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revision 1.2 by wakaba, Sat Sep 22 12:50:06 2007 UTC revision 1.16 by wakaba, Mon Oct 22 11:16:27 2007 UTC
# Line 10  Line 10 
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)
12  Specification</h1>  Specification</h1>
13  <h2>Working Draft 22 September 2007</h2>  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-10-22>22 October 2007</time></h2>
14    
15  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
16  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 23  Specification</h1> Line 23  Specification</h1>
23  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
24  -->  -->
25  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
26    <dt>Version History</dt>
27      <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28  </dl>  </dl>
29  <dl class="authors" id="author">  <dl class="authors" id="author">
30  <dt>Author</dt>  <dt>Author</dt>
# Line 32  Specification</h1> Line 34  Specification</h1>
34        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
35  </dl>  </dl>
36    
37  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; 2007 <a  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
38      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
39  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
40  under the terms of the <a rel="license"  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
# Line 57  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a Line 59  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
59  <div id="status" class="section">  <div id="status" class="section">
60  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
61    
62  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document  <p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document
63  at the time of its publication.  Other documents  at the time of its publication.  Other documents
64  might supersede this document.</em></p>  might supersede this document.</em></p>
65    
66  <p>This document is a working draft.  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
67  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
68    subproject
69    of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
70    project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
71  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
72  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
73    
# Line 77  normative version.</p> Line 82  normative version.</p>
82  <div id="introduction" class="section">  <div id="introduction" class="section">
83  <h2>Introduction</h2>  <h2>Introduction</h2>
84    
85    <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
86    
87    <p>Selectors
88    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
89    are patterns that match against elements
90    in a tree structure and are used in Web technologies, including
91    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a>
92    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSS">CSS</a>]</cite>,
93    <a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>5</a>
94    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-HTML5">HTML5</a>]</cite>,
95    <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr title="XML Binding Language">XBL</abbr>2</a>
96    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-XBL2">XBL2</a>]</cite>, and
97    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors
98    <abbr>API</abbr></a>
99    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
100    
101  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <div class="issue ed">...</div>
102    
103    <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
104    <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
105    specification</a>
106    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSSOM">CSSOM</a>]</cite>
107    is trying to define an algorithm to
108    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8#serializing0">serialize
109    a group of selectors</a> for the purpose of <code>selectorText</code>
110    attribute.  However, the algorithm is incomplete
111    <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.  
112    Note that current Web browser implementations
113    of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
114    in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p>
115    
116  </div>  </div>
117    
118  <div class="section" id="terminology">  <div class="section" id="terminology">
119  <h2>Terminology</h2>  <h2>Terminology</h2>
120    
121  <p>The key words <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></q>,  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
122  <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
123  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>,
124  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></q>, and  <q><dfn id=should-not><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></dfn></q>, and
125  <q><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></q> in this  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
126  document are to be interpreted as described in  document are to be interpreted as described in
127  <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
128    2119</a>
129  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
130    
131    <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
132    interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
133    used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
134    
135    <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
136    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
137    result is equivalent.</p>
138    
139    <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
140    <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
141    as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
142    else in this specification is normative.</p>
143    
144    <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
145    referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
146    selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
147    simple selector in a selector.</p>
148  </div>  </div>
149    
150  <div class="section" id="serializing">  <div class="section" id="serializing">
151  <h2>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h2>  <h2>Serializing Selectors as
152    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
153    Representation</h2>
154    
155    <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
156    to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
157    selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
158    a group of selectors</a>.</p>
159    
160  <div class="issue ed">  <div class="issue ed">
161  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See
162  for now.</p>  also the reference implementation</a> for now.</p>
163    </div>
164    
165    <div class="note memo">
166    <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
167    </div>
168    <!-- TODO: link terms to Selectors -->
169    
170    <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
171    <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
172    
173    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize an IDENT">normalize
174    an <code>IDENT</code> (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
175    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
176    <ol>
177    <li>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following
178    characters) in <var>n</var> by characters represented by them
179    respectively.</li>
180    <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
181    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
182    (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
183    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
184    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
185    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
186    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
187    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
188    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
189    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
190    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
191    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
192    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
193    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
194    <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
195    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
196    <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
197    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
198    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
199    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
200    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
201    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
202    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
203    <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
204    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
205    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
206    then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
207    <var>n</var>.</li>
208    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
209    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
210    the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
211    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
212    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
213    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
214    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
215    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
216    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
217    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
218    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
219    <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
220    <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
221    <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
222    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
223    replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
224    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
225    character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
226    <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
227    </ol>
228    
229    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a STRING">normalize
230    a <code>STRING</code> (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
231    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
232    <ol>
233    <li><p>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following
234    characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
235    (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
236    newline character(s)) respectively.</p></li>
237    <li><p>Remove the quotation characters in <var>s</var>
238    if <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>.</p>
239    
240    <div class="note memo">
241    <p>The input <var>s</var> to this algorithm may be an
242    <code>IDENT</code>.</p>
243    </div></li>
244    <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
245    <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
246    <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
247    (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
248    <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
249    <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
250    BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
251    SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
252    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
253    <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
254    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
255    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
256    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
257    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
258    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
259    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
260    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
261    <var>s</var>.</p></li>
262    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
263    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
264    <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
265    </ol>
266    
267    <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
268    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
269    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
270    character.  However, depending on the context where
271    the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
272    representation is in use, a sequence of
273    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
274    followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
275    <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
276    <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
277    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
278    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
279    <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
280    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
281    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
282    representation.</p>
283    
284    <div class="note memo">
285    <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
286    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
287    representations are literally compared.</p>
288    </div>
289    
290    </div>
291    
292    
293    <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
294    <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
295    
296    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
297    representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
298    selector</a>.</p>
299    
300    <p>To
301    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
302    a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
303    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
304    <ol>
305    <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
306    <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
307    
308    <dl class=switch>
309    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
310      <dd>
311        <ol>
312        <li>
313          <dl class=switch>
314          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
315          by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
316            <dd class="ed">@@</dd>
317          <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
318          prefix)</dt>
319            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
320            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
321            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
322          <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
323          or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
324          specified)</dt>
325            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
326            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
327            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
328            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
329            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
330          </dl>
331        </li>
332        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
333        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
334        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
335        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
336        a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
337        (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
338        </ol>
339      </dd>
340    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
341      <dd>
342        <ol>
343        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
344        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
345        <var>r</var>.</li>
346        <li>
347          Append a namespace prefix as following:
348          <dl>
349          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
350            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
351            <dd class=ed>@@ Current reference implementation is wrong,
352            since its result of sorting depends on namespace prefix.</dd>
353          <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
354            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
355            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
356            <var>r</var>.</dd>
357          <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
358            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
359            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
360            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
361            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
362            character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
363          </dl>
364        </li>
365        <li>Append the
366        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
367        local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
368        <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
369          <ol>
370          <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
371          <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
372          <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
373          <li>Append the
374          <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
375          value to <var>r</var>.</li>
376          </ol>
377        </li>
378        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
379        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
380        <var>r</var>.</li>
381        </ol>
382      </dd>
383    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
384      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
385      STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
386      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
387      class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
388    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
389      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
390      SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
391      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
392      <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
393    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
394      <dd>
395        <ol>
396        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
397        <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
398        to <var>r</var>.</li>
399        <li>Append the
400        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
401        name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to <var>r</var>.</li>
402        <li>Append any arguments as following:
403          <dl class=switch>
404          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
405            <dd>
406              <ol>
407              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
408              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
409              to <var>r</var>.</li>
410              <li>Append the
411              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
412              language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
413              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
414              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
415              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
416              to <var>r</var>.</li>
417              </ol>
418            </dd>
419          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
420          <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
421            <dd>
422              <ol>
423              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
424              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
425              to <var>r</var>.</li>
426              <li>Append the
427              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
428              string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
429              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
430              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
431              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
432              to <var>r</var>.</li>
433              </ol>
434            </dd>
435          <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
436          <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
437          <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
438            <dd>
439              <ol>
440              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
441              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
442              to <var>r</var>.</li>
443              <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
444              integer <var>a</var> to <var>r</var>.
445              If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code> or <code>even</code>,
446              <var>a</var> is <code>2</code>.  If <var>a</var> and
447              <code>n</code> is omitted, <var>a</var> is assumed as
448              <code>0</code>.  Otherwise, if <var>a</var> is omitted,
449              it is assumed as <code>1</code> (or <code>-1</code>,
450              if there is a <code class=char>U+002D</code>
451              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
452              character).</li>
453              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
454              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
455              (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
456              <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
457              integer <var>b</var> to <var>r</var>.
458              It <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be preceded by a sign,
459              either <code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS
460              SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>) or
461              <code class=char>U+002D</code>
462              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
463              character.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
464              <var>b</var> is <code>1</code>.  If the argument
465              is a keyword <code>even</code>, <var>b</var> is
466              <code>0</code>.  If <var>b</var> is omitted, it is assumed as
467              <code>0</code>.  The sign of <code>0</code>
468              <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code class=char>U+002B</code>
469              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
470              (<code class=char>+</code>).</li>
471              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
472              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
473              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
474              to <var>r</var>.</li>
475              </ol>
476            </dd>
477          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
478            <dd>
479              <ol>
480                <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
481                <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
482                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
483                <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
484                SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
485                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
486                <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
487                PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
488                <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
489                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
490                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
491                <var>r</var>.</li>
492                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
493                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
494                <var>r</var> again.</li>
495                <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
496                the simple selector specified as the argument to the
497                <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
498                <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
499                <var>r</var>.</li>
500                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
501                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
502                <var>r</var>.</li>
503                <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
504                <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
505                (<code class=char>)</code>) character
506                to <var>r</var>.</li>
507              </ol>
508            </dd>
509          <dt>Otherwise</dt>
510            <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
511            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
512            and therefore no
513            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
514            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.</dd>
515          </dl>
516        </li>
517        </ol>
518      </dd>
519    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
520      <dd>
521        <ol>
522        <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
523        <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
524        to <var>r</var>.</li>
525        <li>Append the
526        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
527        name of the pseudo$B!>(Belement to <var>r</var>.</li>
528        <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
529            The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
530            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
531            and therefore no
532            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
533            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.
534        </li>
535        </ol>
536      </dd>
537    </dl>
538    </li>
539    <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
540    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
541    representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
542    </ol>
543    
544    </div>
545    
546    <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
547    <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
548    
549    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
550    representation is defined for an invalid group of selectors.</p>
551    
552    <p>To
553    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
554    a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
555    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
556    <ol>
557    <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
558    <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
559    <var>gs</var>:
560      <ol>
561      <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
562      in the group of selectors, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
563      <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
564      <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
565      <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
566      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
567      <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
568      combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
569        <dl class=switch>
570        <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector
571        (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
572          <dd>
573            <ol>
574            <li class=ed><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
575            each simple selector</a> in <var>sss</var>.</li>
576            <li class=ed>sort</li>
577            <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
578            </ol>
579          </dd>
580        <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
581          <dd>
582            <ol>
583            <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
584            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
585            <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
586    
587              <dl class=switch>
588              <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
589                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
590                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
591                <var>result</var>.</dd>
592              <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
593              (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
594                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
595                <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
596                (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
597              <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
598              (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
599                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
600                <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
601                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
602              <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
603              (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
604                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
605                <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
606                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
607              </dl>
608            </li>
609            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
610            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
611            <var>result</var>.</li>
612            </ol>
613          </dd>
614        </dl>
615      </ol>
616    </li>
617    <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
618    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
619    representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
620    </ol>
621    
622  </div>  </div>
623    
624  </div>  </div>
625    
626  <div class="section" id="parsing">  <div class="section" id="parsing">
627  <h2>Parsing  <h2>Parsing
628  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
629  Groups of Selectors</h2>  Groups of Selectors</h2>
630    
631  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is
632  so designed that it always output a valid  so designed that it always output a valid
633  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
634  selectors</a>, no special parser for the <abbr>SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a>, no special parser for the
635  is necessary.  Any conforming  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
636  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for
637  selectors</a> parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
638  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
639  groups of selectors.</p>  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
640    representations of groups of selectors.</p>
641  </div>  </div>
642    
643  <div class="section" id="examples">  <div class="section" id="examples">
644  <h2>Examples</h2>  <h2>Examples</h2>
645    
646  <p>This section is <em>informative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
647    
648  <div class="ed issue">  <div class="ed issue">
649  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,
650  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</a></p>  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>
651    
652  <div class="example figure block">  <div class="example figure block">
653  <div class="caption">...</div>  <div class="caption">...</div>
# Line 140  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 660  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
660  </div>  </div>
661    
662  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
663  <h2>References</h1>  <h2>References</h2>
664    
665  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
666  <h3>Normative References</h3>  <h3>Normative References</h3>
667    
668  <dl>  <dl>
669  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
670    <dd class="ed">RFC 2119.  The exact version of the specification    <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in
671    is referenced.</dd>    <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
672      <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
673      <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
674      14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
675      <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
676      This version of the specification is referenced</dd>
677  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
678    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
679    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
680    15 December 2005.  Work in progress.      <time datetime=2005-12-15>15 December 2005</time>.  Work in progress.  
681    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>
682    of the specification is referenced.</dd>    of the specification is referenced.</dd>
683  </dl>  </dl>
684  </div>  </div>
685    
686  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
687  <h3>Informative References</h3>  <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
688    
689  <dl>  <dl>
690  <dt id=ref-CSSOM</dt>CSSOM</dt>  <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
691    <dd class=ed>CSSOM specification, W3C ED, work in progress.</dd>    <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
692      Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
693      Specification</a></cite>,
694      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
695      Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
696      Work in progress.  The latest version of the specification is
697      available at
698      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
699    <dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
700      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
701      Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
702      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
703      <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
704      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
705      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
706    <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
707      <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
708      <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
709      Working Draft.  Work in progress.</dd>
710    <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
711      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
712      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
713      <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
714      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
715      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
716      The latest published version of the specification is available at
717      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
718    <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
719      <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
720      2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
721      Work in progress.  The latest
722      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
723      version of the specification is available at
724      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
725  </dl>  </dl>
726  </div>  </div>
727    
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