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# Line 10  Line 10 
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)
12  Specification</h1>  Specification</h1>
13  <h2>Working Draft 22 September 2007</h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-11-05>5 November 2007</time></h2>
14    
15  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
16  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 23  Specification</h1> Line 23  Specification</h1>
23  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
24  -->  -->
25  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
26    <dt>Version History</dt>
27      <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28  </dl>  </dl>
29  <dl class="authors" id="author">  <dl class="authors" id="author">
30  <dt>Author</dt>  <dt>Author</dt>
# Line 32  Specification</h1> Line 34  Specification</h1>
34        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
35  </dl>  </dl>
36    
37  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; 2007 <a  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
38      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
39  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
40  under the terms of the <a rel="license"  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
# Line 57  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a Line 59  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
59  <div id="status" class="section">  <div id="status" class="section">
60  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
61    
62  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document  <p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document
63  at the time of its publication.  Other documents  at the time of its publication.  Other documents
64  might supersede this document.</em></p>  might supersede this document.</em></p>
65    
66  <p>This document is a working draft.  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
67  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
68    subproject
69    of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
70    project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
71  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
72  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
73    
# Line 77  normative version.</p> Line 82  normative version.</p>
82  <div id="introduction" class="section">  <div id="introduction" class="section">
83  <h2>Introduction</h2>  <h2>Introduction</h2>
84    
85  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
86    
87    <p>Selectors
88    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
89    are patterns that match against elements
90    in a tree structure and are used in Web technologies, including
91    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a>
92    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSS">CSS</a>]</cite>,
93    <a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>5</a>
94    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-HTML5">HTML5</a>]</cite>,
95    <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr title="XML Binding Language">XBL</abbr>2</a>
96    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-XBL2">XBL2</a>]</cite>, and
97    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors
98    <abbr>API</abbr></a>
99    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
100    
101    <p>It is so flexible language that a conceptually same pattern
102    can be represented in inifnite numbers of instances of selectors.
103    It might be convinient for e.g. validation of a test result to
104    define a subset of the language, in which no semantically equivalent
105    selectors are contained.</p>
106    
107    <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
108    <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
109    specification</a>
110    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSSOM">CSSOM</a>]</cite>
111    is trying to define an algorithm to
112    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8#serializing0">serialize
113    a group of selectors</a> for the purpose of <code>selectorText</code>
114    attribute.  However, the algorithm is incomplete
115    <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.  
116    Note that current Web browser implementations
117    of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
118    in not escaping unsafe identifiers and therefore it is not wise
119    to deploy that format for testing.</p>
120    
121  </div>  </div>
122    
123  <div class="section" id="terminology">  <div class="section" id="terminology">
124  <h2>Terminology</h2>  <h2>Terminology</h2>
125    
126  <p>The key words <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></q>,  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
127  <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
128  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>,
129  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></q>, and  <q><dfn id=should-not><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></dfn></q>, and
130  <q><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></q> in this  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
131  document are to be interpreted as described in  document are to be interpreted as described in
132  <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
133    2119</a>
134  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
135    
136    <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
137    interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
138    used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
139    
140    <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
141    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
142    result is equivalent.</p>
143    
144    <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
145    <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
146    as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
147    else in this specification is normative.</p>
148    
149    <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
150    referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
151    selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
152    simple selector in a selector.</p>
153  </div>  </div>
154    
155  <div class="section" id="serializing">  <div class="section" id="serializing">
156  <h2>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h2>  <h2>Serializing Selectors in
157    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
158    Representation</h2>
159    
160    <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
161    to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
162    selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
163    a group of selectors</a>.</p>
164    
165    <div class="note memo">
166    <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
167    </div>
168    
169    <div class="ed issue"><p>TODO: link terms to Selectors</p></div>
170    
171    <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
172    <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
173    
174    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalize
175    a string (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>) as an <code>IDENT</code></dfn>,
176    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
177    <ol>
178    <li>If <var>n</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a <code>HASH</code>,
179    replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following characters) in
180    <var>n</var> by characters represented by them respectively.</li>
181    <li>If <var>n</var> is a <code>HASH</code>, remove the leading
182    <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
183    (<code class=char>#</code>) character from <var>n</var>.</li>
184    <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
185    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
186    (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
187    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
188    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
189    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
190    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
191    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
192    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
193    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
194    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
195    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
196    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
197    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
198    <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
199    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
200    <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
201    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
202    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
203    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
204    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
205    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
206    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
207    <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
208    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
209    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
210    then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
211    <var>n</var>.</li>
212    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
213    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
214    the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
215    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
216    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
217    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
218    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
219    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
220    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
221    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
222    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
223    <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
224    <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
225    <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
226    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
227    replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
228    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
229    character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
230    <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
231    </ol>
232    
233    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a string (STRING or IDENT) as a STRING">normalize
234    a string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>) as a <code>STRING</code></dfn>,
235    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
236    <ol>
237    <li>If <var>s</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a
238    <code>STRING</code>, replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and
239    following characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
240    (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
241    newline character(s)) respectively.</li>
242    <li>If <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>, remove the quotation marks
243    enclosing <var>s</var>.</li>
244    <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
245    <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
246    <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
247    (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
248    <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
249    <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
250    BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
251    SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
252    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
253    <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
254    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
255    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
256    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
257    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
258    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
259    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
260    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
261    <var>s</var>.</p></li>
262    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
263    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
264    <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
265    </ol>
266    
267    <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
268    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
269    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
270    character.  However, depending on the context where
271    the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
272    representation is in use, a sequence of
273    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
274    followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
275    <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
276    <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
277    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
278    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
279    <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
280    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
281    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
282    representation.</p>
283    
284    <div class="note memo">
285    <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
286    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
287    representations are literally compared.</p>
288    </div>
289    
290  <div class="issue ed">  <div class="issue ed">
291  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>  <p>Need to define <dfn id=lower-case>lower$B!>(Bcase</dfn>.
292  for now.</p>  It is tr/A-Z/a-z/ for now.</p>
293    </div>
294    
295    <p>To
296    <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-integer title="normalize an integer">normalize
297    an integer (<dfn id=var-int-i><var>i</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
298    algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be run:</p>
299    <ol class=algorithm>
300    <li>If <var>i</var> is equal to zero (0), return a string with only a
301    character: <code class=char>U+0030</code>
302    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>).
303    Stop the algorithm.</li>
304    <li>Let <dfn id=var-int-result><var>result</var></dfn> be an empty string.</li>
305    <li>If <var>i</var> is less than zero (0), append a
306    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
307    (<code class=char>-</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
308    <li>Append the decimal representation of the absolute value of
309    <var>i</var> to <var>result</var>.  The decimal (base$B!>(Bten) representation
310    <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> begin with a <code class=char>U+0030</code>
311    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>)
312    character.</li>
313    <li>Return <var>result</var>.</li>
314    </ol>
315    
316    </div>
317    
318    
319    <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
320    <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
321    
322    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
323    representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
324    selector</a>.</p>
325    
326    <p>To
327    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
328    a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
329    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
330    <ol>
331    <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
332    <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
333    
334    <dl class=switch>
335    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
336      <dd>
337        <ol>
338        <li>Append a namespace prefix as following:
339    
340          <dl class=switch>
341          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
342          by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
343            <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
344            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
345            <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
346            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
347            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
348            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
349          <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
350          prefix)</dt>
351            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
352            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
353            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
354          <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
355          or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
356          specified)</dt>
357            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
358            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
359            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
360            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
361            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
362          </dl>
363        </li>
364        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
365        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) an IDENT">normalized</a>
366        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
367        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
368        a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
369        (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
370        </ol>
371      </dd>
372    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
373      <dd>
374        <ol>
375        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
376        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
377        <var>r</var>.</li>
378        <li>
379          Append a namespace prefix as following:
380          <dl>
381          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
382            <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
383            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
384            <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
385            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
386            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
387            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
388          <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
389            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
390            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
391            <var>r</var>.</dd>
392          <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
393            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
394            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
395            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
396            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
397            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
398          </dl>
399        </li>
400        <li>Append the
401        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
402        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
403        <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
404          <ol>
405          <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
406          <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
407          <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
408          <li>Append the
409          <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
410          value to <var>r</var>.</li>
411          </ol>
412        </li>
413        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
414        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
415        <var>r</var>.</li>
416        </ol>
417      </dd>
418    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
419      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
420      STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
421      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
422      class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
423    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
424      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
425      SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
426      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (HASH except for the leading #) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
427      <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
428    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
429      <dd>
430        <ol>
431        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
432        <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
433        to <var>r</var>.</li>
434        <li>Append the
435        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
436        name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to
437        <var>r</var>.</li>
438        <li>Append any arguments as following:
439          <dl class=switch>
440          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
441            <dd>
442              <ol>
443              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
444              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
445              to <var>r</var>.</li>
446              <li>Append the
447              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
448              language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.
449              <span class="issue ed">Should we normalize cases?</span></li>
450              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
451              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
452              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
453              to <var>r</var>.</li>
454              </ol>
455            </dd>
456          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
457          <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
458            <dd>
459              <ol>
460              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
461              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
462              to <var>r</var>.</li>
463              <li>Append the
464              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
465              string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
466              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
467              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
468              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
469              to <var>r</var>.</li>
470              </ol>
471            </dd>
472          <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
473          <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
474          <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
475            <dd>
476              <ol>
477              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
478              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
479              to <var>r</var>.</li>
480              <li>Let <dfn id=var-a><var>a</var></dfn> be the <var>a</var>
481              part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>
482              or <code>even</code>, then let <var>a</var> be <code>2</code>.
483              If the <var>a</var> part with following <code>n</code> character
484              is omitted, then let <var>a</var> be <code>0</code>.
485              Otherwise, if only the <var>a</var> part is omitted, then
486              let <var>a</var> be <code>1</code>.  Otherwise, if the <var>a</var>
487              part is <code>-</code>, then let <var>a</var> be
488              <code>-1</code>.</li>
489              <li>Let <var>a</var> be the
490              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
491              string representation</a> of integer <var>a</var>.</li>
492              <li>Append <var>a</var> to <var>result</var>.</li>
493              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
494              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
495              (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
496              <li>Let <dfn id=var-b><var>b</var></dfn> be the <var>b</var>
497              part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
498              then let <var>b</var> be <code>1</code>.  If the argument is a
499              keyword <code>even</code>, then let <var>b</var> be <code>0</code>.
500              If the <var>b</var> part is omitted, then let <var>b</var> be
501              <code>0</code>.</li>
502              <li>Let <var>b</var> be the
503              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
504              string representation</a> of integer <var>b</var>.</li>
505              <li>If <var>b</var> does <em>not</em> start with a
506              <code class=char>U+002D</code>
507              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
508              character, then append <code class=char>U+002B</code>
509              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
510              (<code class=char>+</code>) to <var>result</var>.</li>
511              <li>Append <var>b</var> to <var>result</var>.</li>
512              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
513              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
514              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
515              to <var>r</var>.</li>
516              </ol>
517            </dd>
518          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
519            <dd>
520              <ol>
521                <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
522                <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
523                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
524                <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
525                SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
526                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
527                <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
528                PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
529                <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
530                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
531                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
532                <var>r</var>.</li>
533                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
534                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
535                <var>r</var> again.</li>
536                <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
537                the simple selector specified as the argument to the
538                <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
539                <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
540                <var>r</var>.</li>
541                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
542                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
543                <var>r</var>.</li>
544                <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
545                <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
546                (<code class=char>)</code>) character
547                to <var>r</var>.</li>
548              </ol>
549            </dd>
550          <dt>Otherwise</dt>
551            <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
552            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
553            and therefore no
554            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
555            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.</dd>
556          </dl>
557        </li>
558        </ol>
559      </dd>
560    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
561      <dd>
562        <ol>
563        <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
564        <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
565        to <var>r</var>.</li>
566        <li>Append the
567        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
568        name (in <a href="#lower-case">lower$B!>(Bcase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Belement
569        to <var>r</var>.</li>
570        <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
571            The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
572            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
573            and therefore no
574            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
575            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.
576        </li>
577        </ol>
578      </dd>
579    </dl>
580    </li>
581    <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
582    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
583    representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
584    </ol>
585    
586    </div>
587    
588    <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
589    <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
590    
591    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
592    representation is defined for an invalid
593    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
594    selectors</a>.</p>
595    
596    <p>To
597    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
598    a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
599    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
600    <ol>
601    <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
602    <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
603    <var>gs</var>:
604      <ol>
605      <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
606      in the <var>gs</var>, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
607      <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
608      <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
609      <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
610      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
611      <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
612      combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
613        <dl class=switch>
614        <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector
615        (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
616          <dd>
617            <ol>
618            <li>If <var>sss</var> contains a universal or type selector, then
619            <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
620            that simple selector</a> and append the result to
621            <var>result</var>.</li>
622            <li>Otherwise, i.e. if <var>sss</var> does not contain a universal or
623            type selector, then
624            <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
625            a simple selector <code>*</code></a> and append the result to
626            <var>result</var>.</li>
627            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
628            any attribute selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
629            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
630            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
631            any class selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
632            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
633            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
634            any <abbr>ID</abbr> selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
635            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
636            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
637            any pseudo$B!>(Bclass selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
638            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
639            <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
640            any pseudo elements</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
641            then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
642            <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
643            </ol>
644          </dd>
645        <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
646          <dd>
647            <ol>
648            <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
649            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
650            <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
651    
652              <dl class=switch>
653              <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
654                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
655                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
656                <var>result</var>.</dd>
657              <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
658              (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
659                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
660                <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
661                (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
662              <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
663              (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
664                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
665                <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
666                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
667              <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
668              (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
669                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
670                <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
671                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
672              </dl>
673            </li>
674            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
675            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
676            <var>result</var>.</li>
677            </ol>
678          </dd>
679        </dl>
680      </ol>
681    </li>
682    <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
683    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
684    representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
685    </ol>
686    
687  </div>  </div>
688    
689  </div>  </div>
690    
691  <div class="section" id="parsing">  <div class="section" id="parsing">
692  <h2>Parsing  <h2>Parsing
693  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
694  Groups of Selectors</h2>  Representations of Selectors</h2>
695    
696  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is  <p>Since <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">the serializing
697  so designed that it always output a valid  algorithm for groups of selectors</a> is so designed that it always outputs a
698  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  valid <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
699  selectors</a>, no special parser for the <abbr>SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a>, no special parser for the
700  is necessary.  Any conforming  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
701  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for
702  selectors</a> parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
703  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
704  groups of selectors.</p>  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
705    representations of
706    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
707    selectors</a>.</p>
708    
709    <p>Likewise, <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">the serializing
710    algorithm for simple selectors</a> always outputs a valid
711    <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a> and therefore any
712    conforming parser for <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a>
713    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used to parse
714    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
715    representations of <a href="#simple-selector">simple selectors</a>.</p>
716  </div>  </div>
717    
718  <div class="section" id="examples">  <div class="section" id="examples">
719  <h2>Examples</h2>  <h2>Examples</h2>
720    
721  <p>This section is <em>informative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
722    
723  <div class="ed issue">  <div class="ed issue">
724  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,
725  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</a></p>  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>
726    
727  <div class="example figure block">  <div class="example figure block">
728  <div class="caption">...</div>  <div class="caption">...</div>
# Line 140  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 735  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
735  </div>  </div>
736    
737  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
738  <h2>References</h1>  <h2>References</h2>
739    
740  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
741  <h3>Normative References</h3>  <h3>Normative References</h3>
742    
743  <dl>  <dl>
744  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
745    <dd class="ed">RFC 2119.  The exact version of the specification    <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in
746    is referenced.</dd>    <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
747      <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
748      <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
749      14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
750      <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
751      This version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
752  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
753    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
754    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
755    15 December 2005.  Work in progress.      <time datetime=2005-12-15>15 December 2005</time>.  Work in progress.  
756    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>
757    of the specification is referenced.</dd>    of the specification is referenced.</dd>
758  </dl>  </dl>
759  </div>  </div>
760    
761  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
762  <h3>Informative References</h3>  <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
763    
764  <dl>  <dl>
765  <dt id=ref-CSSOM</dt>CSSOM</dt>  <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
766    <dd class=ed>CSSOM specification, W3C ED, work in progress.</dd>    <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
767      Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
768      Specification</a></cite>,
769      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
770      Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
771      Work in progress.  The latest version of the specification is
772      available at
773      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
774    <dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
775      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
776      Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
777      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
778      <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
779      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
780      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
781    <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
782      <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
783      <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
784      Working Draft, <time datetime="2007-11-03">3 November 2007</time>.
785      Work in progress.</dd>
786    <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
787      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
788      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
789      <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
790      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
791      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
792      The latest published version of the specification is available at
793      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
794    <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
795      <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
796      2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
797      Work in progress.  The latest
798      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
799      version of the specification is available at
800      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
801  </dl>  </dl>
802  </div>  </div>
803    
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