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1  <!DOCTYPE html>  <!DOCTYPE html>
2  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">
3  <head>  <head>
4  <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT) Specification</title>  <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT)</title>
5  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">
6  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">
7  </head>  </head>
8  <body class="has-abstract">  <body class="has-abstract">
9    
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)</h1>
12  Specification</h1>  <h2>Working Draft
13  <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-10-22>22 October 2007</time></h2>  <time datetime=2007-12-09>9 December 2007</time></h2>
14    
15  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
16  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
17    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work"
18        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
19  <dt>Latest Version</dt>  <dt>Latest Version</dt>
20    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft"
21        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft</a>&gt;</code></dd>
 <!--  
22  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
23  -->    <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work"
24  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->        >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work</a>&gt;</code></dd>
25    <dt>Previous Version</dt>
26      <dd><code class="URI">&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-20071105"
27          >http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-20071105</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28  <dt>Version History</dt>  <dt>Version History</dt>
29    <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>    <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft-work.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
30  </dl>  <dt id=author>Author</dt>
 <dl class="authors" id="author">  
 <dt>Author</dt>  
31    <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"    <dd><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author"
32        lang=ja>Wakaba</a>        lang=ja>Wakaba</a>
33    <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"    <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:w@suika.fam.cx" rel="author"
# Line 52  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a Line 52  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
52  <div id="abstract" class="section">  <div id="abstract" class="section">
53  <h2>Abstract</h2>  <h2>Abstract</h2>
54    
55  <div class="ed issue">...</div>  <p>This document defines
56    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>,
57    a subset of Selectors language which is suitable for describing results
58    of Selectors parsing tests.</p>
59    
60  </div>  </div>
61    
62  <div id="status" class="section">  <div id="status" class="section">
63  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
64    
65  <p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document  <p class=section-info>This section describes the status of this document at the
66  at the time of its publication.  Other documents  time of its publication.  Other documents might supersede this document.</p>
67  might supersede this document.</em></p>  
68    <p><!-- This document is the specification -->This document is a working draft
69  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the  of <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>,
70  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>  produced as part of the
71  subproject  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a> product
72  of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>  of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
73  project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  project.
74    It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
75  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
76  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
77    
78  <p>Comments on this document are welcome and  <p>Comments on this document are welcome and
79  may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>  may be sent to the <a href="#author">author</a>.</p>
80    
81  <p>Translations of thie document might be available.  <p>Translations of this document might be available.
82  The English version of the document is the only  The English version of the document is the only
83  normative version.</p>  normative version.</p>
84  </div>  </div>
# Line 98  in a tree structure and are used in Web Line 102  in a tree structure and are used in Web
102  <abbr>API</abbr></a>  <abbr>API</abbr></a>
103  <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
104    
105  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <p>It is so flexible language that a conceptually same pattern
106    can be represented in infinite numbers of instances of selectors.
107    It might be convenient for e.g. validation of a test result to
108    define a subset of the language, in which no semantically equivalent
109    selectors are contained.</p>
110    
111  <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The  <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
112  <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>  <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
# Line 111  attribute.  However, the algorithm is in Line 119  attribute.  However, the algorithm is in
119  <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.    <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.  
120  Note that current Web browser implementations  Note that current Web browser implementations
121  of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken  of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
122  in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p>  in not escaping unsafe identifiers and therefore it is not wise
123    to deploy that format for testing.</p>
124    
125  </div>  </div>
126    
# Line 120  in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p> Line 129  in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p>
129    
130  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
131  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
132  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>,  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>, and
 <q><dfn id=should-not><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></dfn></q>, and  
133  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
134  document are to be interpreted as described in  document are to be interpreted as described in
135  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
136  2119</a>  2119</a>
137  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
138    
139    <p>Requirements phrased in the imperative as part of algorithms are to be
140    interpreted with the meaning of the key word (<em class=rfc2119>MUST</em>)
141    used in introducing the algorithm.</p>
142    
143    <p>Conformance requirements phrased as algorithms or specific steps
144    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be implemented in any manner, so long as the end
145    result is equivalent.</p>
146    
147  <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->  <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
148  <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,  <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
149  as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything  as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
# Line 140  simple selector in a selector.</p> Line 156  simple selector in a selector.</p>
156  </div>  </div>
157    
158  <div class="section" id="serializing">  <div class="section" id="serializing">
159  <h2>Serializing Selectors as  <h2>Serializing Selectors in
160  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
161  Representation</h2>  Representation</h2>
162    
163  <div class="issue ed">  <p>Subsections of this section define algorithms
164  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>  to <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">serialize a simple
165  for now.</p>  selector</a> or <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">serialize
166    a group of selectors</a>.</p>
167    
168    <div class="note memo">
169    <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
170  </div>  </div>
171    
172  <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>  <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
173  <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>  <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
174    
175  <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalize
176  representation is defined for an invalid group of selectors.</p>  a string (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>) as an <code>IDENT</code></dfn>,
177    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
178    <ol>
179    <li>If <var>n</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a <code>HASH</code>,
180    replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following characters) in
181    <var>n</var> by characters represented by them respectively.</li>
182    <li>If <var>n</var> is a <code>HASH</code>, remove the leading
183    <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code>
184    (<code class=char>#</code>) character from <var>n</var>.</li>
185    <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
186    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
187    (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
188    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
189    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
190    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
191    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
192    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
193    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
194    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
195    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
196    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
197    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
198    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
199    <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
200    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
201    <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
202    <dfn id=var-ident-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the uppercase
203    zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
204    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
205    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
206    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
207    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
208    <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
209    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
210    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
211    then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
212    <var>n</var>.</li>
213    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
214    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
215    the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
216    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
217    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
218    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
219    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
220    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
221    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
222    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
223    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
224    <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
225    <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
226    <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
227    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
228    replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
229    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
230    character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
231    <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
232    </ol>
233    
234    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a string (STRING or IDENT) as a STRING">normalize
235    a string (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>) as a <code>STRING</code></dfn>,
236    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
237    <ol>
238    <li>If <var>s</var> is either an <code>IDENT</code> or a
239    <code>STRING</code>, replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and
240    following characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
241    (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
242    newline character(s)) respectively.</li>
243    <li>If <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>, remove the quotation marks
244    enclosing <var>s</var>.</li>
245    <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
246    <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
247    <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
248    (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
249    <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
250    <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
251    BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
252    SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
253    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
254    <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
255    <dfn id=var-string-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the uppercase
256    zero$B!>(Bpadded hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
257    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
258    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
259    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
260    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
261    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
262    <var>s</var>.</p></li>
263    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
264    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
265    <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
266    </ol>
267    
268    <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
269    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
270    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
271    character.  However, depending on the context where
272    the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
273    representation is in use, a sequence of
274    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
275    followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
276    <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
277    <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
278    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
279    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
280    <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
281    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
282    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
283    representation.</p>
284    
285  <div class="note memo">  <div class="note memo">
286  <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>  <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
287    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
288    representations are literally compared.</p>
289  </div>  </div>
290    
291  <!-- TODO: link terms to Selectors -->  <div class="issue ed">
292    <p>In a future version of the specification, we need to define
293    <dfn id=lowercase>lowercase</dfn> (maybe by referencing some version of
294    some module of <abbr>CSS</abbr>).  It is <code>tr/A-Z/a-z/</code> for now.</p>
295    </div>
296    
297  <p>To  <p>To
298  <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize  <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-integer title="normalize an integer">normalize
299  a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>  an integer (<dfn id=var-int-i><var>i</var></dfn>)</dfn>, the following
300  <ol>  algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
301  <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>  <ol class=algorithm>
302  <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in  <li>If <var>i</var> is equal to zero (0), return a string with only a
303  <var>gs</var>:  character: <code class=char>U+0030</code>
304    <ol>  <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>).
305    <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector  Stop the algorithm.</li>
306    in the group of selectors, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>  <li>Let <dfn id=var-int-result><var>result</var></dfn> be an empty string.</li>
307    <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a  <li>If <var>i</var> is less than zero (0), append a
308    <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>  <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
309    <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>  (<code class=char>-</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
310    <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>  <li>Append the decimal representation of the absolute value of
311    <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or  <var>i</var> to <var>result</var>.  The decimal (base$B!>(Bten) representation
312    combinator in <var>selector</var> by following algorithm:  <em class=rfc2119>MUST NOT</em> begin with a <code class=char>U+0030</code>
313      <dl class=switch>  <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code> (<code class=char>0</code>)
314      <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector  character.</li>
315      (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>  <li>Return <var>result</var>.</li>
       <dd>  
         <ol>  
         <li class=ed><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize  
         each simple selector</a> in <var>sss</var>.</li>  
         <li class=ed>sort</li>  
         <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>  
         </ol>  
       </dd>  
     <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>  
       <dd>  
         <ol>  
         <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
         <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>  
         <li>  
           <dl class=switch>  
           <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>  
             <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
             <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to  
             <var>result</var>.</dd>  
           <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator  
           (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>  
             <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>  
             <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>  
             (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>  
           <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator  
           (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>  
             <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>  
             <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)  
             character to <var>result</var>.</dd>  
           <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator  
           (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>  
             <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>  
             <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)  
             character to <var>result</var>.</dd>  
           </dl>  
         </li>  
         <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>  
         <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to  
         <var>result</var>.</li>  
         </ol>  
       </dd>  
     </dl>  
   </ol>  
 </li>  
 <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the  
 <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  
 representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>  
316  </ol>  </ol>
317    
318  </div>  </div>
319    
320    
321  <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>  <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
322  <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>  <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
323    
324    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
325    representation is defined for an invalid <a href="#simple-selector">simple
326    selector</a>.</p>
327    
328  <p>To  <p>To
329  <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize  <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
330  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
331    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
332    <ol>
333    <li>Let <dfn id=var-r><var>r</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
334    <li>Process <var>ss</var> as following:
335    
336  <dl class=switch>  <dl class=switch>
337  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
338    <dd>    <dd>
339      <ol>      <ol>
340      <li>      <li>Append a namespace prefix as following:
341    
342        <dl class=switch>        <dl class=switch>
343        <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or        <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
344        by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>        by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
345          <dd class="ed">@@</dd>          <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
346            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
347            <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
348            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
349            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
350            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
351        <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace        <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
352        prefix)</dt>        prefix)</dt>
353          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
354          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
355          character to <var>result</var>.</dd>          character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
356        <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,        <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
357        or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is        or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
358        specified)</dt>        specified)</dt>
# Line 258  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 360  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
360          <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)          <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
361          character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>          character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
362          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
363          character, to <var>result</var>.</dd>          character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
364        </dl>        </dl>
365      </li>      </li>
366      <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the      <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
367      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) an IDENT">normalized</a>
368      local name to <var>result</var>.</li>      local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
369      <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append      <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
370      a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>      a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
371      (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>      (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
372      </ol>      </ol>
373    </dd>    </dd>
374  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
# Line 274  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 376  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
376      <ol>      <ol>
377      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
378      SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to      SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
379      <var>result</var>.</li>      <var>r</var>.</li>
380      <li>      <li>
381        Append a namespace prefix as following:        Append a namespace prefix as following:
382        <dl>        <dl>
383        <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>        <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
384          <dd class=ed>@@</dd>          <dd>Append the namespace URI as a
385          <dd class=ed>@@ Current reference implementation is wrong,          <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string as an IDENT">normalized
386          since its result of sorting depends on namespace prefix.</dd>          <code>IDENT</code></a> to <var>r</var>.  Then, append a
387            <code class=char>U+007C</code>
388            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
389            character to <var>r</var>.</dd>
390        <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>        <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
391          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
392          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
393          <var>result</var>.</dd>          <var>r</var>.</dd>
394        <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>        <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
395          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>          <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
396          <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)          <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
397          character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>          character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
398          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)          <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
399          character, to <var>result</var>.</dd>          character, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
400        </dl>        </dl>
401      </li>      </li>
402      <li>Append the      <li>Append the
403      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
404      local name to <var>result</var>.</li>      local name to <var>r</var>.</li>
405      <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:      <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
406        <ol>        <ol>
407        <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,        <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
408        <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,        <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
409        <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>result</var>.</li>        <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>r</var>.</li>
410        <li>Append the        <li>Append the
411        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
412        value to <var>result</var>.</li>        value to <var>r</var>.</li>
413        </ol>        </ol>
414      </li>      </li>
415      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
416      SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to      SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
417      <var>result</var>.</li>      <var>r</var>.</li>
418      </ol>      </ol>
419    </dd>    </dd>
420  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
421    <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL    <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
422    STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed    STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
423    by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>    by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
424    class name, <var>result</var>.</dd>    class name, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
425  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
426    <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER    <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
427    SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed    SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
428    by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>    by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (HASH except for the leading #) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
429    <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>result</var>.</dd>    <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>r</var>.</dd>
430  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>  <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
431    <dd>    <dd>
432      <ol>      <ol>
433      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>      <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
434      <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character      <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
435      to <var>result</var>.</li>      to <var>r</var>.</li>
436      <li>Append the      <li>Append the
437      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
438      name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to <var>result</var>.</li>      name (in <a href="#lowercase">lowercase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to
439        <var>r</var>.</li>
440      <li>Append any arguments as following:      <li>Append any arguments as following:
441        <dl class=switch>        <dl class=switch>
442        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
# Line 338  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 444  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
444            <ol>            <ol>
445            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
446            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
447            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
448            <li>Append the            <li>Append the
449            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
450            language tag (the argument) to <var>result</var>.</li>            language tag (the argument) to <var>r</var>.
451              <span class="issue ed">Should we normalize cases?</span></li>
452            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
453            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
454            (<code class=char>)</code>) character            (<code class=char>)</code>) character
455            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
456            </ol>            </ol>
457          </dd>          </dd>
458        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
# Line 354  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 461  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
461            <ol>            <ol>
462            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
463            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
464            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
465            <li>Append the            <li>Append the
466            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>            <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
467            string (the argument) to <var>result</var>.</li>            string (the argument) to <var>r</var>.</li>
468            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
469            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
470            (<code class=char>)</code>) character            (<code class=char>)</code>) character
471            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
472            </ol>            </ol>
473          </dd>          </dd>
474        <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,        <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
# Line 371  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 478  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
478            <ol>            <ol>
479            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
480            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character            PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
481            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
482            <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>            <li>Let <dfn id=var-a><var>a</var></dfn> be the <var>a</var>
483            integer <var>a</var> to <var>result</var>.            part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>
484            If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code> or <code>even</code>,            or <code>even</code>, then let <var>a</var> be <code>2</code>.
485            <var>a</var> is <code>2</code>.  If <var>a</var> and            If the <var>a</var> part with following <code>n</code> character
486            <code>n</code> is omitted, <var>a</var> is assumed as            is omitted, then let <var>a</var> be <code>0</code>.
487            <code>0</code>.  Otherwise, if <var>a</var> is omitted,            Otherwise, if only the <var>a</var> part is omitted, then
488            it is assumed as <code>1</code> (or <code>-1</code>,            let <var>a</var> be <code>1</code>.  Otherwise, if the <var>a</var>
489            if there is a <code class=char>U+002D</code>            part is <code>-</code>, then let <var>a</var> be
490            <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)            <code>-1</code>.</li>
491            character).</li>            <li>Let <var>a</var> be the
492              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
493              string representation</a> of integer <var>a</var>.</li>
494              <li>Append <var>a</var> to <var>r</var>.</li>
495            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
496            <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>            <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
497            (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>            (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>r</var>.</li>
498            <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>            <li>Let <dfn id=var-b><var>b</var></dfn> be the <var>b</var>
499            integer <var>b</var> to <var>result</var>.            part of the argument.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
500            It <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be preceded by a sign,            then let <var>b</var> be <code>1</code>.  If the argument is a
501            either <code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS            keyword <code>even</code>, then let <var>b</var> be <code>0</code>.
502            SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>) or            If the <var>b</var> part is omitted, then let <var>b</var> be
503            <code class=char>U+002D</code>            <code>0</code>.</li>
504              <li>Let <var>b</var> be the
505              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-integer" title="normalize an integer">normalized
506              string representation</a> of integer <var>b</var>.</li>
507              <li>If <var>b</var> does <em>not</em> start with a
508              <code class=char>U+002D</code>
509            <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)            <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
510            character.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,            character, then append <code class=char>U+002B</code>
511            <var>b</var> is <code>1</code>.  If the argument            <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
512            is a keyword <code>even</code>, <var>b</var> is            (<code class=char>+</code>) to <var>r</var>.</li>
513            <code>0</code>.  If <var>b</var> is omitted, it is assumed as            <li>Append <var>b</var> to <var>r</var>.</li>
           <code>0</code>.  The sign of <code>0</code>  
           <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code class=char>U+002B</code>  
           <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>  
           (<code class=char>+</code>).</li>  
514            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
515            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>            <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
516            (<code class=char>)</code>) character            (<code class=char>)</code>) character
517            to <var>result</var>.</li>            to <var>r</var>.</li>
518            </ol>            </ol>
519          </dd>          </dd>
520        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>        <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
# Line 417  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 528  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
528              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
529              <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT              <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
530              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
531              <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>result</var>.</li>              <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>r</var>.</li>
532              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
533              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
534              <var>result</var>.</li>              <var>r</var>.</li>
535              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
536              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
537              <var>result</var> again.</li>              <var>r</var> again.</li>
538              <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize              <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
539              the simple selector specified as the argument to the              the simple selector specified as the argument to the
540              <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>              <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
541              <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to              <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
542              <var>result</var>.</li>              <var>r</var>.</li>
543              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>              <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
544              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to              <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
545              <var>result</var>.</li>              <var>r</var>.</li>
546              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
547              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
548              (<code class=char>)</code>) character              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
549              to <var>result</var>.</li>              to <var>r</var>.</li>
550            </ol>            </ol>
551          </dd>          </dd>
552          <dt>Otherwise</dt>
553            <dd>The pseudo$B!>(Bclass is not supported by this version of
554            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
555            and therefore no
556            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
557            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.</dd>
558        </dl>        </dl>
559      </li>      </li>
560      </ol>      </ol>
# Line 447  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s Line 564  a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>s
564      <ol>      <ol>
565      <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>      <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
566      <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)      <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
567      to <var>result</var>.</li>      to <var>r</var>.</li>
568      <li>Append the      <li>Append the
569      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>      <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize a string (IDENT) as an IDENT">normalized</a>
570      name of the pseudo$B!>(Belement to <var>result</var>.</li>      name (in <a href="#lowercase">lowercase</a>) of the pseudo$B!>(Belement
571      <!-- For future version: append "(", arguments, ")", if any. -->      to <var>r</var>.</li>
572        <li>If the pseudo$B!>(Belement has any arguments:
573            The pseudo$B!>(Belement is not supported by this version of
574            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
575            and therefore no
576            <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
577            representation is defined for <var>ss</var>.  Stop the algorithm.
578        </li>
579      </ol>      </ol>
580    </dd>    </dd>
581  </dl>  </dl>
582    </li>
583    <li>Then, <var>r</var> is the
584    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
585    representation of <var>ss</var>.</li>
586    </ol>
587    
588  </div>  </div>
589    
590  <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>  <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
591  <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>  <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
592    
593  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize an IDENT">normalize  <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
594  an <code>IDENT</code> (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>  representation is defined for an invalid
595  <ol>  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
596  <li>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following  selectors</a>.</p>
 characters) in <var>n</var> by characters represented by them  
 respectively.</li>  
 <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of  
 <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>  
 (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>  
 <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>  
 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>  
 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),  
 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER  
 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),  
 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>  
 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>  
 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),  
 <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or  
 <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in  
 <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where  
 <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded  
 hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character  
 is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,  
 <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>  
 <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>  
 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of  
 <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>  
 (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>  
 <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),  
 then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of  
 <var>n</var>.</li>  
 <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>  
 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and  
 the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of  
 <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER  
 A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),  
 <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>  
 (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>  
 (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>  
 <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),  
 <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or  
 <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or  
 <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>  
 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then  
 replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>  
 <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)  
 character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>  
 <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>  
 </ol>  
597    
598  <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a STRING">normalize  <p>To
599  a <code>STRING</code> (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>  <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
600    a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>,
601    the following algorithm <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be used:</p>
602  <ol>  <ol>
603  <li><p>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following  <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
604  characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them  <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
605  (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by  <var>gs</var>:
606  newline character(s)) respectively.</p></li>    <ol>
607  <li><p>Remove the quotation characters in <var>s</var>    <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
608  if <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>.</p>    in the <var>gs</var>, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
609      <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
610  <div class="note memo">    <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
611  <p>The input <var>s</var> to this algorithm may be an    <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
612  <code>IDENT</code>.</p>    <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
613  </div></li>    <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
614  <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of    combinator in <var>selector</var> as following:
615  <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,      <dl class=switch>
616  <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>      <dt>If it is a sequence of simple selector
617  (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>      (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
618  <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to        <dd>
619  <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE          <ol>
620  BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT          <li>If <var>sss</var> contains a universal or type selector, then
621  SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or          <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
622  <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in          that simple selector</a> and append the result to
623  <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where          <var>result</var>.</li>
624  <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded          <li>Otherwise, i.e. if <var>sss</var> does not contain a universal or
625  hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character          type selector, then
626  is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,          <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
627  <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>          a simple selector <code>*</code></a> and append the result to
628  <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>          <var>result</var>.</li>
629  <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION          <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
630  MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of          any attribute selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
631  <var>s</var>.</p></li>          then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
632  <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION          <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
633  MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>          any class selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
634  <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>          then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
635  </ol>          <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
636            any <abbr>ID</abbr> selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
637  <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>          then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
638  <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a          <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
639  <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>          any pseudo$B!>(Bclass selectors</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
640  character.  However, depending on the context where          then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
641  the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>          <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector" title="serialize a simple selector">Serialize
642  representation is in use, a sequence of          any pseudo elements</a> in <var>sss</var>, sort the results,
643  <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>          then append them to <var>result</var> in order.</li>
644  followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>          <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
645  <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a          </ol>
646  <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character        </dd>
647  <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>      <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
648  <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.        <dd>
649  <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations          <ol>
650  <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an          <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
651  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>          <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
652  representation.</p>          <li>Process <var>c</var> as following:
653    
654  <div class="note memo">            <dl class=switch>
655  <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before            <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
656                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
657                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
658                <var>result</var>.</dd>
659              <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
660              (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
661                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
662                <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
663                (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
664              <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
665              (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
666                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
667                <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
668                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
669              <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
670              (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
671                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
672                <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
673                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
674              </dl>
675            </li>
676            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
677            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
678            <var>result</var>.</li>
679            </ol>
680          </dd>
681        </dl>
682      </ol>
683    </li>
684    <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
685  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
686  representations are literally compared.</p>  representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
687  </div>  </ol>
688    
689  </div>  </div>
690    
# Line 583  representations are literally compared.< Line 693  representations are literally compared.<
693  <div class="section" id="parsing">  <div class="section" id="parsing">
694  <h2>Parsing  <h2>Parsing
695  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
696  Groups of Selectors</h2>  Representations of Selectors</h2>
697    
698  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is  <p>Since <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors">the serializing
699  so designed that it always output a valid  algorithm for groups of selectors</a> is so designed that it always outputs a
700  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  valid <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
701  selectors</a>, no special parser for the  selectors</a>, no special parser for the
702  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
703  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for
704  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
705  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
706  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
707  representations of groups of selectors.</p>  representations of
708    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
709    selectors</a>.</p>
710    
711    <p>Likewise, <a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">the serializing
712    algorithm for simple selectors</a> always outputs a valid
713    <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a> and therefore any
714    conforming parser for <a href="#simple-selector">simple selector</a>
715    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used to parse
716    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
717    representations of <a href="#simple-selector">simple selectors</a>.</p>
718  </div>  </div>
719    
720  <div class="section" id="examples">  <div class="section" id="examples">
# Line 602  representations of groups of selectors.< Line 722  representations of groups of selectors.<
722    
723  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
724    
 <div class="ed issue">  
 <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,  
 by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>  
   
725  <div class="example figure block">  <div class="example figure block">
726  <div class="caption">...</div>  <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
727    representation of a selector <code>p + q</code> is:</p>
728    
729  <pre><code>...</code></pre>  <pre><code>    *|p
730      + *|q
731    </code></pre>
732  </div>  </div>
733    
734    <div class="example figure block">
735    <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
736    representation of a selector <code>a#id.class1:n\ot(:Active)/*
737     comment
738    */.class2</code> is:</p>
739    
740    <pre><code>    *|a.class1.class2#id:not(
741            :active
742        )
743    </code></pre>
744    </div>
745    
746    <div class="example figure block">
747    <p>The <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
748    representation of a
749    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of selectors</a>
750    <code>a, #b, C[d^=e], .\31 23</code> is:</p>
751    
752    <pre><code>    *|a
753    ,
754        *|*#b
755    ,
756        *|C[|d^="e"]
757    ,
758        *|*.\00003123
759    </code></pre>
760  </div>  </div>
761    
762  </div>  </div>
# Line 630  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 775  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
775    <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>    <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
776    14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,    14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
777    <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.    <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
778    This version of the specification is referenced</dd>    This version of the specification is referenced.</dd>
779  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
780    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
781    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
# Line 663  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 808  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
808  <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>  <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
809    <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,    <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
810    <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>    <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
811    Working Draft.  Work in progress.</dd>    Working Draft, <time datetime="2007-11-03">3 November 2007</time>.
812      Work in progress.</dd>
813  <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>  <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
814    <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,    <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
815    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,    <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
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