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1  <!DOCTYPE html>  <!DOCTYPE html>
2  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">  <html lang="en" class="formal-specification status-work-in-progress">
3  <head>  <head>
4  <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT)</title>  <title>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (SSFT) Specification</title>
5  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/style/html/spec">
6  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">  <link rel="license" href="http://suika.fam.cx/c/gnu/fdl">
7  </head>  </head>
8  <body class="has-abstract">  <body class="has-abstract">
9    
10  <div class="header">  <div class="header">
11  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)</h1>  <h1>Selectors Serialization Format for Testing (<abbr>SSFT</abbr>)
12  <h2>Working Draft 22 September 2007</h2>  Specification</h1>
13    <h2>Working Draft <time datetime=2007-10-22>22 October 2007</time></h2>
14    
15  <dl class="versions-uri">  <dl class="versions-uri">
16  <dt>This Version</dt>  <dt>This Version</dt>
# Line 22  Line 23 
23  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>  <dt>Latest Working Draft</dt>
24  -->  -->
25  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->  <!-- <dt>Previous Version</dt> -->
26    <dt>Version History</dt>
27      <dd><code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html">http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/markup/selectors/ssft/ssft.en.html</a>&gt;</code></dd>
28  </dl>  </dl>
29  <dl class="authors" id="author">  <dl class="authors" id="author">
30  <dt>Author</dt>  <dt>Author</dt>
# Line 31  Line 34 
34        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>        >w@suika.fam.cx</a>&gt;</code></dd>
35  </dl>  </dl>
36    
37  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; 2007 <a  <p class="copyright" lang="en">&#xA9; <time>2007</time> <a
38      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.      href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author">Wakaba</a>.
39  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document  Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
40  under the terms of the <a rel="license"  under the terms of the <a rel="license"
# Line 56  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a Line 59  available at <code class="URI">&lt;<a
59  <div id="status" class="section">  <div id="status" class="section">
60  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>  <h2>Status of This Document</h2>
61    
62  <p><em>This section describes the status of this document  <p class=section-info><em>This section describes the status of this document
63  at the time of its publication.  Other documents  at the time of its publication.  Other documents
64  might supersede this document.</em></p>  might supersede this document.</em></p>
65    
66  <p>This document is a working draft.  <p>This document is a working draft, produced as part of the
67  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by  <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/markup/html/whatpm/readme">Whatpm</a>
68    subproject
69    of the <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/www/manakai-core/doc/web/">manakai</a>
70    project.  It might be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by
71  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to  other documents at any time.  It is inappropriate to
72  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>  cite this document as other than <q>work in progress</q>.</p>
73    
# Line 76  normative version.</p> Line 82  normative version.</p>
82  <div id="introduction" class="section">  <div id="introduction" class="section">
83  <h2>Introduction</h2>  <h2>Introduction</h2>
84    
85    <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
86    
87    <p>Selectors
88    <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-SELECTORS">SELECTORS</a>]</cite>
89    are patterns that match against elements
90    in a tree structure and are used in Web technologies, including
91    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21"><abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets">CSS</abbr></a>
92    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSS">CSS</a>]</cite>,
93    <a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr title="Hypertext Markup Language">HTML</abbr>5</a>
94    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-HTML5">HTML5</a>]</cite>,
95    <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr title="XML Binding Language">XBL</abbr>2</a>
96    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-XBL2">XBL2</a>]</cite>, and
97    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors
98    <abbr>API</abbr></a>
99    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-SAPI">SAPI</a>]</cite>.</p>
100    
101  <div class="issue ed">...</div>  <div class="issue ed">...</div>
102    
103    <p><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">The
104    <abbr title="Cascading Style Sheets Object Model">CSSOM</abbr>
105    specification</a>
106    <cite class="bibref informative">[<a href="#ref-CSSOM">CSSOM</a>]</cite>
107    is trying to define an algorithm to
108    <a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8#serializing0">serialize
109    a group of selectors</a> for the purpose of <code>selectorText</code>
110    attribute.  However, the algorithm is incomplete
111    <time datetime=2007-09-25>at the time of the writing</time>.  
112    Note that current Web browser implementations
113    of the <code>selectorText</code> attribute are consistently broken
114    in not escaping unsafe identifiers.</p>
115    
116  </div>  </div>
117    
118  <div class="section" id="terminology">  <div class="section" id="terminology">
119  <h2>Terminology</h2>  <h2>Terminology</h2>
120    
121  <p>The key words <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></q>,  <p>The key words <q><dfn id=must><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em></dfn></q>,
122  <q><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=must-not><em class="rfc2119">MUST NOT</em></dfn></q>,
123  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></q>,  <q><dfn id=should><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em></dfn></q>,
124  <q><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></q>, and  <q><dfn id=should-not><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD NOT</em></dfn></q>, and
125  <q><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></q> in this  <q><dfn id=may><em class=rfc2119>MAY</em></dfn></q> in this
126  document are to be interpreted as described in  document are to be interpreted as described in
127  <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119  <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119"><abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr>
128    2119</a>
129  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>  <cite class="bibref normative">[<a href="#ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</a>]</cite>.</p>
130    
131    <!-- Strictly speaking the paragraph below is not part of terminology. -->
132    <p>All examples and notes in this specification are non$B!>(Bnormative,
133    as are all sections explicitly marked non$B!>(Bnormative.  Everything
134    else in this specification is normative.</p>
135    
136    <p>For the purpose of this specification, pseudo$B!>(Belements are also
137    referred to as <dfn title="simple selector" id=simple-selector>simple
138    selectors</dfn> and are considered as part of the last sequence of
139    simple selector in a selector.</p>
140  </div>  </div>
141    
142  <div class="section" id="serializing">  <div class="section" id="serializing">
143  <h2>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h2>  <h2>Serializing Selectors as
144    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
145    Representation</h2>
146    
147  <div class="issue ed">  <div class="issue ed">
148  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/cvs/*checkout*/markup/html/whatpm/Whatpm/CSS/SelectorsSerializer.pm">See the reference implementation</a>
149  for now.</p>  for now.</p>
150  </div>  </div>
151    
152    <div class=section id=serializing-groups-of-selectors>
153    <h3>Serializing Groups of Selectors</h3>
154    
155    <p>No <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
156    representation is defined for an invalid group of selectors.</p>
157    
158    <div class="note memo">
159    <p>The serialized representation will not contain any comment.</p>
160    </div>
161    
162    <!-- TODO: link terms to Selectors -->
163    
164    <p>To
165    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-group-of-selectors title="serialize a group of selectors">serialize
166    a group of selectors (<dfn id=var-gs><var>gs</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>
167    <ol>
168    <li>Let <dfn id=var-result><var>result</var></dfn> an empty string.</li>
169    <li>For each selector (<dfn id=var-selector><var>selector</var></dfn>) in
170    <var>gs</var>:
171      <ol>
172      <li>If <var>selector</var> is <em>not</em> the first selector
173      in the group of selectors, then append a <code class=char>U+002C</code>
174      <code class=charname>COMMA</code> (<code class=char>,</code>) followed by a
175      <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
176      <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
177      <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
178      <li>Process each sequence of simple selectors or
179      combinator in <var>selector</var> by following algorithm:
180        <dl class=switch>
181        <dt>If it is a sequence of simle selector
182        (<dfn id=var-sss><var>sss</var></dfn>)</dt>
183          <dd>
184            <ol>
185            <li class=ed><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
186            each simple selector</a> in <var>sss</var>.</li>
187            <li class=ed>sort</li>
188            <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to <var>result</var>.</li>
189            </ol>
190          </dd>
191        <dt>If it is a combinator (<dfn id=var-c><var>c</var></dfn>)</dt>
192          <dd>
193            <ol>
194            <li>Append two <code class=char>U+0020</code>
195            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to <var>result</var>.</li>
196            <li>
197              <dl class=switch>
198              <dt>If <var>c</var> is descendant combinator (white space)</dt>
199                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
200                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
201                <var>result</var>.</dd>
202              <dt>If <var>c</var> is child combinator
203              (<code class=char>></code>)</dt>
204                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+003E</code>
205                <code class=charname>GREATER-THAN SIGN</code>
206                (<code class=char>></code>) character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
207              <dt>If <var>c</var> is adjacent sibling combinator
208              (<code class=char>+</code>)</dt>
209                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002B</code>
210                <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>)
211                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
212              <dt>If <var>c</var> is general sibling combinator
213              (<code class=char>~</code>)</dt>
214                <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007E</code>
215                <code class=charname>TILDE</code> (<code class=char>~</code>)
216                character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
217              </dl>
218            </li>
219            <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0020</code>
220            <code class=charname>SPACE</code> character to
221            <var>result</var>.</li>
222            </ol>
223          </dd>
224        </dl>
225      </ol>
226    </li>
227    <li>Then, <var>result</var> is the
228    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
229    representation of <var>gs</var>.</li>
230    </ol>
231    
232    </div>
233    
234    <div class=section id=serializing-simple-selectors>
235    <h3>Serializing Simple Selectors</h3>
236    
237    <p>To
238    <dfn id=algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector title="serialize a simple selector">serialize
239    a simple selector (<dfn><var id=var-ss>ss</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>
240    <dl class=switch>
241    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a type or universal selector</dt>
242      <dd>
243        <ol>
244        <li>
245          <dl class=switch>
246          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified (via namespace prefix, or
247          by omitting namespace prefix where a default namespace is specified)</dt>
248            <dd class="ed">@@</dd>
249          <dt>If the null namespace is specified (by zero$B!>(Blength namespace
250          prefix)</dt>
251            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
252            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
253            character to <var>result</var>.</dd>
254          <dt>If no namespace is specified (by namespace prefix <code>*</code>,
255          or by omitting namespace prefix where no default namespace is
256          specified)</dt>
257            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
258            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
259            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
260            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
261            character, to <var>result</var>.</dd>
262          </dl>
263        </li>
264        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a type selector, append the
265        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
266        local name to <var>result</var>.</li>
267        <li>If <var>ss</var> is a universal selector, append
268        a <code class=char>U+002A</code> <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code>
269        (<code class=char>*</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
270        </ol>
271      </dd>
272    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an attribute selector</dt>
273      <dd>
274        <ol>
275        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
276        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>[</code>) to
277        <var>result</var>.</li>
278        <li>
279          Append a namespace prefix as following:
280          <dl>
281          <dt>If a namespace URI is specified</dt>
282            <dd class=ed>@@</dd>
283            <dd class=ed>@@ Current reference implementation is wrong,
284            since its result of sorting depends on namespace prefix.</dd>
285          <dt>If the null namespace is specified</dt>
286            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
287            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> character to
288            <var>result</var>.</dd>
289          <dt>If no namespace is specified</dt>
290            <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002A</code>
291            <code class=charname>ASTERISK</code> (<code class=char>*</code>)
292            character, followed by a <code class=char>U+007C</code>
293            <code class=charname>VERTICAL BAR</code> (<code class=char>|</code>)
294            character, to <var>result</var>.</dd>
295          </dl>
296        </li>
297        <li>Append the
298        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
299        local name to <var>result</var>.</li>
300        <li>If a value is specified in <var>ss</var>:
301          <ol>
302          <li>Depending on the way to match, append <code>=</code>,
303          <code>~=</code>, <code>|=</code>, <code>^=</code>,
304          <code>$=</code>, or <code>*=</code> to <var>result</var>.</li>
305          <li>Append the
306          <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
307          value to <var>result</var>.</li>
308          </ol>
309        </li>
310        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
311        SQUARE BRACKET</code> (<code class=char>]</code>) to
312        <var>result</var>.</li>
313        </ol>
314      </dd>
315    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a class selector</dt>
316      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+002E</code> <code class=charname>FULL
317      STOP</code> (<code class=char>.</code>) character, followed
318      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
319      class name, <var>result</var>.</dd>
320    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is an <abbr>ID</abbr> selector</dt>
321      <dd>Append a <code class=char>U+0023</code> <code class=charname>NUMBER
322      SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) character, followed
323      by <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
324      <abbr>ID</abbr>, to <var>result</var>.</dd>
325    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Bclass selector</dt>
326      <dd>
327        <ol>
328        <li>Append a <code class=char>U+003A</code>
329        <code class=charname>COLON</code> (<code class=char>:</code>) character
330        to <var>result</var>.</li>
331        <li>Append the
332        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
333        name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass to <var>result</var>.</li>
334        <li>Append any arguments as following:
335          <dl class=switch>
336          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>lang</code></dt>
337            <dd>
338              <ol>
339              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
340              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
341              to <var>result</var>.</li>
342              <li>Append the
343              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
344              language tag (the argument) to <var>result</var>.</li>
345              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
346              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
347              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
348              to <var>result</var>.</li>
349              </ol>
350            </dd>
351          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is
352          <code>-manakai-contains</code></dt>
353            <dd>
354              <ol>
355              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
356              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
357              to <var>result</var>.</li>
358              <li>Append the
359              <a href="#algorithm-normalize-a-string" title="normalize a string">normalized</a>
360              string (the argument) to <var>result</var>.</li>
361              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
362              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
363              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
364              to <var>result</var>.</li>
365              </ol>
366            </dd>
367          <dt>If name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is either <code>nth-child</code>,
368          <code>nth-last-child</code>, <code>nth-of-type</code>, or
369          <code>nth-last-of-type</code></dt>
370            <dd>
371              <ol>
372              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
373              PARENTHESIS</code> (<code class=char>(</code>) character
374              to <var>result</var>.</li>
375              <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
376              integer <var>a</var> to <var>result</var>.
377              If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code> or <code>even</code>,
378              <var>a</var> is <code>2</code>.  If <var>a</var> and
379              <code>n</code> is omitted, <var>a</var> is assumed as
380              <code>0</code>.  Otherwise, if <var>a</var> is omitted,
381              it is assumed as <code>1</code> (or <code>-1</code>,
382              if there is a <code class=char>U+002D</code>
383              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
384              character).</li>
385              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+006E</code>
386              <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>
387              (<code class=char>n</code>) character to <var>result</var>.</li>
388              <li>Append <span class=ed>@@ normalized</span>
389              integer <var>b</var> to <var>result</var>.
390              It <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be preceded by a sign,
391              either <code class=char>U+002B</code> <code class=charname>PLUS
392              SIGN</code> (<code class=char>+</code>) or
393              <code class=char>U+002D</code>
394              <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
395              character.  If the argument is a keyword <code>odd</code>,
396              <var>b</var> is <code>1</code>.  If the argument
397              is a keyword <code>even</code>, <var>b</var> is
398              <code>0</code>.  If <var>b</var> is omitted, it is assumed as
399              <code>0</code>.  The sign of <code>0</code>
400              <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code class=char>U+002B</code>
401              <code class=charname>PLUS SIGN</code>
402              (<code class=char>+</code>).</li>
403              <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
404              <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
405              (<code class=char>)</code>) character
406              to <var>result</var>.</li>
407              </ol>
408            </dd>
409          <dt>If the name of the pseudo$B!>(Bclass is <code>not</code></dt>
410            <dd>
411              <ol>
412                <li>Append a string of <code class=char>U+003A</code>
413                <code class=charname>COLON</code>, <code class=char>U+006E</code>
414                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER N</code>,
415                <code class=char>U+006F</code> <code class=charname>LATIN
416                SMALL LETTER O</code>, <code class=char>U+0074</code>
417                <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER T</code>, and
418                <code class=char>U+0028</code> <code class=charname>LEFT
419                PARENTHESIS</code> (<code>:not(</code>), followed by a
420                <a href="#newline">newline</a>, to <var>result</var>.</li>
421                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
422                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
423                <var>result</var>.</li>
424                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
425                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
426                <var>result</var> again.</li>
427                <li><a href="#algorithm-serialize-a-simple-selector">Serialize
428                the simple selector specified as the argument to the
429                <code>not</code> pseudo$B!>(Bclass</a>.</li>
430                <li>Append a <a href="#newline">newline</a> to
431                <var>result</var>.</li>
432                <li>Append four <code class=char>U+0020</code>
433                <code class=charname>SPACE</code> characters to
434                <var>result</var>.</li>
435                <li>Append a <code class=char>U+0029</code>
436                <code class=charname>RIGHT PARENTHESIS</code>
437                (<code class=char>)</code>) character
438                to <var>result</var>.</li>
439              </ol>
440            </dd>
441          </dl>
442        </li>
443        </ol>
444      </dd>
445    <dt>If <var>ss</var> is a pseudo$B!>(Belement</dt>
446      <dd>
447        <ol>
448        <li>Append two <code class=char>U+003A</code>
449        <code class=charname>COLON</code> characters (<code>::</code>)
450        to <var>result</var>.</li>
451        <li>Append the
452        <a href="#algorithm-normalize-an-ident" title="normalize an IDENT">normalized</a>
453        name of the pseudo$B!>(Belement to <var>result</var>.</li>
454        <!-- For future version: append "(", arguments, ")", if any. -->
455        </ol>
456      </dd>
457    </dl>
458    
459    </div>
460    
461    <div class=section id=serializing-tokens>
462    <h3>Serializing Tokens</h3>
463    
464    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-an-ident title="normalize an IDENT">normalize
465    an <code>IDENT</code> (<dfn id=var-n><var>n</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>
466    <ol>
467    <li>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following
468    characters) in <var>n</var> by characters represented by them
469    respectively.</li>
470    <li>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
471    <code class=char>U+002D</code> <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code>
472    (<code class=char>-</code>), <code class=char>U+0030</code>
473    <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
474    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
475    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
476    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
477    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
478    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
479    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
480    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
481    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
482    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
483    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
484    <code class=char>U+0080</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
485    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
486    <var>n</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
487    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
488    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
489    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
490    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
491    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</li>
492    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is one of
493    <code class=char>U+0030</code> <code class=charname>DIGIT ZERO</code>
494    (<code class=char>0</code>) to <code class=char>U+0039</code>
495    <code class=charname>DIGIT NINE</code> (<code class=char>9</code>),
496    then prepend a string <code>\00003</code> at the beginning of
497    <var>n</var>.</li>
498    <li>If the first character in <var>n</var> is <code class=char>U+002D</code>
499    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>) and
500    the second character, if any, is <em>not</em> one of
501    <code class=char>U+0041</code> <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER
502    A</code> (<code class=char>A</code>) to <code class=char>U+005A</code>
503    <code class=charname>LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>Z</code>),
504    <code class=char>U+005F</code> <code class=charname>LOW LINE</code>
505    (<code class=char>_</code>), <code class=char>U+0061</code>
506    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER A</code>
507    (<code class=char>a</code>) to <code class=char>U+006A</code>
508    <code class=charname>LATIN SMALL LETTER Z</code> (<code class=char>z</code>),
509    <code>U+0080</code> to <code>U+D7FF</code>, or
510    <code>U+E000</code> to <code>U+10FFFF</code>, or
511    <var>n</var> is equal to <code class=char>U+002D</code>
512    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>), then
513    replace the <code class=char>U+002D</code>
514    <code class=charname>HYPHEN-MINUS</code> (<code class=char>-</code>)
515    character by string <code>\00002D</code>.</li>
516    <li>Then, <var>n</var> is the result of the algorithm.</li>
517    </ol>
518    
519    <p>To <dfn id=algorithm-normalize-a-string title="normalize a STRING">normalize
520    a <code>STRING</code> (<dfn id=var-s><var>s</var></dfn>)</dfn>:</p>
521    <ol>
522    <li><p>Replace the escape sequences (<code>\</code> and following
523    characters) in <var>s</var> by characters represented by them
524    (or an empty string if <code>\</code> is immediately followed by
525    newline character(s)) respectively.</p></li>
526    <li><p>Remove the quotation characters in <var>s</var>
527    if <var>s</var> is a <code>STRING</code>.</p>
528    
529    <div class="note memo">
530    <p>The input <var>s</var> to this algorithm may be an
531    <code>IDENT</code>.</p>
532    </div></li>
533    <li><p>If there is any character that is <em>not</em> one of
534    <code class=char>U+0020</code> <code class=charname>SPACE</code>,
535    <code class=char>U+0021</code> <code class=charname>EXCLAMATION MARK</code>
536    (<code class=char>!</code>), <code class=char>U+0023</code>
537    <code class=charname>NUMBER SIGN</code> (<code class=char>#</code>) to
538    <code class=char>U+005B</code> <code class=charname>LEFT SQUARE
539    BRACKET</code>, <code class=char>U+005D</code> <code class=charname>RIGHT
540    SQUARE BRACKET</code> to <code class=char>U+D7FF</code>, or
541    <code class=char>U+E000</code> to <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code> in
542    <var>s</var>, then replace it by string <code>\<var>HHHHHH</var></code>, where
543    <dfn id=var-HHHHHH><var>HHHHHH</var></dfn> is the upper$B!>(Bcase zero$B!>(Bpadded
544    hexadecimal representation of the character.  If the character
545    is outside the range of <code>[<code class=char>U+0000</code>,
546    <code class=char>U+10FFFF</code>]</code>, <var>HHHHHH</var>
547    <em class=rfc2119>MUST</em> be <code>FFFFFF</code>.</p></li>
548    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
549    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the beginning of
550    <var>s</var>.</p></li>
551    <li><p>Insert a <code class=char>U+0022</code> <code class=charname>QUOTATION
552    MARK</code> (<code class=char>"</code>) at the end of <var>s</var>.</p></li>
553    <li><p>Then, <var>s</var> is the result of the algorithm.</p></li>
554    </ol>
555    
556    <p>A <dfn id=newline title=newline>newline</dfn>
557    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be represented as a
558    <code class=char>U+000A</code> <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code>
559    character.  However, depending on the context where
560    the <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
561    representation is in use, a sequence of
562    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
563    followed by a <code class=char>U+000A</code>
564    <code class=charname>LINE FEED</code> (i.e. a
565    <code>CRLF</code> sequence) or a character
566    <code class=char>U+000D</code> <code class=charname>CARRIAGE RETURN</code>
567    <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used as a <a href="#newline">newline</a> instead.
568    <a href="#newline">Newline</a> representations
569    <em class=rfc2119>SHOULD</em> be consistent in an
570    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
571    representation.</p>
572    
573    <div class="note memo">
574    <p>Therefore, newlines must be normalized before
575    <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
576    representations are literally compared.</p>
577    </div>
578    
579    </div>
580    
581  </div>  </div>
582    
583  <div class="section" id="parsing">  <div class="section" id="parsing">
584  <h2>Parsing  <h2>Parsing
585  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
586  Groups of Selectors</h2>  Groups of Selectors</h2>
587    
588  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is  <p>Since <a href="#serializing">the serializing algorithm</a> is
589  so designed that it always output a valid  so designed that it always output a valid
590  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of
591  selectors</a>, no special parser for the <abbr>SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a>, no special parser for the
592  is necessary.  Any conforming  <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
593  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">group of  representation is necessary.  Any conforming parser for
594  selectors</a> parser <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used  <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#grouping">groups of
595  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SFFT</abbr>  selectors</a> <em class=rfc2119>MAY</em> be used
596  groups of selectors.</p>  to parse <abbr title="Selectors Serialization Format for Testing">SSFT</abbr>
597    representations of groups of selectors.</p>
598  </div>  </div>
599    
600  <div class="section" id="examples">  <div class="section" id="examples">
601  <h2>Examples</h2>  <h2>Examples</h2>
602    
603  <p>This section is <em>informative</em>.</p>  <p class=section-info>This section is <em>non$B!>(Bnormative</em>.</p>
604    
605  <div class="ed issue">  <div class="ed issue">
606  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,  <p><a href="http://suika.fam.cx/gate/2007/css/parser-interface">Try demo</a>,
607  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</a></p>  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio button.</p>
608    
609  <div class="example figure block">  <div class="example figure block">
610  <div class="caption">...</div>  <div class="caption">...</div>
# Line 139  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto Line 617  by choosing <q>Selectors</q> radio butto
617  </div>  </div>
618    
619  <div id="references" class="section reference">  <div id="references" class="section reference">
620  <h2>References</h1>  <h2>References</h2>
621    
622  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">  <div id="normative-references" class="section normative reference">
623  <h3>Normative References</h3>  <h3>Normative References</h3>
624    
625  <dl>  <dl>
626  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>  <dt id="ref-KEYWORDS">KEYWORDS</dt>
627    <dd class="ed">RFC 2119.  The exact version of the specification    <dd><cite><a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2119">Key words for use in
628    is referenced.</dd>    <abbr>RFCs</abbr> to Indicate Requirement Levels</a></cite>,
629      <abbr title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</abbr>
630      <a href="urn:ietf:bcp:14"><abbr title="Best Current Practice">BCP</abbr>
631      14</a>, <abbr title="Request for Comments">RFC</abbr> 2119,
632      <time datetime=1997-03>March 1997</time>.
633      This version of the specification is referenced</dd>
634  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>  <dt id=ref-SELECTORS>SELECTORS</dt>
635    <dd class=ed><cite>Selectors</cite>, W3C WD, work in progress.</dd>    <dd><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2005/WD-css3-selectors-20051215"><cite>Selectors</cite></a>,
636      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Working Draft,
637      <time datetime=2005-12-15>15 December 2005</time>.  Work in progress.  
638      <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors">The latest version</a>
639      of the specification is referenced.</dd>
640  </dl>  </dl>
641  </div>  </div>
642    
643  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">  <div id="informative-references" class="section informative reference">
644  <h3>Informative References</h3>  <h3>Non$B!>(Bnormative References</h3>
645    
646  <dl>  <dl>
647  <dt id=ref-CSSOM</dt>CSSOM</dt>  <dt id=ref-CSS>CSS</dt>
648    <dd class=ed>CSSOM specification, W3C ED, work in progress.</dd>    <dd><cite><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2007/CR-CSS21-20070719">Cascading
649      Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (<abbr>CSS</abbr> 2.1)
650      Specification</a></cite>,
651      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Candidate
652      Recommendation, <time datetime=2007-07-19>19 July 2007</time>.
653      Work in progress.  The latest version of the specification is
654      available at
655      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21">http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21</a>></code>.</dd>
656    <dt id=ref-CSSOM>CSSOM</dt>
657      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/csswg/cssom/Overview.html?rev=1.55&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Cascading
658      Style Sheets Object Model (<abbr>CSSOM</abbr>)</a></cite>,
659      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
660      <time datetime=2007-06-18>18 June 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
661      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
662      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/Overview.html</a>></code>.</dd>
663    <dt id=ref-HTML5>HTML5</dt>
664      <dd><cite><a href="http://whatwg.org/html5"><abbr>HTML</abbr> 5</a></cite>,
665      <abbr title="Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group">WHATWG</abbr>
666      Working Draft.  Work in progress.</dd>
667    <dt id=ref-SAPI>SAPI</dt>
668      <dd><cite><a href="http://dev.w3.org/cvsweb/~checkout~/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html?rev=1.28&amp;content-type=text/html;%20charset=utf-8">Selectors <abbr>API</abbr></a></cite>,
669      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr> Editor's Draft,
670      <time datetime=2007-08-29>29 August 2007</time>.  Work in progress.
671      The latest Editor's Draft of the specification is available at
672      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html">http://dev.w3.org/2006/webapi/selectors-api/Overview.html</a>></code>.
673      The latest published version of the specification is available at
674      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/">http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors-api/</a>></code>.</dd>
675    <dt id=ref-XBL2>XBL2</dt>
676      <dd><cite><a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xbl/xbl2.html"><abbr>XBL</abbr>
677      2.0</a></cite>, Mozilla.org, <time datetime=2007-03-15>15 Mar 2007</time>.
678      Work in progress.  The latest
679      <abbr title="World Wide Web Consortium">W3C</abbr>$B!>(Bpublished
680      version of the specification is available at
681      <code class=URI>&lt;<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/">http://www.w3.org/TR/xbl/</a>></code>.</dd>
682  </dl>  </dl>
683  </div>  </div>
684    
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