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revision 1.6 by wakaba, Tue Oct 2 10:13:58 2007 UTC revision 1.21 by wakaba, Mon Nov 5 11:08:05 2007 UTC
# Line 10  Line 10 
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)
12  Specification</h1>  Specification</h1>
13  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-10-02>2 October 2007</time></h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-05>5 November 2007</time></h2>
14    
15  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
16  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 63  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a Line 63  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
63  at the time of its publication.  Other documents  at the time of its publication.  Other documents
64  might supersede this document.</em></p>  might supersede this document.</em></p>
65    
66  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
67    <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
68    subproject
69  of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>  of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
70  project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
71  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
# Line 80  normative version.</p> Line 82  normative version.</p>
82  <div id="introduction" class="section">  <div id="introduction" class="section">
83  <h2>Introduction</h2>  <h2>Introduction</h2>
84    
85  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non-normative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
86    
87  <p>Selectors  <p>Selectors
88  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
# Line 96  in a tree structure and are used in Web Line 98  in a tree structure and are used in Web
98  <abbr>API</abbr></a>  <abbr>API</abbr></a>
99  <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
100    
101  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <p>It is so flexible language that a conceptually same pattern
102    can be represented in inifnite numbers of instances of selectors.
103    It might be convinient for e.g. validation of a test result to
104    define a subset of the language, in which no semantically equivalent
105    selectors are contained.</p>
106    
107  <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The  <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
108  <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>  <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
# Line 109  attribute.  However, the algorithm is in Line 115  attribute.  However, the algorithm is in
115  <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.    <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.  
116  Note that current Web browser implementations  Note that current Web browser implementations
117  of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken  of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
118  in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p>  in not escaping unsafe identifiers and therefore it is not wise
119    to deploy that format for testing.</p>
120    
121  </div>  </div>
122    
123  <div class="section" id="terminology">  <div class="section" id="terminology">
124  <h2>Terminology</h2>  <h2>Terminology</h2>
125    
126  <p>The key words <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></q>,  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
127  <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
128  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>, and
129  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></q>, and  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
 <q><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></q> in this  
130  document are to be interpreted as described in  document are to be interpreted as described in
131  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
132  2119</a>  2119</a>
133  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
134    
135    <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
136    interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
137    used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
138    
139    <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
140    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
141    result is equivalent.</p>
142    
143  <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->  <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
144  <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non-normative,  <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
145  as are all sections explicitly marked non-normative.  Everything  as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
146  else in this specification is normative.</p>  else in this specification is normative.</p>
147    
148    <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
149    referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
150    selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
151    simple selector in a selector.</p>
152  </div>  </div>
153    
154  <div class="section" id="serializing">  <div class="section" id="serializing">
155  <h2>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h2>  <h2>Serializing Selectors in
156    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
157    Representation</h2>
158    
159    <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
160    to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
161    selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
162    a group of selectors</a>.</p>
163    
164    <div class="note memo">
165    <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
166    </div>
167    
168    <div class="ed issue"><p>TODO: link terms to Selectors</p></div>
169    
170    <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
171    <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
172    
173    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalize
174    a string (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>) as an <code>IDENT</code></dfn>,
175    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
176    <ol>
177    <li>If <var>n</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a <code>HASH</code>,
178    replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following characters) in
179    <var>n</var> by characters represented by them respectively.</li>
180    <li>If <var>n</var> is a <code>HASH</code>, remove the leading
181    <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
182    (<code class=char>#</code>) character from <var>n</var>.</li>
183    <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
184    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
185    (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
186    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
187    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
188    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
189    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
190    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
191    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
192    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
193    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
194    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
195    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
196    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
197    <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
198    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
199    <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
200    <dfn id=var-ident-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase
201    zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
202    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
203    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
204    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
205    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
206    <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
207    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
208    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
209    then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
210    <var>n</var>.</li>
211    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
212    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
213    the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
214    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
215    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
216    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
217    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
218    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
219    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
220    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
221    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
222    <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
223    <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
224    <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
225    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
226    replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
227    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
228    character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
229    <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
230    </ol>
231    
232    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a string (STRING or IDENT) as a STRING">normalize
233    a string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>) as a <code>STRING</code></dfn>,
234    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
235    <ol>
236    <li>If <var>s</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a
237    <code>STRING</code>, replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and
238    following characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
239    (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
240    newline character(s)) respectively.</li>
241    <li>If <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>, remove the quotation marks
242    enclosing <var>s</var>.</li>
243    <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
244    <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
245    <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
246    (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
247    <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
248    <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
249    BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
250    SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
251    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
252    <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
253    <dfn id=var-string-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase
254    zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
255    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
256    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
257    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
258    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
259    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
260    <var>s</var>.</p></li>
261    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
262    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
263    <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
264    </ol>
265    
266    <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
267    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
268    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
269    character.  However, depending on the context where
270    the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
271    representation is in use, a sequence of
272    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
273    followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
274    <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
275    <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
276    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
277    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
278    <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
279    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
280    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
281    representation.</p>
282    
283    <div class="note memo">
284    <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
285    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
286    representations are literally compared.</p>
287    </div>
288    
289  <div class="issue ed">  <div class="issue ed">
290  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>  <p>Need to define <dfn id=lower-case>lower$B!>(Bcase</dfn>.
291  for now.</p>  It is tr/A-Z/a-z/ for now.</p>
292  </div>  </div>
293    
294  <p><dfn id=newline>Newline</dfn> is <code class=char>U+000A</code>  <p>To
295  <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> <span class=ed>or  <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-integer title="normalize an integer">normalize
296  U+000D U+000A or U+000A ??</span>.</p>  an integer (<dfn id=var-int-i><var>i</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
297    algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be run:</p>
298    <ol class=algorithm>
299    <li>If <var>i</var> is equal to zero (0), return a string with only a
300    character: <code class=char>U+0030</code>
301    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>).
302    Stop the algorithm.</li>
303    <li>Let <dfn id=var-int-result><var>result</var></dfn> be an empty string.</li>
304    <li>If <var>i</var> is less than zero (0), append a
305    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
306    (<code class=char>-</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
307    <li>Append the decimal representation of the absolute value of
308    <var>i</var> to <var>result</var>.  The decimal (base$B!>(Bten) representation
309    <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> begin with a <code class=char>U+0030</code>
310    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>)
311    character.</li>
312    <li>Return <var>result</var>.</li>
313    </ol>
314    
315    </div>
316    
317    
318    <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
319    <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
320    
321    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
322    representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
323    selector</a>.</p>
324    
325    <p>To
326    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
327    a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
328    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
329    <ol>
330    <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
331    <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
332    
333    <dl class=switch>
334    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
335      <dd>
336        <ol>
337        <li>Append a namespace prefix as following:
338    
339          <dl class=switch>
340          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
341          by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
342            <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
343            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
344            <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
345            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
346            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
347            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
348          <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
349          prefix)</dt>
350            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
351            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
352            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
353          <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
354          or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
355          specified)</dt>
356            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
357            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
358            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
359            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
360            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
361          </dl>
362        </li>
363        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
364        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) an IDENT">normalized</a>
365        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
366        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
367        a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
368        (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
369        </ol>
370      </dd>
371    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
372      <dd>
373        <ol>
374        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
375        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
376        <var>r</var>.</li>
377        <li>
378          Append a namespace prefix as following:
379          <dl>
380          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
381            <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
382            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
383            <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
384            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
385            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
386            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
387          <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
388            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
389            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
390            <var>r</var>.</dd>
391          <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
392            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
393            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
394            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
395            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
396            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
397          </dl>
398        </li>
399        <li>Append the
400        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
401        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
402        <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
403          <ol>
404          <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
405          <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
406          <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
407          <li>Append the
408          <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
409          value to <var>r</var>.</li>
410          </ol>
411        </li>
412        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
413        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
414        <var>r</var>.</li>
415        </ol>
416      </dd>
417    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
418      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
419      STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
420      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
421      class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
422    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
423      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
424      SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
425      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (HASH except for the leading #) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
426      <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
427    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
428      <dd>
429        <ol>
430        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
431        <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
432        to <var>r</var>.</li>
433        <li>Append the
434        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
435        name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to
436        <var>r</var>.</li>
437        <li>Append any arguments as following:
438          <dl class=switch>
439          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
440            <dd>
441              <ol>
442              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
443              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
444              to <var>r</var>.</li>
445              <li>Append the
446              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
447              language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.
448              <span class="issue ed">Should we normalize cases?</span></li>
449              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
450              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
451              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
452              to <var>r</var>.</li>
453              </ol>
454            </dd>
455          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
456          <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
457            <dd>
458              <ol>
459              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
460              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
461              to <var>r</var>.</li>
462              <li>Append the
463              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
464              string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
465              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
466              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
467              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
468              to <var>r</var>.</li>
469              </ol>
470            </dd>
471          <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
472          <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
473          <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
474            <dd>
475              <ol>
476              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
477              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
478              to <var>r</var>.</li>
479              <li>Let <dfn id=var-a><var>a</var></dfn> be the <var>a</var>
480              part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>
481              or <code>even</code>, then let <var>a</var> be <code>2</code>.
482              If the <var>a</var> part with following <code>n</code> character
483              is omitted, then let <var>a</var> be <code>0</code>.
484              Otherwise, if only the <var>a</var> part is omitted, then
485              let <var>a</var> be <code>1</code>.  Otherwise, if the <var>a</var>
486              part is <code>-</code>, then let <var>a</var> be
487              <code>-1</code>.</li>
488              <li>Let <var>a</var> be the
489              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
490              string representation</a> of integer <var>a</var>.</li>
491              <li>Append <var>a</var> to <var>result</var>.</li>
492              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
493              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
494              (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
495              <li>Let <dfn id=var-b><var>b</var></dfn> be the <var>b</var>
496              part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
497              then let <var>b</var> be <code>1</code>.  If the argument is a
498              keyword <code>even</code>, then let <var>b</var> be <code>0</code>.
499              If the <var>b</var> part is omitted, then let <var>b</var> be
500              <code>0</code>.</li>
501              <li>Let <var>b</var> be the
502              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
503              string representation</a> of integer <var>b</var>.</li>
504              <li>If <var>b</var> does <em>not</em> start with a
505              <code class=char>U+002D</code>
506              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
507              character, then append <code class=char>U+002B</code>
508              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
509              (<code class=char>+</code>) to <var>result</var>.</li>
510              <li>Append <var>b</var> to <var>result</var>.</li>
511              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
512              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
513              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
514              to <var>r</var>.</li>
515              </ol>
516            </dd>
517          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
518            <dd>
519              <ol>
520                <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
521                <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
522                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
523                <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
524                SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
525                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
526                <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
527                PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
528                <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
529                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
530                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
531                <var>r</var>.</li>
532                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
533                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
534                <var>r</var> again.</li>
535                <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
536                the simple selector specified as the argument to the
537                <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
538                <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
539                <var>r</var>.</li>
540                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
541                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
542                <var>r</var>.</li>
543                <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
544                <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
545                (<code class=char>)</code>) character
546                to <var>r</var>.</li>
547              </ol>
548            </dd>
549          <dt>Otherwise</dt>
550            <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
551            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
552            and therefore no
553            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
554            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.</dd>
555          </dl>
556        </li>
557        </ol>
558      </dd>
559    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
560      <dd>
561        <ol>
562        <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
563        <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
564        to <var>r</var>.</li>
565        <li>Append the
566        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
567        name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Belement
568        to <var>r</var>.</li>
569        <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
570            The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
571            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
572            and therefore no
573            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
574            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.
575        </li>
576        </ol>
577      </dd>
578    </dl>
579    </li>
580    <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
581    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
582    representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
583    </ol>
584    
585  <!-- TODO: link terms to Selectors -->  </div>
586    
587    <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
588    <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
589    
590  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors>serialize a group of  <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
591  selectors</dfn> (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>):</p>  representation is defined for an invalid
592    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
593    selectors</a>.</p>
594    
595    <p>To
596    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
597    a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
598    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
599  <ol>  <ol>
600  <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>  <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
601  <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in  <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
602  <var>gs</var>:  <var>gs</var>:
603    <ol>    <ol>
604    <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector    <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
605    in the group of selectors, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>    in the <var>gs</var>, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
606    <code class=charname>COMMA</code> followed by a    <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
607    <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>    <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
608    <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>    <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
609    <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>    <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
610    <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or    <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
611    combinator in <var>selector</var> by following algorithm:    combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
612      <dl class=switch>      <dl class=switch>
613      <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector      <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector
614      (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>      (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
615        <dd class=ed>@@</dd>        <dd>
616            <ol>
617            <li>If <var>sss</var> contains a universal or type selector, then
618            <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
619            that simple selector</a> and append the result to
620            <var>result</var>.</li>
621            <li>Otherwise, i.e. if <var>sss</var> does not contain a universal or
622            type selector, then
623            <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
624            a simple selector <code>*</code></a> and append the result to
625            <var>result</var>.</li>
626            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
627            any attribute selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
628            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
629            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
630            any class selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
631            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
632            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
633            any <abbr>ID</abbr> selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
634            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
635            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
636            any pseudo$B!>(Bclass selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
637            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
638            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
639            any pseudo elements</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
640            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
641            <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
642            </ol>
643          </dd>
644      <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>      <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
645        <dd>        <dd>
646          <ol>          <ol>
647          <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>          <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
648          <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>          <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
649          <li>          <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
650    
651            <dl class=switch>            <dl class=switch>
652            <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>            <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
653              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
# Line 179  selectors</dfn> (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs< Line 656  selectors</dfn> (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs<
656            <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator            <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
657            (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>            (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
658              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
659              <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code> character to              <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
660              <var>result</var>.</dd>              (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
661            <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator            <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
662            (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>            (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
663              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
664              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> character to              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
665              <var>result</var>.</dd>              character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
666            <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator            <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
667            (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>            (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
668              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>              <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
669              <code class=charname>TILDE</code> character to              <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
670              <var>result</var>.</dd>              character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
671            </dl>            </dl>
672          </li>          </li>
673          <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>          <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
# Line 202  selectors</dfn> (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs< Line 679  selectors</dfn> (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs<
679    </ol>    </ol>
680  </li>  </li>
681  <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the  <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
682  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
683  representation of the group of selectors.</li>  representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
684  </ol>  </ol>
685    
686  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector>serialize a simple  </div>
 selector</dfn> (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>):</p>  
 <dl class=switch>  
 <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>  
   <dd><dl class=switch>  
   <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or  
   by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>  
     <dd class="ed">@@</dd>  
   <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace  
   prefix)</dt>  
     <dd>Return a <code class=char>U+007C</code> <code class=charname>VERTICAL  
     BAR</code> character, followed by either local name (if <var>ss</var>  
     is a type selector) or a <code class=char>U+002A</code>  
     <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> character (if <var>ss</var>  
     is a universal selector).</dd>  
   <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,  
   or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is specified)</dt>  
     <dd>Return a <code class=char>U+002A</code>  
     <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> character, followed by a  
     <code class=char>U+007C</code> <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code>  
     character, followed by either local name (if <var>ss</var>  
     is a type selector) or a <code class=char>U+002A</code>  
     <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> character (if <var>ss</var>  
     is a universal selector).</dd>  
   </dl></dd>  
 <dt class=ed>@@</dt>  
 </dl>  
687    
688  </div>  </div>
689    
690  <div class="section" id="parsing">  <div class="section" id="parsing">
691  <h2>Parsing  <h2>Parsing
692  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
693  Groups of Selectors</h2>  Representations of Selectors</h2>
694    
695  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is  <p>Since <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">the serializing
696  so designed that it always output a valid  algorithm for groups of selectors</a> is so designed that it always outputs a
697  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  valid <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
698  selectors</a>, no special parser for  selectors</a>, no special parser for the
699  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
700  is necessary.  Any conforming  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for
701  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
702  selectors</a> parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
703  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
704  groups of selectors.</p>  representations of
705    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
706    selectors</a>.</p>
707    
708    <p>Likewise, <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">the serializing
709    algorithm for simple selectors</a> always outputs a valid
710    <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a> and therefore any
711    conforming parser for <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a>
712    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used to parse
713    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
714    representations of <a href="#simple-selector">simple selectors</a>.</p>
715  </div>  </div>
716    
717  <div class="section" id="examples">  <div class="section" id="examples">
718  <h2>Examples</h2>  <h2>Examples</h2>
719    
720  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non-normative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
721    
722  <div class="ed issue">  <div class="ed issue">
723  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,
724  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</a></p>  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>
725    
726  <div class="example figure block">  <div class="example figure block">
727  <div class="caption">...</div>  <div class="caption">...</div>
# Line 273  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 734  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
734  </div>  </div>
735    
736  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
737  <h2>References</h1>  <h2>References</h2>
738    
739  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
740  <h3>Normative References</h3>  <h3>Normative References</h3>
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747    <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>    <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
748    14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,    14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
749    <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.    <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
750    This version of the specification is referenced</dd>    This version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
751  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
752    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
753    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
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758  </div>  </div>
759    
760  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
761  <h3>Non-normative References</h3>  <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
762    
763  <dl>  <dl>
764  <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>  <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
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780  <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>  <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
781    <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,    <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
782    <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>    <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
783    Working Draft.  Work in progress.</dd>    Working Draft, <time datetime="2007-11-03">3 November 2007</time>.
784      Work in progress.</dd>
785  <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>  <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
786    <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,    <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
787    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
# Line 328  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 790  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
790    <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.    <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
791    The latest published version of the specification is available at    The latest published version of the specification is available at
792    <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>    <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
793  <dt id=XBL2>XBL2</dt>  <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
794    <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>    <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
795    2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.    2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
796    Work in progress.  The latest    Work in progress.  The latest
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