error  
   category</a>. <span class=ed>@@ What errors fall into this category?</span></dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=xml-misc-recommendation><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd>  
     <p>An  
     <a href="#xml-misc-recommendation"><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>  
     will be raised if a <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em>$B!>(Blevel requirement  
     in <abbr>XML</abbr> specification is not met.</p>  
   </dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=xml-validity-error><code>xml-validity-error</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd>A violation of validity constraint in XML document.</dd>  
 <dt><dfn id=xml-well-formedness-error><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></dfn></dt>  
   <dd><p>If an <code>xml-well-formedness-error</code> is raised,  
   it would not be possible to generate an XML serialization that  
   would match to the appropriate production rule and that would not  
   violate to any well$B!>(Bformedness constraint in XML  
   specification <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>,  
   <a href="#ref-XML11">XML11</a>]</cite>.</p></dd>  
 </dl>  
   
 <div class=ed><p>@@ TODO: #dt-atuseroption at user option  
 (MAY or MUST), #dt-compat for compatibility,  
 #dt-interop for interoperability</p></div>  
   
 </div>  
   
 <div class=section id=parsing-xml>  
 <h2>Parsing <abbr>XML</abbr> Document</h2>  
   
 <ul>  
 <li>If the <abbr>XML</abbr> document does not begin with an  
 <abbr>XML</abbr> declaration, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-xml-decl><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If the replacement text of an entity declaration is  
 <code>&lt;</code>, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-entity-value-lt><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.<!--  
 "strongly advised to avoid" in a Note in Section 2.3 of [XML10], [XML11].  
 --></li>  
 <li>If there is an element type declaration whose <code>Name</code>  
 value is already declared, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-edunique><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If attribute definition whose <code>Name</code> is  
 <code>xml:space</code> has <span class=ed>declared type different from  
 (default|preserve), (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-ad-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.  
 <span class=ed>@@ duplication with  
 <a href="#xml-at-xml-space">#xml-at-xml-space</a>.<!--  
 <!ATTLIST e xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED xml:space CDATA #IMPLIED> --></span></li>  
 <li>If an empty-element tag is used for an element which is <em>not</em>  
 declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-emptyelemtag-not-empty><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If an empty-element tag is <em>not</em> used for an element which is  
 declared <code>EMPTY</code>, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-recommentation" id=xmr-empty-not-emptyelemtag><code>xml-misc-recommendation</code></a>.</li>  
 <!--  
   
 #vc-PEinMarkupDecl Validity constraint: Proper Declaration/PE Nesting  
 #wfc-PEinInternalSubset Well-formedness constraint: PEs in Internal Subset  
 #ExtSubset Well-formedness constraint: External Subset  
 #PE-between-Decls Well-formedness constraint: PE Between Declarations  
 #GIMatch Well-formedness constraint: Element Type Match  
 #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec  
 #NoExternalRefs Well-formedness constraint: No External Entity References  
 #CleanAttrVals Well-formedness constraint: No < in Attribute Values  
 #vc-PEinGroup Validity constraint: Proper Group/PE Nesting  
 "For interoperability, if a parameter-entity reference appears in a choice, seq, or Mixed construct, its replacement text SHOULD contain at least one non-blank character, and neither the first nor last non-blank character of the replacement text SHOULD be a connector (| or ,)."  
 "For interoperability, an XML processor MAY at user option issue a warning when more than one attribute-list declaration is provided for a given element type, or more than one attribute definition is provided for a given attribute, but this is not an error."  
 #condsec-nesting Validity constraint: Proper Conditional Section/PE Nesting  
 #wf-Legalchar Well-formedness constraint: Legal Character  
 #textent Well-formedness constraint: Parsed Entity  
 #norecursion Well-formedness constraint: No Recursion  
 #indtd Well-formedness constraint: In DTD  
 "External parsed entities SHOULD each begin with a text declaration."  
 "It is an error for a reference to an unparsed entity to appear in the EntityValue in an entity declaration."  
 #UniqueNotationName Validity constraint: Unique Notation Name  
   
 @@ Need detailed review, but maybe should be in parsing phase  
   
 #vc-check-rmd Validity constraint: Standalone Document Declaration  
   
 @@ Need dtailed review  
   
 #wf-entdeclared Well-formedness constraint: Entity Declared  
 #vc-entdeclared Validity constraint: Entity Declared  
 "For interoperability, valid documents SHOULD declare the entities amp, lt, gt, apos, quot, in the form specified in 4.6 Predefined Entities."  
 "If the entities lt or amp are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is a character reference to the respective character (less-than sign or ampersand) being escaped; the double escaping is REQUIRED for these entities so that references to them produce a well-formed result. If the entities gt, apos, or quot are declared, they MUST be declared as internal entities whose replacement text is the single character being escaped (or a character reference to that character; the double escaping here is OPTIONAL but harmless)."  
   
 @@ flaged and then reported in DOM check phase  
   
 "Entities encoded in UTF-16 MUST and entities encoded in UTF-8 MAY begin with the Byte Order Mark"  
 "In the absence of external character encoding information (such as MIME headers), parsed entities which are stored in an encoding other than UTF-8 or UTF-16 MUST begin with a text declaration"  
 "In an encoding declaration, the values "UTF-8", "UTF-16", "ISO-10646-UCS-2", and "ISO-10646-UCS-4" SHOULD be used for the various encodings and transformations of Unicode / ISO/IEC 10646, the values "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-2", ... "ISO-8859-n" (where n is the part number) SHOULD be used for the parts of ISO 8859, and the values "ISO-2022-JP", "Shift_JIS", and "EUC-JP" SHOULD be used for the various encoded forms of JIS X-0208-1997. It is RECOMMENDED that character encodings registered (as charsets) with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority [IANA-CHARSETS], other than those just listed, be referred to using their registered names; other encodings SHOULD use names starting with an "x-" prefix."  
   
 @@ in parsing phase  
   
 "It is a fatal error when an XML processor encounters an entity with an encoding that it is unable to process. It is a fatal error if an XML entity is determined (via default, encoding declaration, or higher-level protocol) to be in a certain encoding but contains byte sequences that are not legal in that encoding."  
   
 -->  
 </ul>  
 </div>  
   
 <div class="section" id=checking-dom>  
 <h2>Checking <abbr>DOM</abbr></h2>  
   
 <p>The following algorithms and definitions are applied to  
 <abbr>XML</abbr> documents; especially, they are not applied  
 to <abbr>HTML</abbr> documents.<!-- TODO: ref to HTML5 --></p>  
   
 <div class=section id=definitions>  
 <h3>Definitions</h3>  
   
 <p>The <dfn id=xml-version><abbr>XML</abbr> version</dfn> of a node is  
 the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document to which the node belongs.  
 For a <code>Documemt</code> node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version  
 of the document is the value of the <code>xmlVersion</code>  
 attribute of the node.  For a <code>DocumentType</code> node whose  
 <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute is set to <code>null</code>,  
 the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document is <code>1.0</code><!--  
 since createDocumentType [DOM3CORE] assumes XML 1.0 [XML10TE] -->.  
 For any other node, the <abbr>XML</abbr> version of the document  
 is that of the <code>Document</code> node contained in the  
 <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of the node.</p>  
   
 </div>  
   
   
 <div class=section id=checking-components>  
 <h3>Conformance Checking Algorithms for Components</h3>  
   
 <p>To  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data title="validate an XML string">to  
 validate an <abbr>XML</abbr> string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>,  
 the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in  
 the character class <a href="#class-Char10"><code>Char10</code></a>,  
 then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-illegal-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character  
 class <a href="#class-CompatChar10"><code>CompatChar10</code></a>,  
 then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-compat-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> contains a character that is in the character  
 class <a href="#class-ControlChar10"><code>ControlChar10</code></a>,  
 then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-control-char><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.</li>  
 <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> contains a <code class=char>U+000D</code>  
 <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code> character, then  
 raise a  
 <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-cr><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.  
 <span class=ed>@@ We should not raise duplicate errors for U+000D  
 in attribute values.  In addition, we should support a mode where  
 U+000D will be serialized as &#x000D; (so that no round-trip-error  
 will be raised).</span></li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>To  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-name title="validate a Name">validate a  
 <code>Name</code> (<dfn id=var-name-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following  
 algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> is an empty string, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-empty><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.  
 Abort these steps.</li>  
 <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate  
 <var>s</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>  
 <li>If the first character in <var>s</var> is a character that is  
 <em>not</em> in the character class  
 <a href="#class-NameStartChar10"><code>NameStartChar10</code></a>, then raise  
 an  
 <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-startchar><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If a character other than the first character in <var>s</var> is a  
 character that is <em>not</em> in the character class  
 <a href="#class-NameChar10"><code>NameChar10</code></a>, then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-name-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
 <li>If <var>s</var> begins with the string <code>xml</code> (in any  
 case combination), then raise an  
 <a href="#xml-misc-warning" id=xmw-reserved-name><code>xml-misc-warning</code></a>.  
 <span class=ed>@@ except for attribute names <code>xml:lang</code>,  
 <code>xml:space</code>, <code>xml:base</code>, <code>xml:id</code>,  
 <code>xmlns</code>, <code>xmlns:<var>*</var></code>,  
 pi name <code>xml-stylesheet</code>.</span><!--  
 "names beginning with a match to (('X'|'x')('M'|'m')('L'|'l')) are reserved for standardization in this or future versions of this specification.":  
 xmlns, xml-stylesheet, xml:base and xml:id specifications violate to this sentense!  
 --></li>  
 <!-- COLON in Name is a lowercase "should not" in a Note of [XML10],  
 [XML11]. -->  
 <li class=ed>@@ XML 1.1 support</li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>To  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname title="validate an NCName">validate  
 an <code>NCName</code> (<dfn id=var-ncname-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the  
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-name" title="validate a Name">Validate  
 <var>s</var> as a <code>Name</code></a>.</li>  
 <li class=ed>@@</li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>To  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier title="validate a public identifier">validate  
 a public identifier (<dfn id=var-pid><var>pid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the  
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
 <li>If <var>pid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>  
 <li>If <var>pid</var> contains a character that is <em>not</em> in the  
 character class <a href="#class-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>, then  
 raise an  
 <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pubid-char><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
   <li>If <var>pid</var> contains one of <code class=char>U+0009</code>  
   <code class=charname>CHARACTER TABULATION</code>,  
   <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>,  
   and <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>  
   characters, if the first character of <var>pid</var> is  
   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character,  
   if the last character of <var>pid</var> is <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, or if there is a  
   <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character  
   immediately followed by another <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
   <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character in <var>pid</var>, then it is a  
   <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pubid-space><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.  
   <span class=ed>Is this really a roundtripness problem?  XML spec  
   does only define the way to match public identifiers in fact, no  
   canonical form.</span></li>  
 </ol>  
   
 <p>To  
 <dfn id=algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier title="validate a system identifier">validate  
 a system identifier (<dfn id=var-sid><var>sid</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the  
 following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>  
 <ol>  
   <li>If <var>sid</var> is <code>null</code>, abort these steps.</li>  
 <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate  
 <var>sid</var> as an <abbr>XML</abbr> string</a>.</li>  
   <li>If <var>sid</var> contains both <code class=char>U+0022</code>  
   <code class=charname>QUOTATION MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) and  
   <code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>  
   (<code class=char>'</code>) characters, raise an  
   <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-sid-lit><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
   <li>If <var>sid</var> contains at least one <code class=char>U+0023</code>  
   <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>)  
   character, then raise an  
   <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-sid-fragment><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>  
   <li class=ed>@@ If <var>sid</var> cannot be converted to a URI  
   reference, then raise a fact-level error (xml-misc-warning?).<!--  
   XML 1.0 has no conformance language for system identifier being  
   a URI reference. --></li>  
 </ol>  
   
 </div>  
   
 <div class=section id=checking-node>  
 <h3>Checking <code>Node</code></h3>  
   
 <p>The algorithm <dfn title="to check a node" id=algorithm-to-check-a-node>to  
 check a node (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn> is defined as  
 following:</p>  
 <dl class=switch>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Attr</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from  
     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate  
     the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-attr-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the  
     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a  
       <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-attr-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-attr-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is  
     <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>  
     and <code>value</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is neither  
     <code>default</code> nor <code>preserve</code>, then it is an  
     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-attr-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.<!--  
     Note that <!ATTLIST e xml:space (default|preserve) "a">...  
     <e xml:space="default"/> is conforming and valid. --></li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ xml:lang value is not a language tag [RFC 3066 or its  
     successor] or an empty string, then xml-misc-warning  
     (a "fact"-level error; not an XML error).</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ <code>specified</code>,  
     <code>manakaiAttributeType</code> (#ValueType Validity constraint: Attribute Value Type)</li>  
     <!-- xml:space MUST be declared to be valid. -->  
     <li>Let <dfn id=var-v><var>v</var></dfn> be the value of the  
     attribute <code>value</code> of <var>n</var>.</li>  
     <li>Validate the <var>n</var> against the <span class=ed>declared  
     type</span> as following:  
       <dl class=switch>  
       <dt class=ed><code>ID_ATTR</code></dt>  
         <dd>  
           <ol>  
           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an  
           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an  
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is defined,</span>  
           then raise an    
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-duplication><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           </ol>  
         </dd>  
       <dt class=ed>IDREF_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd>  
           <ol>  
           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an  
           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an  
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           <li><span class=ed>If <code>ID</code> <var>v</var> is NOT  
           defined,</span> then raise an    
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-idref-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           </ol>  
         </dd>  
       <dt class=ed>IDREFS_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>  
       <dt class=ed>ENTITY_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd>  
           <ol>  
           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an  
           <code>Name</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an  
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           <li><span class=ed>If <code>Entity</code> <var>v</var> is NOT  
           defined,</span> then raise an    
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-entname-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           </ol>  
         </dd>  
       <dt class=ed>ENTITIES_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>  
       <dt class=ed>NMTOKEN_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd>  
           <ol>  
           <li><span class=ed>Validate <var>v</var> as an  
           <code>Nmtoken</code>.</span>  If it fails, then raise an  
           <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-nmtok-name><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
           </ol>  
         </dd>  
       <dt class=ed>NMTOKENS_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd class=ed>@@</dd>  
       <dt class=ed>NOTATION_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.  
         If not, then raise an  
         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-match><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>  
       <dt class=ed>ENUMERATED_ATTR</dt>  
         <dd class=ed><var>v</var> must be one of enumerated values.  
         If not, then raise an  
         <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-enum><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</dd>  
       <dt class=ed>@@</dt>  
       </dl>  
     </li>  
     <li>If <span class=ed>type ID and default is NOT #IMPLIED or #REQUIRED</span>, then  
     raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-id-default><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ #FixedAttr Validity constraint: Fixed Attribute Default</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ strict serialization error for U+000D, U+000A, and  
     U+0009 characters, leading/trailing U+0020, and U+0020{2,} string?</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li class=ed></li>  
     <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is  
     <code>xml:space</code> <span class=ed>@@ or {xml namespace}:space ?</span>  
     and <span class=ed>its declared type is different from (default|preserve),  
     (default), or (preserve)</span>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-misc-error" id=xme-at-xml-space><code>xml-misc-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-ad-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn> in the  
     <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a  
       <code>Text</code> or <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-at-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-at-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code>, enumerated values MUST  
     be declared.  If not, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-notatn-declared><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> or <code>ENUMERATED_ATTR</code>,  
     values MUST all be distinct.  If not, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-duplicate-tokens><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>If <code>NOTATION_ATTR</code> on an <code>EMPTY</code>  
     element, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-no-notation-empty><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ #defattrvalid Validity constraint: Attribute Default Value Syntactically Correct</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>CDATASection</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the  
     <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character  
     data</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains  
     a string <code>]]></code>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-mse><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!-- "for compatibility" --></li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-cs-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Comment</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>Raise an  
     <a href="#round-trip-warning" id=rtw-comment><code>round-trip-warning</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the  
     <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character  
     data</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains  
     a string <code>--</code>, or if it ends with a character  
     <code>-</code>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-com><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--  
     "for compatibility" --></li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-comment-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Document</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>If <a href="#xml-version"><abbr>XML</abbr> version</a> of <var>n</var>  
     is different from <code>1.0</code> or <code>1.1</code>,  
     then it is an <code class=ed>unknown-error?</code>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>xmlEncoding</code> attribute value does <em>not</em>  
     match to <code>[A-Za-z] ([A-Za-z0-9._] | '-')*</code>  
     <span class=ed>@@ formal def</span>, then it is an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-encoding><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>The <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> have to  
     consist of zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or  
     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by  
     an optional <code>DocumentType</code> node, followed  
     by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or  
     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes, followed by  
     an <code>Element</code> node, followed  
     by zero or more <code>Comment</code> and/or  
     <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> nodes.  Any violation to this is an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-document-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-document-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ <code>allDeclarationsProcessed</code></li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentFragment</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-df-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>Element</code>, <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>,  
       <code>Comment</code>, <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-df-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-df-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>DocumentType</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>Follow the following substeps:  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is  
       <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>  
       <li>If <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node  
       set to <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is  
       <code>null</code>, then abort these substeps.</li>  
       <li>If <code>nodeName</code> attribute of the node set to  
       <code>documentElement</code> attribute of the node set to  
       <code>ownerDocument</code> attribute of <var>n</var> is  
       different from <code>nodeName</code> of <var>n</var>,  
       then raise an  
       <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-roottype><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li></li>  
       </ol>  
     </li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate  
     the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate  
     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is  
     <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute  
     value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.  
     <span class=ed>@@ publicId == null?  Or, publicId == ""</span></li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-dt-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> a  
       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-dt-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.  
       <span class=ed>@@ ref to manakai's extensions</span></li>  
       <li>Otherwise, <!-- if n_c is not an EntityReference node, -->  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recusrively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     <li>For each node in the <code>entities</code>, <code>notations</code>,  
     and <code>elementTypes</code> lists of <var>n</var>,  
     <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check the  
     node</a> recursively.</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ externally declared?</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Element</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>localName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>prefix</code> attribute value is different from  
     <code>null</code>, then <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate  
     the <code>prefix</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-element-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>Element</code>,  
       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,  
       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-element-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-element-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ #elementvalid Validity constraint: Element Valid</li>  
     <li>Let <var>attrs</var> be the value of the <code>attribute</code>  
     attribute of <var>n</var>.  Check conformance of <var>attrs</var>  
     as following:  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>attrs</var> contains an <code>Attr</code> node whose  
       <code>nodeName</code> attribute value is equal to that of another  
       <code>Attr</code> node in <var>attrs</var>, then raise an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uniqattspec><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.<!--  
       #uniqattspec Well-formedness constraint: Unique Att Spec --></li>  
       <li class=ed>@@ #RequiredAttr Validity constraint: Required Attribute</li>  
       </ol>  
     </li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>ElementTypeDefinition</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li class=ed></li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-et-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#elemdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning when a declaration mentions an element type for which no declaration is provided, but this is not an error.</q></li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#sec-element-content">For compatibility, it is an error if the content model allows an element to match more than one occurrence of an element type in the content model. </q></li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ #vc-MixedChildrenUnique  
     Validity constraint: No Duplicate Types</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ <q cite="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#attdecls">At user option, an XML processor MAY issue a warning if attributes are declared for an element type not itself declared, but this is not an error.</q></li>  
     <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node  
     with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>ID</code></span> in the  
     <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the  
     <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-id-per-el><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If there is more than one <code>AttributeDefinition</code> node  
     with <span class=ed>attribute type <code>NOTATION</code></span> in the  
     <code>NamedNodeMap</code> list contained in the  
     <code>attributeDefinitions</code> attribute of <var>n</var>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-validity-error" id=vc-one-notation-per><code>xml-validity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>"For interoperability, the same Nmtoken  SHOULD NOT occur more than once in the enumerated attribute types of a single element type."</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose  
 <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <code>null</code> (i.e. a  
 parsed entity)</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>Raise an  
     <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate  
     the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate  
     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>publicId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is  
     <em>not</em> <code>null</code> and the <code>systemId</code> attribute  
     value of <var>n</var> is <code>null</code>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-entity-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>Element</code>,  
       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,  
       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>  
       node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-entity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>Entity</code> node whose  
 <code>notationName</code> attribute value is <em>not</em> <code>null</code>  
 (i.e. an unparsed entity)</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate  
     the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate  
     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>systemId</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> is  
     <code>null</code>, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-sid><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>notationName</code> attribute value of <var>n</var> as an  
     <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li class=ed>@@ #not-declared Validity constraint: Notation Declared</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-uentity-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is an <code>EntityReference</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>An <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-er-node><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>For each node <dfn id=var-er-nc><var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></dfn>  
     in the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var>,  
       <ol>  
       <li>If <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>Element</code>,  
       <code>Text</code>, <code>CDATASection</code>, <code>Comment</code>,  
       <code>ProcessingInstruction</code>, or <code>EntityReference</code>  
       node, then it is an  
       <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-er-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise, if <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var> is <em>not</em> an  
       <code>EntityReference</code> node, then it is an  
       <a href="#entity-error" id=ee-entity-er><code>entity-error</code></a>.</li>  
       <li>Otherwise,  
       <a href="#algorithm-to-check-a-node" title="check a node">check  
       <var>n<sub><var>c</var></sub></var></a> recursively.</li>  
       </ol></li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Notation</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">Validate the  
     <code>nodeName</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-public-identifier" title="validate a public identifier">Validate  
     the <code>publicId</code> attribute value as a public identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-a-system-identifier" title="validate a system identifier">Validate  
     the <code>systemId</code> attribute value as a system identifier</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-notation-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>ProcessingInstruction</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li>If the <code>target</code> attribute value matches to the string  
     <code>xml</code> in any case combination, then raise a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-xml><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>Otherwise, <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-ncname">validate the  
     <code>target</code> attribute value as an <code>NCName</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>Then,  
     <a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">validate  
     the <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character  
     data</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value contains a string  
     <code>?></code>, then raise a  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-pic><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>data</code> attribute value starts with either  
     <code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER  
     TABULATION</code>, <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE  
     FEED</code>, <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE  
     RETURN</code>, or <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
     <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character, then raise a  
     <a href="#round-trip-error" id=rte-pi-s><code>round-trip-error</code></a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, then raise an  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-pi-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>If <var>n</var> is a <code>Text</code> node</dt>  
   <dd>  
     <ol>  
     <li><a href="#algorithm-to-validate-an-xml-character-data" title="validate an XML string">Validate the  
     <code>data</code> attribute value as an <abbr>XML</abbr> character  
     data</a>.</li>  
     <li>If the <code>childNodes</code> list of <var>n</var> contains  
     any nodes, they are in  
     <a href="#xml-well-formedness-error" id=wfe-text-child><code>xml-well-formedness-error</code></a>.</li>  
     </ol>  
   </dd>  
 <dt>Otherwise</dt>  
   <dd><span class=ed>xml-well-formedness-error?  unknown-error?</span></dd>  
 </dl>  
   
 </div>  
   
 </div>  
   
 <div id=classes class=section>  
 <h2>Character Classes</h2>  
   
 <p>This section defines a couple of character classes.  
 These classes are referred to by algorithms specified above.</p>  
   
 <p>Character class <dfn id=class-Char10><code>Char10</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER  
 TABULATION</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE  
 RETURN</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>  
 .. <code class=char>U+D7FF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+E000</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFD</code>  
 <code class=charname>REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+10000</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>  
 </ul>  
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Char"><code>Char</code></a>  
 of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 <p>Character class <dfn id=class-CompatChar10><code>CompatChar10</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul>  
 <li class=ed>@@ <q>Document authors are encouraged to avoid "compatibility characters", as defined in section 6.8 of [Unicode @@ Unicode 2.0 @@] (see also D21 in section 3.6 of [Unicode3]).</q></li>  
 </ul>  
   
 <p>Character class <dfn id=class-ControlChar10><code>ControlChar10</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul>  
 <li><code class=char>U+007F</code> <code class=charname>DELETE</code> ..  
 <code class=char>U+0084</code> <code class=charname>INDEX</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0086</code> <code class=charname>START OF SELECTED  
 AREA</code> .. <code class=char>U+009F</code> <code class=charname>APPLICATION  
 PROGRAM COMMAND</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+FDD0</code> .. <code class=char>U+FDEF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+1FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+1FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+2FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+2FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+3FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+3FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+4FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+4FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+5FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+5FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+6FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+6FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+7FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+7FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+8FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+8FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+9FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+9FFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+AFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+AFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+BFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+BFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+CFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+CFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+DFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+DFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+EFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+EFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+FFFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+FFFFF</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+10FFFE</code> .. <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code></li>  
 </ul>  
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>This character class contains the characters listed in the Note in  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#charsets">Section 2.2</a>  
 of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>,  
 as amended by  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/XML/xml-V10-4e-errata#E02">errata</a>.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameStartChar10><code>NameStartChar10</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul class=ed>  
 </ul>  
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the first character  
 of a string matching to the production rule  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>  
 of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 <p>The character class <dfn id=class-NameChar10><code>NameChar10</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul>  
 <li>The characters in the character class  
 <a href="#class-NameStartChar10">NameStartChar10</a>.</li>  
 <li class=ed></li>  
 </ul>  
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>This character class contains all characters allowed as the second  
 character of a string matching to the production rule  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-Name"><code>Name</code></a>  
 of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 <p>The character class <dfn id=class-PubidChar><code>PubidChar</code></dfn>  
 contains the following characters:</p>  
 <ul>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0009</code> <code class=charname>CHARACTER  
 TABULATION</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE  
 RETURN</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code></li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>  
 (<code class=char>!</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>DOLLAR SIGN</code>  
 (<code class=char>$</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0024</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>  
 (<code class=char>#</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0025</code> <code class=charname>PERCENT SIGN</code>  
 (<code class=char>%</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0027</code> <code class=charname>APOSTROPHE</code>  
 (<code class=char>'</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT PARENTHESIS</code>  
 (<code class=char>(</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0029</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT  
 PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>)</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>  
 (<code class=char>*</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>  
 (<code class=char>+</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002C</code> <code class=charname>COMMA</code>  
 (<code class=char>,</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>  
 (<code class=char>-</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL STOP</code>  
 (<code class=char>.</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+002F</code> <code class=charname>SOLIDUS</code>  
 (<code class=char>/</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>  
 (<code class=char>0</code>) .. <code class=char>U+0039</code>  
 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+003A</code> <code class=charname>COLON</code>  
 (<code class=char>:</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+003B</code> <code class=charname>SEMICOLON</code>  
 (<code class=char>;</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+003D</code> <code class=charname>EQUAL SIGN</code>  
 (<code class=char>=</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+003F</code> <code class=charname>QUESTION MARK</code>  
 (<code class=char>?</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0040</code> <code class=charname>COMMERCIAL AT</code>  
 (<code class=char>@</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER  
 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+005A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>  
 (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>  
 (<code class=char>_</code>)</li>  
 <li><code class=char>U+0061</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER  
 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) .. <code class=char>U+007A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code>  
 (<code class=char>Z</code>)</li>  
 </ul>  
 <div class="note memo">  
 <p>This character class contains all characters allowed in the production rule  
 <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/#NT-PubidChar"><code>PubidChar</code></a>  
 of <abbr>XML</abbr> 1.0  
 <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-XML10">XML10</a>]</cite>.</p>  
 </div>  
   
 </div>  
116    
117  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
118  <h2>References</h2>  <h2>References</h2>
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